COLLEY. The original surname of the Marquis Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington, &c., was written Cowley, temp. Hen. VIII. COLLICK. Probably Colwick, co, Nottingham.

COLLIER. A maker of charcoal, formerly a much more important and common occupation than now. In medieval documents it is written Le Coliere, Carbonarius, &c.

COLLIN. COLLINS. COLLIS. Colin is one of the diminutives of Nicholas, and Collins may be its genitive, and Collis a corruption thereof. There are, however, other assigned etymons, as Fr. colline, a hill, and Gael. cuilein, a term of endearment. But Collinc is also an ancient baptismal name, which existed before the compilation of Domesday. According to B.L.G. the Collinses of Walford existed, eo nomine, in the time of the Conqueror, in cos. Hereford and Salop.

COLLING. COLLINGS. See under Collin.

COLLINGHAM. Parishes in cos. York and Nottingham. Like Collingridge, Collington, Collingwood, Collingbourne, &c., this local name seems to be derived from some early proprietor called Colling. COLLINGWOOD. I cannnot discover the locality. It is probably in Northumb., where the family have flourished for several centuries.

COLLINSON. COLLISON. See Colin.
COLLISON. Colin's son-the son of
Nicholas. Coly, Colys, and fil'Colini are
found in the H.R.

COLLMAN. See Coleman.
COLLYER. See Collier.

COLNETT. The Hampshire family are said to be descended from a French Protestant refugee who settled at Gosport, and introduced glass-making. Colenutt appears to be the same name.

COLPITTS. I have observed this name about Newcastle-upon-Tyne. It was probably assumed in the first instance by a person resident near a coal-pit. COLPUS. A Surrey surname. Calpus, probably a Saxon, is found in Domesday. COLQUHOUN (pron. Cohoon). An ancient clan seated near Loch Lomond. The name was taken from the lands of Colquhoun in Dumbartonshire. Umfridus

of Kilpatrick, who had a grant of them from Maldowen Earl of Lennox about 1250, was founder of the family. COLSON. The son of Cole. This was the name of one of the Danish invaders of Northumbria, where Coulson is still a common family name.

COLSTON. A parish in co. Notts. COLT. Ferguson thinks this a corruption of the name Gold; but it appears

in the XIII. cent. in its present form, and I see no reason why it should not be derived from the animal, especially as Le Colt is found in H.R. The Colts of co. Lanark derive from Blaise Coult, a French Huguenot refugee in the XVI. cent. COLTMAN. A trainer of colts. COLTON. Parishes, &c. in cos. Norfolk, Stafford, and York.

COLVILLE. There are three places in Normandy called Colleville, situated in the respective neighbourhoods of Caen, Bayeux, and Yvetot. From which of these came William de Colvile of Yorkshire, and Gilbert de Colavilla of Suffolk, mentioned in Domesd., is not ascertained. The Scottish peer descends from Philip de C., a scion of the A-Norm. family who settled beyond the border in the XII. cent. Colevil, Colevile, Coleville, Colwile, Colewille. H.R.

COLVIN. Colvin or Colvinus was a Devonshire tenant in chief, and held his lands in the reign of Edw. the Confessor, and at the making of Domesd. See Coffin. COLWELL. A corruption of Colville.

H.R.

COLYER. See Collier.

&c.

COMBE. COMBES. From A-Sax. comb, Celt. cwm, a hollow in a hill, a valley. In medieval writings, At-Comb, At-Cumb, There are places called Comb or Combe in Sussex, Devon, Somerset, &c.— Combs in Suffolk-Coombe in Wilts, Dorset, and Hants, and Coombs in Sussex, Derby, and Dorset. Several of these have conferred their names on families.

COMBE, as a termination. See preceding article. A correspondent has sent me a list of surnames with this desinence. Some of these will be found identified with the localities which gave them birth in their proper places in this work. Of others the situation is unknown to me.

Ashcombe, Aynscombe.

Barnscombe, Brimblecombe, Burcombe, Bronescombe, Brownscombe, Buncombe, Bascombe, Belcombe, Brimacombe, Branscombe, Bidecombe, Battiscombe, Buddicombe, Biddlecombe, Balcombe. Corscombe, Challacombe.

Doddescombe, Dimscombe, Discombe, Duncombe, Dacombe, Delacombe, Dunscombe, Dascombe, Dorkcombe.

Ellacombe or Ellicombe, Encombe, Escombe, Edgecombe.

Farncombe, Fearncombe.

