which he refers in another place. In the third part we are introduced to Mrs. Glasse, Ude, and Soyer; and in the fourth are treated to another list of miscellaneous works relating to cookery. The concluding chapters deal with the "Diet of the Yeomen and the Poor," "Meats and Drinks," "The Kitchen," "Meals," and the "Etiquette of the Table." On the whole we must pronounce it to be a disappointing book; it is neither a bibliography of cookery books nor a history of cookery. But though comparatively useless as a book of reference, it will doubtless be read with interest by the general reader, who, provided the style be interesting and the matter entertaining, is thoroughly indifferent as to whether the subject is exhaustively treated or not. To him, therefore, we commend this little volume, with the assurance that he will not find its pages dull should his taste lie in the direction of the kitchen and the progress of the culinary art. IN the Fortnightly Mr. Burnand and Mr. Arthur à Beckett-and who so likely as they?-begin what promises to prove an interesting account of History in Punch.' A second article has the curious title of Novelists and their Patrons,' the last word signifying readers. As was to be expected, most of the contributions are political.-To the Nineteenth Century Mr. Leopold Katscher supplies Taine: a Literary Portrait,' in which Taine the writer is elevated above Taine the anatomist or the philosopher. Dr. G. Vance Smith writes on Revision of the Bible,' and Mr. E. C. Salmon, under the head What the Working Classes Read,' deals largely with daily and weekly journals, with the religious magazines and the penny novelettes.-Mr. Saintsbury sends to Macmillan a brilliant paper on Christopher North.' Under the head of A Christening in Karpathos' Mr. J. Theodore Bent gives a further contribution to our knowledge of the Grecian archipelago. Mr. Burroughs writes on The Literary Value of Science.'-In the Cornhill is a good description of China Town in San Francisco.' With it are given the continuation of Mr. Haggard's striking story Jean,' and 'Work for Idle Hands,' by the author of John Halifax, Gentleman.'-Mr. Phil. Robinson writes in the Gentleman's on‘Snakes in Poetry,' and Mr. Alfred Bailey on Novelists' Law.'-To Longman's Mr. Richard A. Proctor sends one of his characteristic papers on Luck its Laws and Limits,' Mr. Prothero writes on Oliver Wendell Holmes,' and Mr. Lang continues his At the Sign of the Ship.'-The English Illustrated has some pleasant memories of Charles Kingsley and Eversley,' and an excellently illustrated paper on 'Modern Falconry.' The illustrations maintain the high standard previously reached.-Red Dragon has Readings in Rhys's "Celtic Britain," and Mrs. Thrale.' CASSELL'S Encyclopædic Dictionary is carried in Part XXX. from "Endemical" to "Estrangement." The comprehensiveness of the scheme may be tested by a reference to the word "English" and its combinations, and the manner of execution is shown in words such as "Enthusiasm," ," "Equation,"" Escutcheon," and in numberless words in scientific use commencing in "En" or Epe."-The first volume of Greater London, by Mr. Walford, concludes in Part XII., which carries the reader from Waltham and the River Lea to the East and West India Docks, to Millwall, Limehouse, and Barking. The northern circuit of London is thus completed.Part XVIII. of Our Own Country finishes with Cambridge, of which some good views are given, and depicts Gloucester and Tewkesbury. The principal view is of King's College.-Egypt, Descriptive, Historical, and Picturesque, enters in Part XV. into social life, and, besides giving a view of a Country Drive of the Khedive,' has a comic representation of the tribulations of English travellers with the donkey boys. The concluding scenes of Measure for Measure and the opening scenes of The Comedy of Errors' are included in Part VI. of the Illustrated Shakespeare. The opening design to the latter play is dramatic.Part X. of the History of India has views in the Himalayas and pictures of combats; and Part XI. of Gleanings from Popular Authors a selection from Hood, Southey, Lover, and other writers.-Under the title of Mistress June' Messrs. Cassell have published a specially attractive and well-illustrated summer number of Cassell's Family Magazine. MR. FREDERICK ARNOLD is about to publish, through Mr. Elliot Stock, an illustrated History of Streatham.' The volume will also give an account of the parish of Estreham and the manors of Tooting Bec, Leigham, and Balham, Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate." J. J. FAHIE, Teheran.