a copy for the Editor's acceptance, to illustrate my further observation as to the utility and interest attaching to printed collections of churchyard inscriptions. Every parish might have its printed collection of inscriptions. It only needs a single person in each parish. The time and cost at which it might be done are quite trifling compared with that of printing registers. Yet these parish memorials contain a great deal of local history not to be found elsewhere; and many of them are of intrinsic interest. And still more to the purpose, these stone registers perish faster than even parchment or paper ones. Of course some (as of Eastry, Kent, &c.) have been printed, but comparatively very few. A list of printed churchyard inscriptions would be useful. Even a MS. collection deposited in the parish chest would be better than none. I have done this for three or four par maldi, parishes. D. J. Sprimore Rd Hon TENIFICATION (8th S. x509)-A proposal for the unification of London by the fusion of the City and the metropolis was met by a proposal for the creation of ten municipal boroughs in the metropolis, and to this proposal the slang term "tenification" was naturally applied. QUEEN'S HEAD UPSIDE DOWN (8th S. xi. 424, 476).-I was once gravely informed that a stamp stuck on upside down means a kiss sent to the receiver of the letter. I had never heard this previously, but have since been told the same thing in quite a different part of the country. Is there any other language of the envelope known? Board of Trade ERROLL SHERSON. I have always understood that a stamp so placed on a letter meant that the writer desired to send the receiver a kiss, and this interpretation is so much pleasanter that I shall continue to believe in it, to the exclusion of any disagreeable meaning. Some people prefer to see miseries in everything. THOMAS. RALPH 13. Clifford's Imm To put & stamp on aslant used to mean a kiss for the person addressed. Joseph Knigh. I. • H,, THREATENED INVASION OF ENGLAND IN 1803 (8th S. xi. 427).-The muster rolls of the volunteers of 1803, including, I suppose, those wished for by MR. LAWSON, are at the Public Record Office, London received there from the War Office, J. B. 29 Gred St. AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (8h S. xi. 469). For merit lives from man to man, Tennyson, in the prefatory poem to In Memoriam.' Ecclesfield, the Soon the shroud shall lap thee fast, And the sleep be on thee cast That shall ne'er know waking. E. G. A. 19a Bedford Circus, Exeler. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Dictionary of National Biography. Edited by Sidney Lee. Vol. LI. (Smith, Elder & Co.) THE fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography' stands conspicuous and pre-eminent in enshrining the life of William Shakspeare, which is, naturally, the longest and most important of the work. his life the editor has reserved to himself. It occupies a little less than fifty pages, and is a model of conciseness, judgment, and sanity. So emphatically is it all this, that those in search of facts instead of collateral information and conjecture may be advised to study it, and not go further afield. It is, naturally, impossible for us, in the small space at our disposal, to indicate the lines, even, on which it is written. We can but deal with a few points on which Mr. Lee speaks with an openness and a weight of authority that should put at rest the questions with which he deals. To take, for instance, what is of far more importance than the question as to how far rumours or assertions concerning the life in the works accredited to him, we find Mr. Lee speaking of the dramatist are credible or trustworthy-his share out trumpet-tongued. With regard to the three parts of King Henry VI.,' Mr. Lee asserts that criticism has proved beyond doubt that in them Shakspeare "did no In the first part are assigned to Shakspeare the famous more than add, revise, and correct other men's work." scene of the roses in the Temple Gardens, the dying speech of Mortimer, and perhaps the wooing of Margaret is traced at some length; the humours of Jack Cade by Suffolk. The growth of the second and third parts in the first part of The Contention betwixt the two Famous Houses of Yorke and Lancaster' can only Mr. Lee says, "The three chief characters, the King, "owe their savour to him." Concerning Henry VIII.' Queen Katharine of Aragon, and Cardinal Wolsey, bear clear marks of Shakespeare's best workmanship; but only Act I. sc. i., Act II. sc. iii. and iv. (Katharine's trial), Act