Lands at risk in the Third World:

activities Africa agricultural production Amazon Amazonia Andean animals annual areas Bolivia capital Chamus charcoal conservation costs crops cultivation cultural decline deforestation degradation desertification Development Anthropology drought ecological economic ecosystems environment environmental erosion exploitation factors fallow farmers farming feddans fertility forest forestry fuel fuelwood Gondalpur grazing groups Guinea savanna hectares herd herders highland households human impact increase indigenous inputs Institute International irrigation Kenya Khartoum labor labor scarcity land livestock lowland Maasai Merrey migration millet natural resources Nepal Niamey Niger organization Palaw'an pastoral pastoralists peasant percent Peru Philippine planning political population potential problems production zones programs rainfall rainfed region result rice rural San Julian savanna Scheme sector settlement settlers smallholders social soil strategies Studies subsistence Sudan sudano-sahelian swidden tenants Tingo Maria traditional tropical Tugen University Press uplands upper Huallaga urban USAID village White Nile World Bank