Evolution

Acad adaptive alleles amino acid ancestor animals apes behavior Biol biological biologists Cambridge cause cells changes Chapter chimpanzees chromosome cladistic codon coelom common complex concept coworkers Cretaceous Darwin derived developmental dinosaurs diploid Drosophila early effects environment environmental enzyme equilibrium eukaryotes Evol evolution evolutionary evolved example extinct females FIGURE forms fossil function gametes gametophyte gene frequencies genetic genome genotypes groups haploid heterozygotes hominid homologous human hybrid increase individuals interactions isolation lineages males mammalian mammals mating meiosis metabolic metazoan molecular molecules morphological mutations natural selection nucleic acid nucleotide nucleotide sequences occur offspring organisms origin pairs phenotypic phyla phylogenetic phylogeny plants population predators primates probably Proc produce prokaryotes proposed proteins relationships relatively replication reproductive reptiles ribosomal Science sexual similar social speciation species stage Strickberger structures taxa theory therapsids tion tissues traits University Press variation various vertebrates York