III. sc. ii. (except 11, 204-460), Act V. sc. i., can, on either aesthetic or metrical ground, be assigned to him." The remaining thirteen scenes "are from the pen of Fletcher, perhaps with occasional aid from Massinger." Wolsey's familiar farewell to Cromwell "is undoubtedly by Fletcher." There seems to be reason for belief, Mr. Lee holds, that Shakspeare's associate in writing Timon of Athens' was George Wilkins, the author of The Miseries of Enforced Marriage.' Wilkins may, at least, "safely be credited with portions of Pericles," to which play Shakspeare contributed only Acts III. and V. and parts of Act IV. No less interesting and important is what is said concerning certain of the doubtful plays. What is stated concerning Shakspeare's imitation of Marlowe in Richard III.' and 'Richard II.' should be carefully studied, as should the opinion expressed concerning Titus Andronicus.' Mr. Lee will not have it that the Mr. W. H. of the Sonnets is the Earl of Pembroke, holding that the object of the dedication was probably some friend of Thorpe, through whose good offices the manuscript of the poems had reached his hands." The key to the sonnets is found, it is said, in Sonnet cxliv. The difficulties attending Shakspeare's financial prosperity, on which some of the most extravagant of conjectures have been based, "have been exaggerated." "Gifts from patrons may have continued to occasionally augment Shakespeare's rewards, but his wealth can be satisfactorily assigned to better attested agencies." On the question of the spelling of the name Mr. Lee finds "no good cuse for abandoning the form which is sanctioned by legal and literary custom." With the Bacon-Shakspeare craze Mr. Lee does not concern himself in the body of his biography, relegating it judiciously to the closing note. We see no shortcoming in the whole, and no respect in which it could profitably be altered. In the same volume as Mr. Lee's Shakspeare appears the Sir Walter Scott of Mr. Leslie Stephen, a biography of only inferior importance. Little that is new is left to be said concerning Sir Walter. The most pregnant sentences in the biography are these: "Scott will be Beverely judged by critics who hold, with Carlyle, that an author should be a prophet. Scott was neither a Wordsworth nor a Goethe, but an 'Auld Wat' come again, and forced by circumstances to substitute publishing for cattle lifting. The sword was still intrinsically superior in his eyes to the pen." To many noble aspects of Scott Mr. Stephen does ample justice. We ourselves are disposed to put his literary achievement in a position immeasurably higher than is here assigned it. Among literary lives, that of Selden is by Sir Edward Fry; Shadwell, by Mr. Aitken; Selwyn, by Mr. Fraser Rae; Settle, by Mr. Seccombe; Anna Seward, by Miss Lee; Sedley, by Prof. Ward. Other lives we are compelled, by conditions of space, for once to omit. The Bibliographer's Manual of Gloucestershire Literature. By Francis Adams Hyett, B.A., and the Rev. William Bazeley, M.A. 3 vols. (Gloucester, Bellows.) Nor easy is it to over-estimate the services rendered to bibliography by those who accomplish work such as that before us. But little disposed are our best-known bibliographers to undertake the painful and all but unremuherated drudgery involved in the compilation of books such as those of Brunet, Quérard, or Lowndes. They prefer, naturally, to dally with incunabula and manuscripts, and with the origins generally of book-forms and illustrations. For one man able and willing to continue the task of Lowndes there are a dozen ready to pursue The labours of Hain, Panzer, and Maittaire. It may be doubted, even, whether any really important national bibliographical work will be accomplished either by individuals or societies. Under these conditions it is well to have local bibliographies, which at least serve a definite and recognizable purpose, and will also lighten graver labours should such ever be attempted. Special appeal is made, as is said, to two classes of readers-students of local histories and collectors of topographical books. Together these constitute an important, though not, perhaps, the most interesting section of bookbuyers. It is natural for those not otherwise absorbed in books to be interested in their own immediate surroundings. In the case of local worke, moreover, there is a chance for the collector of approaching completeness, which in more general or more important branches is hopeless to the man with the best opportunities and the longest purse. It is not pretended that the bibliography