Goscombe, Gatcombe.

Hanscombe, Halcombe, Harcombe, Hollicombe, Holcombe, Haccombe, Harcombe.

Jacombe.

Kingcombe.

Larcombe, Loscombe, Liscombe, Lipscombe, Luscombe, Luccombe, Levercombe. Morcombe.

CORDER. Perhaps a maker of cordanalogous to Roper. Le Corder. H.R. CORDEROY. Fr. Cœur de Roi, kinghearted; metaphorically applied to a man of noble and generous disposition. Perhaps, however, the same as Cowdray.

CORDINER. Fr. cordonnier. A shoemaker. In the H.R. Le Cordewener, Le Cordewaner, Corduanarius, &c. CORDREY. See Corderoy.

CORDUKES. In Ireland, said to be a corruption of the Fr. surname Cordeaux, which means literally small cords or lines. CORDY. Ferguson derives it from O. Norse kordi, a sword, but it is more probably local.

CORFE. Parishes in cos. Dorset and Somerset.

CORK. Not from the Irish city, as has been conjectured, but from Corc, an ancient Celtic personal name.

CORKER. Perhaps a maker of corks. CORLEY. A parish in co. Warwick. CORMACK. A personal name.

M'Cormac.

Gael.

CORNS. CORNU. R.G. 16. See under Cowhorn.

CORNELIUS. The personal name. CORNELL. A local pronunciation of Cornwall?

CORNER. From residence at the corner of a street or highway. In the H.R., De la Cornere. It was latinized by in Angulo. In the second vol. of the Rolls it occurs as in Agglo five times (all with different Christian names,) as in Anglo 17, and as in Angulo 19 times. A less likely derivation is from Le Coruner and Coronator, a coroner. De Corner and Le Corner are also found in the H.R. See Nangle.

CORNEWALL. Richard, second son of King John, titular King of the Romans and Earl of Cornwall, had according to Sandford's Geneal. Hist. two natural sons, Richard de Cornewall, and Walter de C. From the former sprang the barons of Burford, now represented by Geo. Cornewall Legh, of High Legh, co. Chester, Esq., the Cornewalls of Delbury, co. Salop, &c. CORNEY. A parish in Cumberland. Also a nickname of Cornelius.

CORNFORD. Perhaps Cornforth, co.

Durham.

CORNISH. Belonging to Cornwallapplied originally to one who had removed from that to another county. A family so called at St. Issey in Cornwall, "originally descended from one William Cornish, who settled here temp. Queen Mary, a Welshman." D. Gilbert's Cornw., ii. 255.

CORNISH SURNAMES. The local surnames of Cornwall present some marked peculiarities, which render it convenient to treat of a large body of

them in one article. In most of the countries and districts where the Celtic dialects prevail, or have prevailed, the family names are principally of the patronymical class-the son or descendant having assumed the name of the father or ancestor with some prefix. For instance, most of the Gaelic surnames were personal names compounded with Mac; the Irish with O'; the Welsh with Ap or Ab. In Cornwall, however, the names are principally of the local sort, and as the names of places in that county are generally derived from Celtic roots, possessing, as to the first syllable at least, a generic meaning, it has become proverbial that

"By Tre, Pol, and Pen,

Ye shall know the Cornish-men." while a less known and more comprehensive distich with more truth affirms that

"By Tre, Ros, Pol, Lan, Caer, and Pen,

You may know the most of Cornishmen." TRE is equivalent to the A-Sax tun, a town, or enclosure; Ros to heath, or unenclosed ground; POL, to pool; LAN, to church; CAER or CAR, to a fortified place; and PEN, to a headland. In Breton local names and surnames, the same prefixes occur, though "pol" is written poul, and " car," or 66 caer," ker. In Wales there are likewise many place-names with these syllables, with modified orthographies and modified significations-Tre, Rhos, Pwll, Llan, Caer, and Pen; but these with rare exceptions have not given names to families. In Scotland, Ros, Caer, and perhaps some of the others, occur in the same sense; and also in Ireland, but as these are but rarely, if at all, found as surnames, they belong rather to topographical than to family nomenclature. In the following lists I have arranged such Cornish surnames as have occurred to me en masse, reserving such elucidations as seem necessary for their particular and proper places in the alphabetical order of the work.

