Ideas and Innovation in East Asia

affiliates Aghion Asia average Bank’s benefits business R&D Cambodia Capita GDP capita income citation frequency cited patent competition developed and developing developing country firms developing economies domestic firms domestic innovation domestic R&D East Asian economies East Asian patenting effects electronics estimated evidence Exhibit exports FDI spillovers fiscal incentives foreign direct investment foreign firms global production networks higher Hong Kong horizontal spillovers important Indonesia industries innovation activities intellectual property rights Investment Climate Surveys Jaffe and Trajtenberg Japan Jaumotte and Pain knowledge from abroad knowledge spillovers Korea Korea and Taiwan Lederman and Maloney levels macroeconomic Malaysia Manufacturing middle income economies multinational NIEs OECD countries panel data patent citations Patenting in East patents per capita Peter Howitt Philippines policies potential productivity growth R&D intensity R&D performed R&D spending R&D stocks Rachel Griffith Singapore Source studies suppliers Thailand total factor productivity UNESCO upgrading USPTO World Bank