is complete. It is, however, extensive, and in advance of anything that many counties can boast. The arrangement of the work is perhaps a little complex. It is, none the less, convenient in many respects, and offers, when the scheme is understood, few difficulties. The first Volume is occupied with the county and city of Gloucester, the third with the city of Bristol. Vol. II., mean time, gives other places in alphabetical order, the order of books throughout being, as in Cotton's Typographical Gazetteer,' that of date of appearance. In connexion with Bristol, accordingly, the earliest volume mentioned under the head of "Works relating to the City" and the section of "General Literature" bears date 1575, and has a title beginning, "The Whole Order howe oure Soveraigne Ladye Queene Elizabeth was receyued into the Citie of Bristow," &c. Cotton meanwhile, it may be stated-who is now, of course, out of date-mentions no work printed in Bristol earlier than 1642-in his first volume 1643. 1642 is the earliest date in the case of many places in Gloucestershire, the Parliamentarians beginning at that time to boast of the triumphs won by Waller over the Royalist forces. There is no temptation to dwell further upon the methods of Messrs. Hyett and Bazeley, nor the limitations they have imposed upon themselves, all of which can be conveniently studied in their preface. Their work is ample, and, so far as we have been able to verify it, trustworthy and admirably executed. A copy of Jenkins's Memoirs of the Bristol Stage," "Printed at Bristol by W. H. Somerford, 1826," now before us, has a plate, which is not mentioned, of Miss O'Neill as Belvidera. This is probably inserted. For the rest, the work has an index of authors and a list of Bristol printers. Many pages are, naturally, devoted to Chattertoniana. The Dies Ira. By the Rev. C. F. S. Warren, M.A. Part I. The Hymn. (Skeffington & Son.) MR. WARREN, whose name is pleasantly and happily familiar to readers of N. & Q.,' has spent many years. in compiling a history of this noble hymn and a list of versions, English and American. This he now issues in a volume sure to commend itself scholars. Should its reception be such as is hoped-and, we will add, merited -it will be followed by a second, supplying, in extenso, owned, will lead to much repetition, and to not a little the versions Mr. Warren has accumulated. This, it is bad writing. The plan has, however, it is justly held, an interest of its own, and the bymnologist, who will will wait with some eagerness for its continuation. At extend a warm welcome to Mr. Warren's erudite volume, the outset the author thought that his work would sions have, however, multiplied until they reach some not extend far beyond the limits of a pamphlet. Verhundreds. Even now the list is not supposed to be exhaustive. The earliest English version discovered is the French of Guillaume de Salluste, better known as that of Joshua Sylvester, and is itself a rendering from Du Bartas; the second by the Catholic poet Richard Crashaw, of the Steps to the Temple.' A rendering is in Patrick Carey's Trivial Poems and Triolets,' edited by Sir Walter Scott. Goethe, it is known, introduced the hymn into Faust,' and Justin Korner into Die Wahninnigen Bruder,' while Scott himself brings the two opening lines into The Lay of the Last Minstrel.' Very interesting is Mr. Warren's history of the hymn, in which these and innumerable other details are given. It is as a monumental piece of criticism that the volume is to be specially commended. In this respect it is sure to be a favourite with scholars, Johnsonian Miscellanies. Edited by George Birkbeck Hill, D.C.L. 2 vols. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.) WORTHY of special welcome are these two volumes, with which Dr. Birkbeck Hill puts the copestone on the noble monument he has erected to Samuel Johnson, It is true that Dr. Hill regards as a portion of his task still to be executed an authoritative edition of the Lives of the Poets,' to which might perhaps be added others of Johnson's writings. What is already done, however, serves further to familiarize us with a great man of letters, concerning whom, possibly, we now know more than we know of any contemporary or successor. The task of editing Johnsonian Miscellanies' was urged on Dr. Hill by Mr. Leslie Stephen, whose suggestion has been regarded almost as a command. The publication has, we are sorry to hear, been delayed for reasons of health. Now, however, in the same form as the famous six-volume Boswell' the volumes