-Reflections upon Polygamy,' &c., by "Phileleutherus Dubliniensis," is by Patrick Delancy, D.D., an Irish divine of humble origin, who became Dean of Down, wrote many works, principally theological, and died in Bath in 1768.-The best dictionaries of anonymous and pseudonymous literature, so far as English works are concerned, are the 'Dictionary of Anonymous, &c., Literature' of Halkett and Laing (Edinburgh, Paterson), 3 vols. (a fourth to come), and Cushing's Initials and Pseudonyms' (Sampson Low & Co.). BARLYMAN. For an explanation of this word see "Burley man "in Halliwell's Dictionary' and 'N. & Q.,' 5th S. vi. 307, 439. stitute, at this reference, the word version for "work." S. J. H. ("Nearness of the Sun to the Earth").Scientific questions, except when bearing on literary or historical subjects, are outside our province. P. 16, col. 1, 1. 26.-MR. GANTILLON desires to sub G. F. CROWDY ("God save the Queen").-See 1 S. ii. 71; 2nd S. ii. 60, 96, 137, 334, 396; iii. 79, 137, 177, 412, 428; iv. 167; vi. 18, 475; vii. 63, 180, 227; x, 301; 3rd S. iv. 417; 5th S. v. 342, 437; x. 126. E. COBHAM BREWER (The Brownie of St. Paul's ').The question Who is the author of this poem? was asked 7th S. i. 188, and remains unanswered. BREMENIENSIS.-Both communications received. One shall appear. V. W. ("Handicap ").-See 1st S. xi, 384, 434, 491. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries "Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 22, Took's Court, Cursitor Street, Chancery Lane, E.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 17, 1886. NOTES:-Execution of Lords Kilmarnock and Balmerino, 41 -Effects of English Accent-Jervaulx Abbey, 42-Letter to Tavern Sign, 44-Leslie and Sacheverell-Mottoes in Books, 45-Johnsoniana-Lot-Bell Inscription-Curious Epitaph- Inn Sign-Snoreham-Best on Record, 46. QUERIES:-New English Dictionary'- Tessard-Basto- Ghost of Miltiades-Founder of the Primrose League, 47- John Smith-St. James's Bazaar-Four Spells-Cathe- Monmouth, 43-Public-house-Plou- Llan--The Rose a devoted to it, and the left-hand lower corner being torn off, I have supplied the beginnings of two lines conjecturally. The last word is complete, but I am doubtful how it should be read. This and other doubtful passages are denoted by [ ]. "with a Guard & attend by their Ministers one of they pulled off the lath and plaistering to let the Rooms for people to see & beside all this it being a fair day the Tower Hill which is of a large Compass was so full of people that as I stood on the Scaffold which was abt 9 ft from the ground it appeard a place covered close with Heads some Gentlemen makes observation of the vast NOTES ON BOOKS:-Dictionary of National Biography,' Vol. VII Yeatman's Domesday Book for Derby'. Farrar's Index to Gentleman's Magazine'-Estcourt and THE EXECUTION OF LORDS KILMARNOCK The following is a fragment (all I have) of an This fragment consists of three parts, A, B, C, written on half a sheet of foolscap paper folded to form a letter of four pages. P. 1 contains the letter itself, leaving about a third of the page, which was devoted to C; p. 2 was origin- ally left blank; p. 3 contained the direction of the letter, and these two pages are now quite filled by B; p. 4, originally left blank, has been utilized for A, which does not quite fill the page, we went unmolested by the Scaffold hung with Black Cloath through a passage hung with the [ame] to the Rooms allotted one for each Lord & his friends and a Sheriff were they prayd & conversed I was in the Room with Earl Kilmarnock & his friends & Mr Foster the decenting minister & Mr Sherif Blachford but the Scene was so dismal it forced Tears from the beholders it sunk my sprits that I moved out & went on the Scaffold to wonder at the strange sight of spectators Kilmarnock being an Earl was to be executed first but whether he expected a reprieve which his friends had labour'd for without success or that he was faint Hearted we cant tell but he delayed the Time from past 10 to near 12 & sent to speak with [and] desired of Lord Belmerino to Dye first he answer'd no Kilmarnock it is your place but die with Courage Kilmarnock Coffins was sett on each side the Block on the scaffold on the Earls was aged 42 years & on the Lords 58 the block was a piece of Elm abt 2 ft long 1 ft 3in thick and abt 1 ft 8in high Shaped out for the chin on the surface of the block which was left in the shap- & M.E. norture, was originally nor-i-ture, as in Old after the first Stroke. Kilmarnock seemed very low C. "We are not acquainted with the Destiny of the Earl Cromarty some say he is only Reprieved till his Lady is brought [to] bed but what I know of it is that his name was