Basic Principles of Learning

acquisition and extinction alley American Psychological Association animal appetitive appetitive behavior aversive avoidance learning avoidance response basic Bolles buzzer classical and instrumental classical conditioning Comparative and Physiological continued contrast effect control group CS-US interval curare delay discrimination training drive duration elicited escape example experiment Experimental Psychology fear function given goal box gradient group received heart rate hypothesis increased inhibitory instrumental conditioning interoceptive intertrial interval Journal of Comparative Journal of Experimental Kamin Law of Effect lever-pressing motivation Mowrer N-length nonrewarded number of responses paired partial reinforcement effect Pavlovian percent performance Physiological Psychology presented press a lever primary reinforcement primary reward prior procedure produced R₁ Reprinted by permission resistance to extinction response strength reward magnitude running speed S₁ salivation schedule secondary reinforcement sensory preconditioning shock intensity shock offset shown in Figure stimulus subjects sucrose summary suppression technique termination test trials tion tone trained rats two-factor theory variables