Superstitions,' in "The Gentleman's Magazine Library," is probably akin to the tradition mentioned by your correspondent, inasmuch as it might be considered fatal to introduce into a dwelling-house a blossom exhaling such an illomened scent." H. S.

BISON (7th S. i. 467; ii. 73).—I thank correspondents for notes on this word. Except for those unfamiliar with its philology it is hardly necessary to say that the guess of Sir G. C. Lewis, mentioned by MR. MARSHALL, that wisent in the 'Niebelungen Lied' is "manifestly a corruption of bison,” was as bad as the common run of guesses in sciences with which the guesser is unacquainted; wisunt, wisant, being the old Teutonic name, of which bison was a Greek and Latin adaptation. What the writer ought to have said was "manifestly there is some connexion between wisent in the Niebelungen Lied' and the Latin word bison; but what the relation between them is, must be left to philologists to say." Those who wish to see the scientific treatment of the subject should read the brilliant article "Wisunt" in Schade's 'Altdeutsches Wörterbuch.'

J. A. H. MURRAY.

KEMP'S NINE DAIES WONDER' (7th S. ii. 49). -"Clean Lent," see ' N. & Q.,' 4th S. i. 315, 467, at which reference there is a notice of the ex

planation of the use of the term as a date, with several instances of its Occurrence in 'The Chronology of History,' by Sir N. H. Nicolas, p. 117. The date of "Clean Lent," Pura Quadragesima, means that it is "to be reckoned from Quadragesima Sunday" (ibid., p. 118, note).

ED. MARSHALL.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (7th S. ii. 109).

I have seen how the pure intellectual fire, &c. PLATO's version of Tom Moore's lines improves the original neither in the wording, rhythm, nor sense. These are Moore's lines :

I felt how the pure, intellectual fire
In luxury loses its heavenly ray;
How soon, in the lavishing cup of desire,

The pearl of the soul may be melted away. The above are in a short poem headed Stanzas,' the first line of which is "A beam of tranquillity smil'd in the west." FREDK. RULE.

[Many correspondents supply the reference to Moore.]

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Richard Copley Christie.-Etienne Dolet, le Martyre de la Renaissance, sa Vie et sa Mort. Ouvrage traduit de l'Anglais, sous la Direction de l'Auteur, par Casimir Stryienski, Professeur Agrégé de l'Universite. (Paris, Fischbacher).

THAT a book involving researches so arduous and minute and results so remunerative as the Etienne Dolet' of Mr.

Richard Copley Christie would sooner or later be translated into French was scarcely to be doubted. Four years, accordingly, after the appearance of the original work a version which claims to be regarded as a revised and enlarged edition sees the light. Mr. Christie is known in his Etienne Dolet' to have enriched literature with a faithful picture of a singularly interesting being, of whom nothing better than a silhouette was previously obtainable. This accomplishment remains in its line unparalleled. That Mr. Christie's researches, productive

as these had already been, were still continued was known in the world of letters, and even better in that of bibliography, since the pursuit by Dolet's biographer of works issued from his press had rendered difficult the task of obtaining the slightest specimen of one of the result of these investigations is evident in the volume most interesting of the great printers of Lyons. The before us, which, besides being corrected and enlarged, in numberless places contains new matter of highest interest and value. An instance of this is afforded in the opening sentences of chap. xv., "The Printer." In hero, "His wife's name even has not come down to us. the original Mr. Christie says of the marriage of his I am, however, disposed to think, for reasons hereafter indicated, that she not improbably came from Troyes, and may have been related to Nicole Paris, the printer there." In a deed (une acte notarie) preserved in the archives at Lyons, prolonging an association existing in 1542 between Dolet and a certain Helayn Dulin, Mr. Christie has found the name of Dolet's wife, Louise Giraud. This, accordingly, in the translation is supplied. The name is unfortunately too common to lead to any identification of family, and Mr. Christie's theories as to her origin remain where they were.