in the Dead Warrant with the other 2 but the King struck it out with a dashing or drawing the pen through it wch when brought to LChancel to affix the Seal to it he wanted to know what that stroke cross the name signifyd was answ" by one from Secretary of States Office that His Majesty had done it with his own hand & he was not to be Executed by virtue of that Writ or Wart so it was sealed and sent to the Sheriffs Office." EFFECTS OF THE ENGLISH ACCENT. (Continued from 7th 8. i. 483.) No. IV. I have now only to add that the effect of accent on trisyllabic words, accented on the first syllable, is occasionally to cut out the middle syllable. This is extremely common in placenames, as in the familiar examples of Glo'ster for Glou-ces-ter, Lei'ster for Lei-ces-ter, Len'ster for Leo-min-ster, Dai'ntry for Daventry, &c. Similarly fourteen-night has been reduced to fort'night, and fore-castle to fo'c'sle. A large number of such cases would never, perhaps, be suspected. Thus nurture, middle syllable, giving ach'ment, or, as it is usually misspelt, hatchment. There was once a word of four syllables, viz., withdrawing-room, in which, by the strong stress on the second syllable, the initial syllable has been absolutely lost. If we pronounce withdrawing-room aloud and forcibly, the weakness of the first syllable is very remarkable. This is how we came by the modern drawing-room. I believe I have now said enough to show all the principal results of the force of the English accent. WALTER W. SKEAT. JERVAULX ABBEY, IN WENSLEYDALE. - The attention of capitalists has been drawn to an investment offered by the proposed sale of the property in North Yorkshire on which Jervaulx Abbey is situated, which was to be submitted to competition at the auction mart on July 6. The estate is a remarkably fine and extensive one, of 10,002 acres, having a rental, as it is stated, of 10,6611. per annum, and lies chiefly in the valley of the Yore.* Though in former volumes of N. & Q.' there have appeared from my pen several accounts of Wensleydale and its beautiful scenery and antiquities, in which Jervaulx Abbey has not been forgotten, yet some additional information in connexion with it may at this time prove acceptable and interesting. The abbey was founded in 1156, increasing in importance and wealth until it fell at the dissolution of the monasteries in 1536, and in the following year Adam Sedbar, the last of its abbots, * 4th S. x. 131; xii. 257; 6th S. ii. 121, 210; x. 184. ing summer, on account of the badness of the roads. He further purposed to let the house stand during the winter, because the shortness of the days would make the cost of pulling it down double. What are they now? The eternal hills survive; Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. LETTER TO MONMOUTH.-In the collections of papers and memoranda of Sir Joseph Banks which I recently acquired I find, in the handwriting of Sir Joseph, a copy of the following letter: "Lord Powis has the following Letter of the Dutchess of Portsmouth framed in his Library, and sign'd by a Lord Pembrooke for a genuin Coppy : mouth, to the Duke of Monmouth, wrote in y year 1679. "A Copy of a letter from the Dutchess of Ports The once beautiful and famous abbey was almost razed to the ground, merely a few mounds and walls indicating its site, whilst underwood and briars grew in rank luxuriance. This continued from the time of the Dissolution until 1805, when the Earl of Ailesbury, to whom it belonged, gave orders for the whole of the ruins to be cleared out, which was afterwards most efficiently done, and the whole ground plan of the abbey exposed. The advertisement in the Daily News of May 24 observes, "the venerable ruins of the abbey form one of the most interesting relics of antiquity in the kingdom, the ground plan being most complete, inasmuch as the site of the abbey church, with its "MY LORD DUKE-I did send Mr. Rumball the genaisles, choir, and transepts, the chapter house, tleman of my Horse to y' Grace, to let you know I should abbot's house, refectory, cloisters, and other offices, be glad to speak to your Grace. But that if you were can all be easily and distinctly identified." The unwilling to come to my Lodgings as thinking it might length of the abbey church was 270 feet, and it do you hurt, because at this time I am you say so bated contained seven altars. One of the most interest-by the people-that then I would meet you privately any where else. But since you are not afraid to come to ing features in the ruin is the collection of sepul- me I will speak to you very freely and assure you that chral slabs, and in front of the high altar is