appear. The first volume consists of Johnson's Prayers and Meditations,' his account of his life from his birth to his eleventh year, Mrs. much active service and been sent on important missions, Piozzi's 'Anecdotes,' and Murphy's essay on Johnson's Sir George Sydenham Clarke knows more than almost life and genius. Very miscellaneous are the contents of any other man on the subject on which he writes. the second volume. They include some letters for the Special chapters in his work are on "The Empire," first time printed, a further series of 'Dicta Philosophi,'"Trade," "The Navy," "The Army," and "Imperial and a series of extracts and anecdotes from Hawkine, Organization." These are questions with which we are Dr. Thomas Campbell. Cradock, Cumberland, Sir Joshua not called upon to deal. We content ourselves, accordReynolds, Hoole, Lady Knight, Seward, Steevens, and ingly, with commending the book to those who have innumerable others. At one time Dr. Hill thought of leisure and taste to study lessons the importance and giving extracts also from the 'Diary' of Madame d'Arblay. significance of which none can gainsay. That work he has, however, wisely left the reader to consult for himself. It is, he holds, too good a book to be hacked in pieces. A sort of suggestion-we dare not call it a promise-is made that it might some day have Dr. Hill for its editor. This appears to be the only work it is necessary for the student of Johnson to consult in addition to Dr. Hill's own labours, unless he likes, for the sake of seeing the other side of the medal, to obtain familiarity with Walpole's diatribes against Johnson, as perpetuated in his correspondence, or Wolcot's flippant Bozzy and Piozzi.' Everything in the volumes gives us a higher opinion of Johnson, and all may be read with extreme interest and pleasure. Closely as they follow the Church of England service, Johnson's prayers are very characteristic productions, and cast a strong light upon his weaknesses, especially his sloth. The annals are short, but precious. Mrs. Piozzi's Anecdotes' are a known storehouse of good things, and Murphy's essay we could ill spare. The work is annotated with no less pains than the Boswell,' to which it is, naturally, a supplement. It has an index, moreover, as ample and satisfactory, in proportion, as that to Boswell. We have nothing but praise to bestow on the work, which is lovingly and admirably executed, and the two volumes must rest on the shelves of every true lover of literature. Historic Bubbles. By Frederic Leake. (Suckling & SEVEN essays on historical subjects by an American, now Imperial Defence. By Lieut.-Col. Sir George S. Clarke, THE number of the Genealogical Magazine for June is quite as good as the first one was, and contains much useful and interesting information. We drew attention appeared in the previous issue, and in the present to the article upon The Sobieski Stuarts' which number is printed a letter which, though not absolute evidence, is most interesting to all who read that paper. It sets forth the theory that the Sobieski Stuarts were not descended from Prince Charles Edward Stuart, but from his brother Henry, Cardinal York. Should this story turn out to be correct, it would account for all which now puzzles us as regards the reason for the claim to the descent from the elder brother and his wife not having been put forward until after the death of the latter, and it would also satisfy those who believed that in some way or other they did inherit Stuart blood from the strong likeness to Charles II. We hope more information upon this subject may be forthcoming. In the present number of the magazine there is a good article upon Heraldic Book-Plates and their Value,' by Mr. W. H. K. Wright. It sets forth the history of bookplates so far as relates to the value and the collecting of them. We trust that this magazine may prove a success. · THE Rev. Henry Thomas Griffith, B.A., who died on 14 June, aged sixty-eight, was a loyal friend and constant contributor to the columns of N. & Q.' in its earliest years, although his communications after his blindness were less frequent. Mr. Griffith was a Rous Exhibitioner of Pembroke College, Oxford, Vicar of Felmingham from 1866 to 1881, and Rector of Smallburgh (both in Norfolk) from the latter year until his death. He edited Cowper' for the Clarendon Press, in 2 vols., 1875. Notices to Correspondents, We must call special attention to the following nolices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. 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