The manner in

which, unpopular as he was with the master printers of Lyons, Dolet obtained money to establish his printing business is explained a few pages further on by the paper in question, which, with the exception of a few undecipherable words, is, as a foot-note, printed for the first time. A tribute to the services of Dolet as a grammarian, from the pen of Henri Estienne, the famous author of the 'Traité de la Conformité des Mervelles Anciennes avec les Modernes,' is a small but interesting addition. It occurs p. 343 of the translation. A long note, pp. 474-5, in answer to criticisms on the English Etienne Dolet,' by M. Douen, in the Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire du Protestantisme, adds a valuable chapter to the discussion on the religious opinions of Dolet. Mr. Christie retains his conviction that it was the esprit rationaliste by which Dolet was inspired, and that Protestantism was chiefly valuable to him as a protest in favour of comparative freedom of thought.

These are a few of the more important additions which are soon apparent. It is, however, in the valuable "Appendix Bibliographique that the results of the author's later labours are apparent. Three works printed by Dolet-Marot's translation of the Psalms, 1514, 16mo.; Alphabeticum Latinum,' 1540, 8vo.; and Maturinii Corderi de Corrupti Serm. Emendatione,' 8vo., 1541are now mentioned for the first time, while numerous others, previously unseen by Mr. Christie, have undergone personal collation. Of lists of works from the press of Dolet existing in France, the longest, that of M. Boulmier, includes only fifty-three. Mr. Christie's list extends to eighty-three works, of which all but sixteen have now undergone his investigation. Sixteen described in the original at second-hand have now been collated. It is pleasant in the case of a work which must necessarily be a standard in France, as since its appearance it has been in England, to say that it is in typographical respects one of the handsomest works issued from the Parisian press. To the possessor of the

English volume-and what student of French literature has it not it is an advantage that in spite of alteration the pages of the two works almost correspond. The translation of M. Stryienski is vigorous and exact.

Morley, Ancient and Modern. By William Smith. (Longmans & Co.)

WE are pleased with Mr. Smith's book, though in some respects he seems to have taken pains that we should not be. A severe critic might say that Morley, Ancient and Modern,' was not, in the true sense of the word, a book, but only the undigested materials out of which one might be made. There would be some truth in this. Mr. Smith has accumulated many interesting facts in his note-books, and has printed these memoranda, it would seem, without taking all the care that was needed to fit them for the press. When, however, new knowledge is given to us we are not concerned to cavil at the manner in which it is presented. Morley, though a village of unknown antiquity, has sprung into import ance in recent days. It is a borough of new creation, and like a human being who has recently been decorated with a title, Morley is proud of its well-merited honour. Though Mr. Smith fulfils the promise of his title-page, and gives his readers some information about ancient Morley, it may well be seen that his heart is not in the Plantagenet or Tudor times, but with the men and women of Morley who lived at the end of the last and the beginning of the present century, when the little village was growing into a place of importance. This is as it should be. The sources of information as to our feudal history will remain open; but if we do not gather from the lips of old men what were the state of life, the hopes and the feelings of our grandfathers, when railways were not and the steam engine but in its early youth, we shall lose much that is important for a due understanding of the present. The village carrier of the days that are on the eve of sinking into forgetfulness was, from one point of view, a more important person than Ilbert de Lacy, the first Norman owner of Morley. We can learn what is left us to know of Ilbert elsewhere, but of John Bradley, who "lived in the Hollow," of his neighbours and associates, we should have known nothing had not Mr. Smith collected fragments of their history. The kindly tone in which the author speaks of most of the persons he has occasion to notice is creditable alike to his heart and understanding. Those who know the Yorkshire towns best are well aware that beneath a hard and rough exterior the typical Yorkshireman is generous and kindly. We wish, however, Mr. Smith had been as able to see the good side of the characters of those of a more remote time as he is of the men and women whose lives may have overlapped his own. It is out of all perspective to speak of the companions of William, the great Norman duke, as "the bloodthirsty hordes who came over with the Conqueror." Many of the engravings with which this volume is illustrated are meritorious. Some few, however, are of a very inferior character. We wonder that Mr. Smith gave these a place in his pages. One has amused us. It is an engraving of a tinder-box, flint, and steel, the implements by aid of which fire was procured when lucifer matches were unknown. The circular metal tinder-box which he has represented was itself a modern innovation. The old tinder-box was an oblong utensil of wood, divided into two compartments. In one were kept the flint, steel, and matches, in the other was the tinder, carefully compressed by a wooden lid to hinder it from being