an whatever you may think I was not the person that did effigy of Lord Fitzhugh in link mail, though much persuade ye King either to take away your Commission mutilated. or to send you beyond Sea. I will not denie that I did not know of it, for then you would not think of me as indeed I am, a woman very sincere-since the King loves me s well as to tell me everything he intends to doe, and when he did tell me his resolution to take away your Commission and banish you-I must Confess in my Judgement I did not disapprove of it, for I have thought a great while you did the Kings bussiness much hurt by your Countenancing such ill Men as my Lord Shaftesbury, my Lord Bedford, my Lord Russell, and Mr. Mountague-but however I would not trust wholly to my poor Judgement-I did therefore desire the King to ask the opinion of his Ministers, Viz: my Lord Essex, my Lord Hallifax, and my Lord Sunderland, all of them my good friends and ye best Subjects ye King ever had. But the King told me it was their advice to him and they that first put it into his head, and that they did not doubt but I would approve of it. It was a very great satisfaction to me to see so many wise men of my opinion and who ever since have made it appear to me how much this may be (if yr Grace doe please) for your good-for it may make the Duke of York and I much kinder to you-when we shall see you doe not sett y' self against me and him. nor encourage your Friends in the next Sessions of Parliament either to meddle with me or y Succession as they did very foolishly in the last-for my part my Lord Duke if when you return you will live towards me as I doe desire I do promise you I will be very kind to you-and had not you all this time lived very coldly and unfriendly to me I would have made you Whitaker, in his 'Richmondshire,' gives a list of the twenty-three abbots of the house, from Johannes de Kingston to Adam Sedbar, though four are wanting from the list, and in Middleham Church, but a short distance from Jervaulx, may yet be seen in an upright position against the wall of the belfry the slab which once covered the remains of Robert Thornton, its twenty-second abbot. In Aysgarth Church, further up the dale, is a fine screen, brought from the abbey, upon which are the initials A. S., those of the last abbot, Adam Sedbar; and in use for the reading desk is a stall, on which is carved "a hazel bush fructed, growing out of a tun"--a rebus on the name of William Heslington, or Hazleton, the twenty-first abbot. On the Dissolution Henry VIII. granted the abbey to Matthew Stewart, Earl of Lennox, the father of Henry, Lord Darnley, the second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, and it would be interesting to know through how many and through what families it has passed before coming into that of the Marquis of Ailesbury. Most probably the greater portion of the estate consists of lands once belonging to the abbey, which is situated on the banks of the river Yore amidst some lovely sylvan scenery. But whoever may become the proprietor, it is to be hoped that the ruins may be as well cared for as they have been by the present noble owner, who has, in addition, always afforded every opportunity for their inspection to the public. The following beautiful lines aptly describe the present condition of Jervaulx and its surroundings : Latin sapphics by a friend :-- Quo vetus splendor? Superest perennis Hæc Dei fecit manus. At virorum the greatest man in England next ye Duke of York-for I am sure I have some credit with the King, as you may see by what I have done for my Lord Sunderland whom the King never had a good opinion of till I recommend'd him. You see I have made my Lord Hallifax an Earle upon his application to me when he had been ten years about it and could not get it done, and the King was pleas'd to make my Lord Essex a Commissioner of the Treasury though he had design'd it for Lord Arlington -they have all engag'd themselves to be very industrious in my bussiness, and to find out a Considerable Estate for the Duke of Richmond-the King hath always promis'd me and I hope he will keep his word and be as true to me as I have been to him ever since I gave my Self to him-that no body shall come into Court or preferment without they be those that are my friends-and those that will not-I will not-I am resolved to shut the door against them. You may think my Lord Duke that I am afraid of the Parliament that is coming. But you are much deceiv'd-if they dare to name me you will quickly find what will become of them. I thank God I have a good Conscience and fear nothing-the King of England loves me the King of France has