Crises in Foreign Policy: A Simulation Analysis

action alternatives American analysis Anticipation appear authority awareness behavior Chapter characteristics communication compared considered contraction controlled crises crisis crisis-noncrisis Cuba Cuban decision makers Defense defined definition described difference dimensions directional effect established examined example experimental situation Extended findings forces foreign policy formed frequency given goals High Threat hostile Hypothesis Illustrations important increase indicated individuals influence initial International involved Korean less Low Threat means measure messages military missile nation noncrisis NOTE nuclear null observers occur Organization Paired Samples participants perceived period person policy makers Politics position possible predicted present President Press probability problem situation proposed question questionnaire ratings reduced rejected Relations relationship reported represent response Short significant simulation South Korea Soviet Square statistical suggests Surprise Table tion traits United University values variables World York