evidently by the use of some stone implement, a laborious process, as may well be imagined. A good illustration of this method of wood cutting can be seen in a log which I collected in one of the best preserved rooms of Bear House.

The second ruin of Palatki is built in a cavern of the same cliff, 70 feet across, and is totally covered by a projecting roof of overhanging rock. Its front wall is much broken, but enough remains to show that the rooms were in two series, one behind the other, and that at one time it was three stories high. There were six inclosures in each series, indicative of three stories in each, of eighteen rooms, the habitation of probably 30 persons. Such walls as were standing were of well-laid masonry smoothly plastered and were tolerably well preserved.

Excavations were attempted on a small scale in both the Red Houses, and numerous objects characteristic of cliff people were dug from the débris on the floor. Fragments of basketry, stone implements, woven fabrics of cotton cloth, and ropes of agave fiber were found in several Even fireplaces could be readily discovered, and in the ashes of that in a central room I found a fireboard identical with those now used to kindle fire in a New Fire ceremony at Walpi. In a niche near by there was a section of a large reed, closed at one end by an internode, and with a wad of cotton in the open end. It has been suggested, with great probability of truth, that this was a slow match for conserving a light after fire had been obtained by the fire drill. The specimens of cotton cloth were finely woven, in one case ornamented with an open mesh, an art in weaving still retained among Pueblo Indians.

Want of water and other practical difficulties made it impossible for me to carry on extensive excavations commensurate with the possibilities of discovery which these ruins present. There was unfortunately no available spring near these ruins, and we were obliged to bring drinking water from a long distance. The indications, however, are that this difficulty could be minimized, or if excavation of these promising ruins were undertaken at the proper season the supply of water and fodder for horses would be sufficient for all requirements.

Passing by several smaller cliff houses which I discovered in the Red Rock country, we may tarry for a few lines descriptive of the largest ruin of this region, to which I have given the name Honanki. The existing remains of this ruin show that it was a rambling row of twostoried houses extending for an eighth of a mile along the foot of a cliff, culminating in a large communal house, built in an extensive cavern with overhanging roof. Evidently this was a populous pueblo, large enough to accommodate at least 300 people, about the same population as Walpi today. Although there was good evidence that Honauki had been visited by other white men before us, we search in vain in archæological literature for even a mention of this prehistoric village. Fortunately enough of the structure rema the finished

character of the masonry, and the large

oms. In