Queen's County, Ireland, dated 1724, the lessor, mill was. Capt. Michell G. D. M. Mr. "Allegations against Mr. John Catesby, 1684. Petto, a Nonconformist and settled preacher to one of the conventicles, constantly lived within the Corporation for ten years last past, in no more private place than the Vicarage house belonging to All Saints' Church." In 1693 the following was issued in his name :"A Faithful Narrative | of the Wonderful and Extraordinary Fits which | Mr. Tho. Spatchet | (Late of Dunwich and Cookly) was under by Witchcraft: | or | A Mysterious Providence in his even Unparallel'd Fits. With an Account of his first Falling into, Behaviour under, and (in part) deliverance out of them. Wherein are several Remarkable Instances of the Gracious Effects of Fervent Prayer. | The Whole drawn up and Written by Samuel Petto, Minister of the Chapel at Sudbury in Suffolk, who was an Eyewitnes of a great part. With a Necesary Preface. | London. Printed for John Hartis at the Harrow in the Poultry. 1693. Price 6d." Another publication of his was 'The Revelation A "BRITISH" LIFE OF ST. ALBAN.-Salmon alludes to a "6 Life of St. Alban, written in British," which the ninth Abbot of St. Albans discovered in a Roman wall in the heart of that city. Information as to the book's whereabouts (if it still exists) would be very gratefully received, together with particulars of ownership, by JOHN A. RANDOLPH. 2, Halsey Street, Cadogan Square, S.W. THE PLANTING OF THE PENNY HEDGE.-I cut the following extract from the Whitby Gazette of 28 May. I never heard of this custom. Can any one give an explanation of it, or describe it more fully? "The ancient and interesting custom of planting the Penny Hedge, or Horngarth, was duly observed on Wednesday morning, in the presence of a larger num ber of spectators than has been usual for the past few POPULATION.-Could any reader tell me what was the total population of the parish of Fulham in 1841 and in 1851, or say how I can find the information? CHAS. JAS. FERET. 49, Edith Road, West Kensington, W. R. FURLEY'S 'HISTORY OF THE WEALD OF KENT. Can any of your readers inform me into The Schools, Shrewshing. Beplies. HATCHMENTS IN CHURCHES. (8th S. xi. 387, 454, 513.) There are a good many hatchments still up in churches, especially in private chapels forming parts of churches. There is a hatchment up, for example, in the church of Laleham-on-Thames. Some vestry passages and garrets attached to churches are choked up with hatchments. I know a case where the lord of the manor quarrelled with the clergyman of the parish because the latter gave him notice to remove his hatchments on penalty of their destruction. r C. D. Dilke B I can remember in my boyish days the walls of the fine old parish church of Astbury, in Cheshire, were almost covered with hatchments, at least twenty in number. There were those of members of the ancient Cheshire families of Moreton of Little Moreton, Shakerley of Somerford Park, Swetenham of Somerford Booths, Egerton, Wilbraham of Rode, and Lee of Eaton, and I may say that my first acquaintance with heraldry arose from a study of them. Probably they had once been suspended over the entrance doors of the different mansions, and then moved into the parish church on payment of a fee. However, about thirty years ago the whole of these hatchments had vanished from the old church walls, though it Beems doubtful to me whether they could have been legally removed without the permission of the representatives. In Oxford many years ago (i.e., about 1855) I can remember five hatchments at one time being suspended over either the gates or houses of deceased heads, impaling the arms of their respective colleges. There was a doubt as to whether the proper place of a hatchment was over the front gate of the college or over the house Sword, I will hallow thee for this thy deed, 2 King Henry VI.,' IV. x. The family motto was not always appended, but a funereal one, as Resurgam,' "Mors Janua Vitæ," or "In Coelo JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. KILLIGREW asks what became of the hatchments of the family when, as must often have been the case in a small village church, they accumulated inconveniently. No doubt most of them were relegated to a lumber room or outhouse, where they perished of natural decay in the course of time; but one at least has found a very odd place of refuge. Early in the century my grandfather was partitioning off the end of a long stick house in our stable-yard to form a brewhouse. One fine morning his brother-in-law, Lord Arden, happening to drive over from Nork, which is about three miles from here, saw the work in progress, and at once exclaimed: "Leave a place vacant at the top, Walpole, I have got something which will exactly fit in." A day or two afterwards he brought over his father's hatchment, which was at once fixed up, and there it is at the present time. I went to look at it recently, and, though there is a hole at the bottom of the quartered shield, the colours are as bright and the gold as fresh, after all these years, as when they were first painted. Stagbury, Surrey. H. S. VADE-WALPOLE. see; and when it is remembered that the zincographed reproduction is only