blown away.

Mr. Smith commonly writes good English, but now and then we come on one of those horrible forms of speech which set the reader's teeth on edge. We trust

Mr. Smith did not invent the word "parlable," which C2 occurs on p. 181. Reliable, dependable, and the rest of the suspicious gang which end in able, are none of them so hopelessly deformed as this.

By the decease of Mr. T. W. Moody, for many years instructor in decorative art at the South Kensington Museum, the career of an accomplished public servant has been closed. Mr. Moody, who was the younger son of a well-known Kentish clergyman, was educated at Eton and at Cambridge, leaving the university, however, without proceeding to a degree. Mr. Moody's Lectures and Lessons on Art' were published in 1873, and possess an interest for the general reader, independent of their professional value, from the extensive and accurate acquaintance of the author with his subject, which has chiefly to do with the art of the Renaissance. Although not a professional architect, Mr. Moody sent in a design for the Oratory at Brompton which was much admired, and, it is understood, was only rejected on account of its expensive and elaborate character. Mr. Moody for some time before his death had resigned his post at South Kensington from failing health. After much suffering. involving the gradual decay alike of bodily and mental faculties, he quietly passed away on August 10, aged

sixty-two.

Notices to Correspondents.

We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate."

MRS. LEWIS, of Devonshire House, Prince's Park, Liverpool, is anxious to know where she can find a complete scheme of the Peabody trust and the method of its administration. Full information is desired. "NICOLAS FERRAR" (7th S. i. 427). Capt. J. E. Acland - Troyte, Wraysbury, Staines, is especially anxious for information as to where copies of the patchwork books made by N. Ferrar at Little Gidding about 1640 can be seen.

J. W. ATKINSON ("Collar of SS.").-See N. & Q.,' 1" S. ii., iii., iv., v., vi., vii., viii., and x. passim; 3rd 3. viii., ix., and x. passim; 4th S. ii. 485; ix. 527; x. 93, 280; 6th S. ii. 225; iii. 86, 231.

M.A.Oxon (" Marrowbones and cleavers ").-The allusion to the rough music on these implements customary at butchers' weddings.

CLIO ("Horace or Horatio Smith "). - Horace is a familiar abbreviation of Horatio, and the change is analogous to that of Thomas Moore into Tom Moore. G. S. S.-The name of David's mother is unknown.

who decided the matter in favour of Smith (d, ii. 363). The comment on this has been that "he was a far better judge of music than men." Four years and six months after his death, tradition asserts he was brought from the Tower to the family vault in St. Mary, Aldermanbury, in a tumultuary way. We have already seen that he was a resident in Aldermanbury; but though the apprentices might have been riotous upon the occasion, no doubt regular permission had been duly procured by the friends of the family. Malcolm adds (e, ii. 137): "The sextoness informs me that she saw the coffin of this unpopular judge [1803] a few years past, in perfect preservation, covered with crimson velvet, and with gilt furniture."

This tradition of the parish has received curious confirmation, for in 1810 (b, vi. 113) a workman employed to repair the church of St. Mary discovered his remains in a vault, with the name of the Chancellor Jefferys on a plate upon the lid of the coffin. Still, as the sextoness had personally seen it before 1803, the discovery of 1810 can only be called the rediscovery in a manner that made it more public.

