Arab civilization to A.D. 1500

Abbasid Abd Allah Abu Tammam according ad-Dawla Ahmad Akhbdr az-Zamdn al-Andalus al-Bulddn al-Farabi al-Ibar al-Jahiz al-Kindi al-Ma'mun al-Malik al-Mansur al-Maqrizi al-Mas'udi al-Mu'tasim al-Waqidi alchemy already appears Arabia Arabic text Aristotle astrology at-Tabari Baghdad Bakr Beirut Brockelmann Byzantine Cairo Caliph called century a.d. Christians cited conquest contemporary D. M. Dunlop Damascus death died doubt East edition Egypt evidently famous Fihrist Futuh geographical Greek Harun historians Ibid Ibn Abi Usaybi'a Ibn Bajja Ibn Khaldun Ibn Khallikan Ibn Khurradadhbih Ibn Qutayba Ibn Rushd interest Iraq Ishaq Islam Khalid Khazars king Kitdb known later Latin Leiden manuscript Maqqari Marwan Mas'udi mentioned Mu'awiya Muhammad Muqaddimah Muruj adh-Dhahab Muslim Nafh at-Tib original Paris perhaps Persian philosopher poet poetry Ptolemy quoted Qur'an Rhazes says seems Slane sources Spain Syria Ta'rikh Tabari Tanbih Tdrikh tion trans translation Treatise Umar Umayyad vols writing Yahya Yazid