one-fourth the size of the original, and that the process is not always absolutely satisfactory, but generally less sharp than the original, it is not surprising that the long s appears often without the side mark. Roberts THE OWNER OF THE FOLIO USED Boston Live. FOR THE REPRODUCTION. My edition of Giles Fletcher (1783) reads "sought" (with long s), and there seems little doubt it is correct. According to this, MR. FORD both quotes and refers wrongly. The stanza is 43, and the reading, "While Judas sought......to fly from his own heart." To an original first folio Shakespeare I am not happy enough to be able to refer; and no doubt in the facsimile many long s's do show no projection. But on turning over leaves from beginning to end, the curve which I mentioned seems plain to me in just as many. Rer. C. F. S. WARREN, M.A. Longford, Coventry. LINE IN GOLDSMITH (8th S. xi. 447).-Undoubtedly it is a mistake to suppose that the phrase "the vacant mind" is here intended to indicate a stupid person. Compare a passage later on in the same poem : Spontaneous joys, where Nature has its play, Here the same phrase is used in the same sense, to Absence of occupation is not rest; at A mind quite vacant is a mind distressed; the tendency being not to laughter, but rather to its opposite. In Goldsmith's line the idea is that of "vacation" rather than "vacancy." As a boy in Salisbury I always regarded these 3 Sydney Bld. LAWRENCE Ford. as necessary ornaments of every parish church. But after growing up, the greatest display of them I remember was in the north aisle of the nave of St. Alban's Abbey, where some compartments without windows were quite filled up with hatchments. 25 Claremont Sq., N. E. L. Garbet S AND F (8th S. xi. 305, 516).-MR. WARREN is right, or nearly right, in his description of the long s. There is generally the projection he speaks of on the left side of the letter; but when the type is worn this is not always perceptible, or only slightly so. In many cases in the First Folio the projection is so very slight that it is not easy to The vagueness of this heading is reprehensible. Would not The Deserted Village, 1. 122,' have been a better title for your correspondent's query? Your correspondent apparently thinks that "vacant mind," as used by Goldsmith, means "mind unoccupied," or "mind at leisure," just as Ovid Non legit idonea, credo, Tempora: nec petiit horamque animumque vacantem. 'Met.' lib. ix. 610, 611. Probably by "vacant" Goldsmith meant nothing more than "empty" or "ignorant' in this case, without implying that a loud or hearty laugh is always a sign of empty-headedness. Perhaps he remembered his Shakespeare: Not all these, laid in bed majestical, F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. See 'The Vacant Mind' in N. & Q.,' 7 S. iv. UNICORN EMBLEM AND HORN (8th S. xi. 422, 493). At the end of the 'Observationes Medica' of Cornelius Stal part there is a 'Dissertatio de Unicorne,' 12mo., 1687. The books by Mr. Seager and Mr. Watkins, mentioned in 'N. & Q.,' 8th S. xi. 399, 400, might be consulted. accented. From the very little I know of these 77 St. Martin's Lane We 470).-Another example of hole as a place-name HOLE HOUSE (8th S. xi. 148, 214, 313, 392, will be found near Penally, in Pembrokeshire, where there is a cavern running a considerable distance underground known as Hoyle's Mouth Cave." The title of one of the late Miss Fothergill's stories gives also a North-country variation of the word, 'Moor Isles' (Moor Holes). R. B. Upton, Slough Richard Bentley "CADOCK" (8th S. xi. 367).-As it is stated that a Somersetshire glossary is the sole authority for the use of the above word, it may be as well to mention that the word occurs in the dictionaries of both Halliwell and Wright as a Somersetshire word meaning a bludgeon. Perhaps the glossary mentioned has obtained the word from the dictionaries. F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. S. I." (8th S. xi. 383).-These initials probably stand for Samuel Ireland, as ST. SWITHIN suggests. Rex. W. C. BoulMany feel much interest in folio Shakesperes "CAWK AND CORVE" (8th S. xi. 406)-If corve means "a basket measure at the mines," the solution is evident. Cawk means chalk," by means of which the measure was recorded. King James's Gaberlunzie Man promised Wi' cauk and nd keel 'll win your bread, &c. Banners. J. R. M. Clarcon Mr. S. O. Addy, in his Sheffield Glossary,' 1888 (E.D.S), has: "Corf, sb., a small wagon used in coal pits. Plural corves. He appends this note: "Hunter gives the singular as cork, but I cannot find that such a word exists. He also says, 'It is used as a measure, so many corves making a load.'-Hunter's MS." Corve is given in Mr. C. H. Poole's Glossary of the County of Stafford' as "the vessel in which coal is drawn from the pits, a skip." In The Mineralogy of Derbyshire,' by John Mawe, 1802, corf is defined (p. 203) as "a kind of sledge used to carry ore from the miners at work to the drawing shaft foot." F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. SLAVONIC NAMES (8th S. xi. 488).