Mr. Henry Roscoe (c, 135) makes a strange remark in his life of the man; that "to affix to his polluted name an additional stigma, &c., is an office grateful to humanity." Let us leave Mr. Roscoe to extract for himself all the honey that can be distilled from a sentiment so poisonous, and rather let us introduce into the black shadows of this Rembrantesque character some of the high lights that may relieve it somewhat and draw it back, if possible, within the pale of humanity.

Amongst other things it is said of him that his decisions from the bench were often very just. He could see the points of a case intellectually with perfect clearness so long as his passions were unexcited and the coarse violence of his will unstirred. His prejudices as to matters of Church and State appear to have been uncontrollable. His partisanship of the Crown, coupled as it was with his own personal interest, appears, when once aroused, to have obtained the imperial domination of his entire soul. It is quite possible that in those days of sternly fixed principles (whether of angry republicanism on the one hand or devout constitutional loyalty on the other, it matters not a whit which), a coarseminded man of gross habit and tastes like Jefferys, having once thrown his fortunes and success in life into either scale, would determine all questions brought before him by their immediate tendency to further the side of his adoption. He would settle it much as a sportsman settles the questions of hunting and shooting and fishing. You can have no sport without killing; the game, so far as such a man can see, belongs to the landlord, and death is an inseparable part of the sport. You must not talk to him about cruelty; what is death

to the animal is sport to him. When a dissenter, a papist recusant, or a trimmer" was put up before Judge Jefferys' eyes, justice, law, and equity disappeared from his mind-old Reynard must be run to death. It is not every man can be so oblivious as this to all the nobler dictates of our nature; but a master-passion, once he is enslaved by it, constantly blinds a man whose faculties may otherwise be of an order naturally high. You see it in Richelieu and Napoleon; in lawyers and in sportsmen; and it is even discernible in authors who ride too long upon a theory. Adam Smith, for instance, the philosopher of commerce-if such a thing as commerce can have a philosophy at all-can study money as the equivalent symbol of wealth until, in his Wealth of Nations,' he starts a set of principles, darkly seen, that land him finally in oblivion of the commonwealth of nations and the sober happiness of man.*

With Jefferys we must not forget that some impulses were good and strong, and that once they were uppermost in his mind he stood to them with a courage that better men often fall from. At considerable personal risk he strove to put down the iniquitous practices of Bristol, in which even the mayor and aldermen took part-that of sending petty culprits abroad as slaves for profit (e, │ii. 137); and when the king wished him to change his faith to Romanism (f, viii. 253)-much as he was interlinked with the fortunes of the Crown by interest, and great as was the hatred he had excited by the brutal terrorism with which he had supported it, which left him actually with no defence but the king's friendship-still could he not be induced to budge one inch to satisfy his Majesty in this particular. After such crimes committed a resolution such as this seems absurd; but it is not so-it forms part and parcel of that skin - enfolded bundle of inconsistent elements called man, regarded as logician or moralist.

Jefferys is a man of strong nature, whose unreasonableness is his strength, and whose strength

taken of me.

*The prayer, or rather thanksgiving, of Hearne the antiquary is a curious parallel instance of the strength of the ruling passion in a literary man. Absorption in one line of thought seems to destroy the mental perspective which gives to all external objects their relative size and due importance in the individual mind. This thanksgiving ran as follows: "O most gracious and merciful Lord God, wonderful in Thy providence: I return all possible thanks to Thee, for the care Thou hast always stances of this Thy providence, and in one act yesterday, I continually meet with most signal inwhen I unexpectedly met with three old MSS., for which in a particular manner I return my thanks." This gratitude to Providence for a few morsels of frowsy old scrip, which if not heaven to him, was at least Paradise, may furnish the most comical of commentaries upon the text that where your "treasure is there will your heart be also." It is quite as quaint as the Suffolk countryman's prayer for "a piece of streaky bacon."