Dialect Focusing and Language Transfer in Sixteenth Century Germany

accommodation affected appears beginning Booma Booma & Van Brabants century Chapter church citizens closed Cologne communities compromise congregations consistory consonant contact situation contrast court demographic dialects diphthong discussion documents dominance Dutch Dutch dialects early economic ende entries established evidence exile existed expected factors Finally Flemish focusing forms four Frankenthal Frankenthal's Frankfurt frequently German influence given Gouw important included indicate influence instances interaction involved koinéization language contact later letters limited linguistic London magistrate mixed monophthongization native numbers occurs official once origin orthographic Palatine period person population position present pronoun protocols records reflexive reformed refugees regard region religious represented retained rounding Schoonjans secondary umlaut separate shifted shows similar social sources speakers spelling StAF texts town transfer umlaut Van Booma Van der Gouw variants varieties volume vowel Wallonian Wesel WGmc writing written