SURNAMES IN TRE.-Trebarfoot, Trebersey, Trebilliock, Trebilcock, Treby, Trecarrell, Tredenham, Tredidon, Tredinham, Tredinick, Tredrea, Trefelens, Treffrey, Trefusis, Tregaga, Treagagle, Treagago, Treganyan, Tregarick, Tregarthen, Tregea, Tregeagle, Tregean, Tregeare, Tregedick, Tregenna, Tregian, Tregillas, Tregion, Treglisson, Tregonnell, Tregors, Tregose, Tretgohnan, Tregoweth, Tregoze, Tregury, Tregyon, Trehane, Trehavarike, Trehawke, Treiagn, Treice, Trejago, Trekynin, Trelander, Trelawney, Tremaine, Tremanheer, Trembraze, Tremearne, Tremanheere, Tremere, Tremle, Tremogh, Trenance, Trencreek, Trengone, Trengore, Trenhayle, Trenheale, Trenouth, Trenoweth, Trenwith, Trerize, Tresahar, Tresilian, Tresithney, Treskewis, Trethake, Trethinick, Trethurfe, Trevanion, Trevannion, Treveale, Treveally, Trevellans, Trevelles, Trevener, Trevenor,

Chester under the celebrated Hugh Lupus, temp. Will. Conq.

CONSTANCE. Probably Coutances in Normandy, which is latinized Constantia. CONSTANT. 1. A contraction of Constantine. 2. An honourable appellation denoting the constancy of the bearer. 3. A sobriquet applied to one who was regular and pertinacious in some habit or custom. I knew a person whose real name was Hastings, who was better known among his neighbours as 'Old Constant,' from the regularity with which he appeared at a certain time in a certain place.

CONWAY. One of the few local surnames adopted from places in Wales. The extinct noble family was traced to 5 Richard II. Conway or Aberconway is in co. Caer

narvon.

CONY. Of common origin with the Ducs de Coigni in France. The ancestor was chamberlain to Isabella of France, and accompanied her to England on her marriage with king Edw. II. The Eng. family's armorial coat is identical with that of the present Duc de Coigni. Gent. Mag. May, 1859. CONYERS.

"Of this ancient family, originally wrote Coigniers, denominated from a place of that name in France, was Roger de Coigniers, that came into England about the end of the reign of Will. the Conqueror, to whom the bishop of Durham gave the constableship of Durham." Kimber. The family gave the suffix to Howton Coigniers, co. York. CONYNGHAM.

The family of the Marquis C. and of Lord Londesborough descend from the Scottish house of Cunyngham and from the Earls of Glencairne.

COODE. Code was a tenant before the compilation of Domesd. An ancient family long settled at Morval, co. Cornwall, have at various periods written themselves Code, Coad, and Coode. C. S. Gilbert's Cornw. ii. 72.

COOK. COOKE. The occupation. In
Domesd. there are several tenants styled
Cocus, and one, quidam Coquus Regis.'
Coke is an archaic form of the name.
The Lond. Direct. has more than 250
traders of this surname.
COOKES. Cook pluralized.

COOKSON. One of the few instances of the addition of the termination son to a profession or employment. So Smithson, Stewardson, Shepherdson. Fil'Coci is its form in the H.R.

COOKWORTHY. Doubtless local, the Y being an unnecessary addition. COOLEY. Probably a corruption of Cowley. The ancestors of the Duke of Wellington, prior to their assumption of the name of Wesley or Wellesley, wrote their name indifferently Colley, Cowley, and Cooley. Times, 15 Sept., 1852. So Cooper was anciently Cowper.

COOLING. A parish in Kent.
COOMBER. See Comber.

COOMES. See Coombe.

COOPER. The occupation-a maker of barrels, tubs, &c.; originally from coop, to keep or contain anything, whether wine in a cask, or a hen in her prison. A-Sax. kepan, cepan. See Cowper. Le Coupere, Coupare, Cuparius, &c., H.R.

COPE. In Domesd. signifies a hill. Bailey's Dict.