- Sarajevo, Giurgevo (the g soft as in the English George, with which it is etymologically connected), Kossovo are certainly accented upon the first syllable, as I know from hearing them pronounced by Austrian Slavs whom I have met upon the Continent. The same is true of some other names in the same termination. For example, Tirnovo (the ancient capital of Bulgaria). But it would be very rash to deduce from these coincidences any rule that names with the endings evo, ovo, are all so with names or initials written in them. I have two such, about which I should be glad to receive information. My first folio is a good copy, but with a serious deficiency. The title is "made up." That is, a good impression of the portrait has been taken from a second folio and has had a clever facsimile of the letterpress of the first folio added to it; thus making a title which can scarcely be distinguished from the original, except by experts. This is the next best thing to the genuine title. One made up with a portrait from the fourth folio would be very inferior, because that is coarse and harsh, and has the face entirely re-engraved. The "makerup" of my volume very sensibly had bound in at the end of it the second folio title from the centre of which the portrait had been taken. Near the top of it, in a bold band, is written "Anne Lady Crewe," and lower down, apparently stamped with a pallet and printer's type, is "G. Steevens," doubtless the commentator. It seems a pity that so interesting a copy should have been mutilated. My second folio is superb. It has "Judith Killegrew" written on the title. The leaves are nine inches broad by nearly thirteen and a quarter inches in height. Except that the margins of two leaves have been slightly mended at some corners, it is absolutely perfect and in as fine a condition as can be. It has been neither washed nor doctored. It is evenly folded, and the margins are of uniform size throughout. The type is sharp and black, and not grey like that which has been washed. For even soaking leaves of books in pure cold water often destroys the colour and brightness, which can never again be restored. The paper is of rich, warm, comfortable tone, very different from the poor, starved appearance of the washed tribe. This copy is like a peach with the bloom on, and it is a joy and delight merely to turn over the leaves. Of course, such a copy was not met with I had poorer ones at first, which made way for better as I found them. It is bound in purple morocco by the old firm of Clarke & at once. SCIENCE IN THE CHOIR (8th S. xi. 349, 412, 498). In the main triangulation of Great Britain (and Ireland) for the purposes of the Ordnance Survey observations were taken at two hundred and eighteen principal stations, on the pinnacles of church steeples, domes, monuments, hills, mountains, &c. Lincoln Cathedral, from its situation, was a station of especial value, and is said to have been even visible (by means of an oxy-alcoholic light signal) from the summit of Snowdon. Temporary observatories for the theodolite may also have been seen at different times by the cross on the dome of St. Paul's, or on the north-west tower of the Abbey at Wes Bentley R. B. tower of the Abbey at Westminster, or on Harrow Richard Church. Upton, Slough of her parents show in table 427: therefore, table 426 is wrong as to her marriage, and 26 Sept. is probably the day of her birth in that year. She was married in 1631, at eight years old, according to table 427, which there is now no reason to doubt. The date of death in table 426 is not hers, but her husband's, according to both tables (March and May are often interchanged); therefore we may conclude that she died 6 March, 1694, according to table 427. Comparison with other dates is these, hopeless, ac S. WARREN, M. A. the great secret for unravelling such problems as according to MR. WARD, they may seem. Longford, Coventry. Angels, vested and winged, are often represented as supporters to the shields of ecclesiastical bodies, in order to indicate their guardian and protecting care. There is the shield of St. Alban's Abbey, Azure, a saltire or, supported by kneeling angels bearing it up in their hands. Figures of angels holding shields of arms, each having a shield in front of its breast, are often sculptured as corbels or bosses, both in and out of churches. The ancient baronetical family of Grant of Monymusk has two angels statant supporting the shield, under which is the motto "Jehovah Jireh," though not printed in Hebrew characters. The Viscount de Vismes bears two angels as supporters. Angels were the supporters of the shield of Harley, Earl of Oxford, an earldom which became extinct in 1853. doubt many other instances might be easily cited. JOHN PICKFORD, M. A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. No PORTREEVE (8th S. xi. 468).-The following towns in Devonshire are governed by portreeves, viz., Ashburton, Bovey Tracey, Colyton, Crediton, Hartland, Holsworthy (Honiton until 1846), Kingsbridge, Modbury (Newton Abbot until 1863), North Molton, and Tavistock. The portreeve, or portgerefa, is elected by the freeholders. At Ashburton the annual court leet and court baron of the manor lords is held alternately by their Per. W. C. Bouls-form. At this court a portreeve and bailiff are stewards in the Chapel of St. Laurence in ancient T. G. (8th S. xi. 487).