promised to support me. I am a kin to most of the Sovereign Princes as you may see by my being Oblig'd to goe into Mourning for them, so that I must have ill luck if they cannot defend me against 4 or 500 dirty Country fellows who are my Enemies only because they are not acquainted with meand if the worst comes to the worst, I am secure of a retreat in France. I am, "My Lord Duke, &c.'" GEORGE ELLIS. widely employed than "theatre," it is highly probable that in colloquial conversation "public playhouse" and "private playhouse" narrowed down into "public house" and "private house." Indeed, we have some very good evidence presented us in favour of this hypothesis in the induction to Marston's tragedy The Malcontent' (1604). The Tireman is represented as making effort to remove certain individuals on the stage, who are supposed to constitute part and parcel of the audience; upon which Sly, acting as spokesman on their behalf, remonstrates with, "Why we may sit upon the stage at the private house." Assuming, therefore, that the term "public house" was in daily use in reference to the theatre, what more rational than to infer that the inn associated with it enjoyed the same designation? Old customs die hard. Once so applied and accepted by the masses, and we can quite well see how the phrase clung in cant fashion to the inn or tavern long after the public theatre had ceased to be a recognized institution. In passing, it may be noted that the publican of the New Testament has no tangible connexion whatsoever with this subject. Possibly there may be those who will reckon all this mere midsummer madness; but it is for them, in disallowing my conjecture, to point to a time when the phrase "public house" could otherwise have possessed a distinctive and literal approW. J. LAWRENCE. Newcastle, co. Down. PLOU-LLAN-. PUBLIC-HOUSE. Why, it might well be asked, is a tavern called a public-house? There is some-priateness. thing remarkably peculiar about the application of this popularly accepted term, because, viewed in its literalness-say with the eye of a languagePassing lately through a imbibing foreigner-the phrase is comprehensive market, I saw a stack of boxes of imported fruit, enough, in all conscience, to include every place upon each of which was branded one of the wherein a retail business is pursued. Seeing that Armorican place-names with the prefix of "Plou-," a sort of undefined affinity has heretofore existed and was thereby reminded of the remarkable between tavern and theatre (betraying itself in parallel frequency of this prefix to names in Britcunningly exhibited day-bills and window-lithos), tany and that of "Llan-" in Wales, seeming to inA little it would, mayhap, be entirely in keeping with the dicate some close analogy of cause. eternal fitness of things if it could be shown that consideration led me to think that the two words, the term on the tapis had a distinctly theatrical although so unlike, are nevertheless positively origin. This I apprehend to be a matter of little identical, but first reduced to writing by two sepaor no difficulty. Students of the drama will rated branches of one race. The initial"Pl" fairly readily remember that in the days of Shakspeare represents an approach to the force of "Ll" as still two essentially different kinds of theatres obtained, current in Wales, whilst one of the most prominent respectively denominated "the public" and "the differences of the Breton orthography from that of private." The many disparities between the two Wales seems to be the frequent softening and which evoked this distinction have been treated sometimes the total melting-out of the consonants at length by Mr. J. Payne Collier in his 'Annals in the Breton. Thus it has "Barzas Breiz" for of the Stage'; but it will suffice now briefly to say "British Bards," and although I have now at hand that the private theatre was a detached building no Breton Dictionary or other books, I believe the especially erected for, and entirely devoted to, n often passes into u. Of this perhaps Constantia dramatic performances, which were produced for Coutances may be a sufficient example. The the delectation of a high-class audience, whereas vowel o=a may be left to take care of itself. the public theatre was generally set up in an inn THOMAS KERSLAKE. yard, and had for its patrons the lower strata of society. Now, as contemporary plays and pamphlets go to show that the term "playhouse" was more = THE ROSE AS A TAVERN SIGN. de la Rose, n'est pas une idée printainière et poétique, "Ce nom fréquent donné aux hôtelleries, d'auberge elle vient évidemment d'une locution ancienne; sub rosa, |