4. It

COPEMAN. 1. A chapman or merchant. Halliwell. 2. Bailey says that cope was a tribute paid to the king out of the lead mines in Wicksworth, co. Derby. Perhaps the collector of this tax was the original Copeman. 3. Cope is also the name of a priest's vestment; and the Copeman may have been the maker of that article. may be equivalent to Hillman. See Cope. COPLESTONE. A hamlet in the parish of Colebrook, co. Devon, said to have been possessed by the family before the Conquest. Polwhele's Devon. ii. 35. See Croker. COPLEY. Very ancient in Yorkshire. Local-but I do not find the place. COPNER. A-Sax. copenere, a lover. COPP. The top of a hill, or any emi

་

A corruption of

A

Copperthwaite. See Thwaite. COPPERWRIGHT. See under Wright. COPPINGER. Copenere is the A-Sax. for lover; but a more probable derivation is from coppin, which Halliwell defines as 'a piece of yarn taken from the spindle.' Coppinger was then perhaps in medieval times one who had the care of yarn or who produced it. TO LIVE LIKE A COPPINGER is a Suffolk proverb, which points to the wealth and hospitality of a family of this name who flourished in the XVI. and XVII. cent. at Buxhall in that county. Gent. Mag. Jan. 1831. The name is found in the archives of Cork so early as temp. Edw. II. B.L.G.

COPPOCK. From the termination, probably local. See OCK. COQUERELL. See Cockerell.

CORBET. Corbet, a noble Norman, came into England with the Conqueror, and from his son Roger Corbet descended the baronial house, as well as the families of the name now existing. Courthope's Debrett. CORBY. Parishes, &c. in cos. Lincoln, Northampton, and Cumberland.

COTHER. A corruption of the name of several places and rivers in Scotland called Calder. COTHERBONG.

"I know," says a Lancashire correspondent, "a man whose name was Calderbank, from the river Calder; his grandson on entering the militia persisted that it was Cotherbong, under which corrupt spelling it was enrolled. I was only satisfied by a reference to the grandfather."

The same correspondent pertinently adds: "Names which are unaccountable are generally mere corruptions of names of places or other words. The ignorant do not know how to spell; the curate, the registrar, and the relieving-officer just do it phonetically, and take no interest, and no trouble: and thus a perpetual corruption is going on.

COTMAN. The cotmannus, i.e., the cottarius, cotter, or cottager, of Domesd. was one who held by free socage tenure, and paid rent in provisions or money. Ellis, Introd. Domesd. In H.R. Cotman is used as a baptismal name. COTON. See Cotton.

COTSFORD. Cottesford, a parish in co. Oxon.

COTT. COT. COTE. A common termination of local surnames, as in Walcott, Caldecott, Norcot, Northcote, Southcote, &c. It appears to be the A-Sax cóte. Professor Leo observes that, "if sele be the dwelling of the wealthyof landowners, cóte on the other hand indicates the abode of the poorer classes. Cote is the house of an indigent dependent countryman, who, without any personal estate, holds a transferable tenement in fief. It was originally a house of mud, or of earth, with loam walls." The prefixed word sometimes indicates the owner's name, and is sometimes descriptive of the situation. COTTAGE. From residence in one. COTTAM. See Cotham.

COTTER. COTTAR. Scotch. A cottager. See Cotman.

COTTERELL. COTTRELL. In feudal times, "the coterellus held in absolute villenage and had his person and goods disposed at the pleasure of the lord." Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. He was probably so called,

COTTINGHAM. Parishes in cos. York and Northampton. COTTLE.

Perhaps from the district now called Cottles in Wiltshire. COTTON. Cottun, a place in the department of Calvados in Normandy; also several parishes in the counties of York, Chester, Stafford, &c. Both forms, viz. De Cottun, and De Cotton, are found in the H.R. The Eng. Gazetteer gives many places called Cotton. Lord Combermere's family trace unbrokenly to the days of King John, and there is some evidence of their having been seated at Cotton or Coton, co. Salop, prior to the Conquest.

A correspondent sends me the following note from a family pedigree. "Cotwn is an ancient British word, and signifies in the Welsh language an enclosure.' The very great antiquity of the family in Cheshire, as well as the name of their seat, shows them to be of British extraction." The successive steps of the orthography seem to have been Cotun, Coton, Cotton.

COTTRELL. See Cotterell.

COUCHMAN. Probably the same as coucher, which Bailey defines as, "an old word signifying a factor residing in some foreign country for traffic." COULES. See Coles. COULMAN. See Colman. COULSON. See Colson.

COULTER. A lake at St. Nynians, co. Lanark, is so called.