-This was Thomas Godden, concerning whom and his book see the 'Dictionary of National Biography,' xxii. 28, 29. DE MEDICI (8th S. xi. 489).-Anderson's tables certainly seem confusing at first sight; but a little study and comparison with other dates soon shows that table 427 is correct and the other wrong. Victória was certainly born in 1623, as the dates elected, and the various minor manorial officials, the bailiff being the summoning officer, while the portreeve of one year is almost always the bailiff of the preceding. Okehampton was incorporated by royal charter in 1623, and portreeve and mayor long existed side by side, the custom being for the same burgess to be chosen to fill both offices. There are two corporate seals at Okehampton, one presumably attached to the office of portreeve and the other to the Corporation. North Tawton was at one time governed by a portreeve. A. J. DAVY. The following, from J. Willock's 'Legal Facetime,' may be of interest: "Portgraves-or Portreves, which name is compounded of the two Saxon words Porte and Gerese, or RevePorte, betokeneth a Towne, and Gerese signifieth a guardian, ruler, or Keeper of the Towne. These Governors of old time with the Lawes and Customes within the Cities and Townes, were registered in a Booke, called the Doomes-day Booke, written in the Saxon Tongue; but of later dayee, when the Lawes and Customes were changed, and for that also the Booke was of a small hand, sore defaced, and hard to be read or understood, it was lesse set by. So that it was imbezled and lost.Robert Fabian." P. B. WALMSLEY. J. O. Halliwell, in his 'Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words,' refers his readers to a brief dissertation on the origin. of the portreeve of Gravesend in Lambard's Perambulation,' 1596, p. 483. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. DUNHEVED should consult Mr. Laurence Gomme's 'Index of Municipal Offices,' sub voce. JOHN HOBSON MATTHEWS. Town Hall, Cardiff. CAMBRIDGESHIRE (8th S. xi. 408, 472).-I am somewhat surprised that no one mentions Lysons's 'Cambridgeshire,' 1808. I have always thought it a comprehensive history of a county. There is also Carter's history of the same county, 1753, reprinted in 1819, which gives, amongst other matter, Dowsing's proceedings in demolishing painted windows, &c., in the county churches in 1643, according to Manchester warrant. WM. GRAHAM F. PIGOTT. Abington Pigotts. "COCAÏNE" (8th S. xi. 485). PRONUNCIATION: -The note referred to is in several particulars somewhat misleading to the simplicitas laicorum. What is meant by "words of this formation" I do not quite understand, but there are many words, apparently formed on the same principle as those referred to, in which the termination ine does not denote an alkaloid, as, for example, iodine, bromine, glycerine, chlorine, crocine, and carmine. Nor is it quite correct to say that an alkaloid is the active principle of a thing. Many plants yield half a dozen alkaloids, none of which can properly be said to be the active principle of the plant. Opium, for instance, yields, besides morphine, papaverine, thebaine, codeine, narcotine, See "A cat may look at a king' is but a modern way of putting the Greek adage You're nothing sacred, an expression referring to Hercules' scorn when he found Adonis worshipped at Dium in Macedonia." The earliest instance of the English proverb with which I am acquainted is in J. Heywood's Proverbs and Epigrams,' 1562, "A cat maie looke on a king, ye know," ed. 1867, p. 57. It occurs also in Greene's 'Francesco's Fortunes, 1590. vol. viii. p. 181 of Dr. Grosart's edition of Greene's 'Works.' regarde bien l'évêque." A French equivalent is "Un chien G. L. APPERSON morilla Merton Hall Adi Wimbledon One of the chapters of Thackeray's Vanity Fair-that, I think, in which Mr. and Mrs. Rawdon Crawley are presented at the French Court to Louis XVIII.-is headed : "In which we do what cats may do." I have not got the book at hand to refer to. Dickens, Chuzzlewit,' chap. iv. (Household Edition, p. 31b): "I have heard it said, Mrs. Ned,......that a cat is free to contemplate a monarch." C. STOFFEL. Nijmegen, Holland. "CARE CREATURE (8th S. xi. 507). - This "dear creatures"; but THE expression means EDITOR OF THE DIALECT DICTIONARY' is for once napping. The words are neither Devonian F. ADAMS. nor Cornish, but Italian, nor Cornish 06 Albany Rady Camberwell This would appear to be simply "dear creatures" in Italian, though it is difficult to see why it should have been substituted for plain English in the passage quoted on R. MARSHAN-TOWNSHEND. 5 there is vonshire and Cornwall, but I I have lived in never heard, in either county, the expression "care creature"; and I have also lived in Italy, where it is not unusual for women to be spoken of, in the language of the country, as 66 care creature." The "dear creatures "9 are found in Devon and Cornwall as well as in Italy. J. H. WILLIS. 4, Cranfield Road, Brockley, S.E. HERALDIC (8th S. xi. 468).-Most probably the letters on the plates in the Tyrie arms were originally the conventional IHS., with a small cross over the H, and the whole charge represented the sacred Host. Dr. Woodward only cites two |