COULTHART. According to Tradition and a most elaborate Pedigree, the Coultharts of Coulthart, co. Wigtown, are descended from Coulthartus, a Roman lieutenant who fought under Julius Agricola, and who gave his name to certain lands near Whithorn, which in much later times were erected into a barony, and returned to the family its generic appellation, when surnames became common. The genealogy in question associates the heads of the family with many great national events in connection with the Romans, Picts, Scots, Danes, Irish, Normans, &c., and may pass quantum valeat. It is sufficient to observe, that few families in Britain can claim a more respectable origin than the Coultharts of Coulthart and Collyn, as attested by documentary evidence. There can be no doubt of the name having originated from the place, as it is written, in the XIII. and XIV. centuries, with the territorial prefix DE. The name of the Scottish locality is probably synonymous with that of Coudhard, a village in the department of Orne,

a few miles N.E. of Argentan in Normandy. It is deserving of mention, that the head of this family (in whom now centres the blood of Coulthart "of that Ilk," Ross of Renfrew, Macknyghte, Glendonyn of Glendonyn, Carmichael of Carspherne, Forbes of Pitscottie, Mackenzie of Craighall, and Gordon of Sorbie) has immemorially borne supporters to his coat-armour, allusive to the name, and perhaps this may be considered a unique instance of canting supporters. A COLT and a HART uphold the ancestral escocheon, and I am enabled to give an engraving of a seal appended to a charter of Sir Roger de Coulthart, dated 1443. The surrounding legend is Sigillum Coultharti."

66

COULTON. A parish in co. Lancaster.
COUMBE. See Combe.
COUNCILMAN. The office.
COUND. A parish in Salop.

COUNTIES, NAMES OF, WHICH HAVE ORIGINATED SURNAMES. Berkshire and Barkshire; Cheshire and Chesshyre; Cornwall with Cornish; Cumberland; Derbyshire and Darbishire; Devonshire and Devon, with Devenish; Dorsett and Dorset; Durham; Essex; Hampshire; Kent with Kentish: Lancashire and Lankshear; Rutland; Somerset; Suffolk; Surrey; Sussex; Westmoreland; Wiltshire, Willshire, and Willsher.

These surnames must have been originally given, for the most part, to persons emigrating from one county to another. Thus a person from Derbyshire settling in Sussex, would naturally get from his rustic neighbours the appellation of "the Darbishire man," and at length by the dropping of unnecessary words, he would be called simply "Darbishire," and that in course of time would become his acknowledged surname. Analogous to this is the origin of such names as French, Scott, Welsh, Fleming, bestowed on foreigners who had settled in England. In some cases, however, these names

Parishes in Sometimes a

Fifeshire and Perthshire. corruption of Cooper. COUPER. See Cowper and Coupar. COURAGE. 1. Perhaps from Currage, a manor in the parish of Cheveley, co. Bucks. 2. A family of this name settled here after the Rev. of the Edict of Nantes. COURCELLE. A place near Bernayanother near Andeli in Normandy. COURCY DE. According to De Gerville this Norman family did not originate from the parish of Courcy near Coutances, but came from the arrondissement of Falaise, Calvados. Mem. Soc. Antiq. Normandie, 1825. Richard de Curci was a Domesd. tenant in chief in co. Oxford. The latinization in charters is De Curceo.

COURT. From residence at a court or manor-house. At-Court, A'Court, Court. A branch of the great Sussex family of Covert corrupted their name to Couert and Court. Inf. W. D. Cooper, Esq., F.S.A. COURTENAY. COURTNEY. Though the pedigree of this family is carried up to Pharamond, the founder of the French monarchy in the year 420, Gibbon only traces the residence of the race at Courtenay, in the Isle of France, to the year 1020. Indeed it would be useless to attempt to carry the origin of the surname beyond that point, notwithstanding the extremely curious and ingenious suggestion which follows: In the history of France we find, that "Charlemagne avait donné l'Aquitaine, avec le titre de roi, à son fils Louis, sous la tutelle de Guillaume au Court-Nez, duc de Toulouse." Now who knows but the great French family of the Courtenays, and the illustrious Courtenays of Devonshire, may owe their name to this deficiency of nose in William of Toulouse? Though he does not pretend to get at the root, Gibbon only traces the family to 1020, when they were established at Courtenay; but the sobriquet was given about the year 790, and might have conferred a name upon the castle which William inhabited, and the country round it." N. & Q. vi. 106.

COURTHOPE. First occurs in a Subsidy Roll at Wadhurst, co. Sussex, in exactly its present form, temp. Edw. I. Philipot, Somerset-herald, derives it from the hamlet of Court-at-Street, co. Kent, which is improbable, and the real source of the name appears to be the lands of Curthope, in Lamberhurst, in that co., which Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, in the XII. cent. gave to the abbey of Leeds. Hasted, v. 308. COURTIER. Fr. A ship-broker; probably a recent importation from France.