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Parker (Sir Gilbert), A Word for Small
Ownership in reply to Lord Lincoln-
shire, 421-431; British Land and
British Emigration, 964-976
Parliament of Finland and its women
members, 167-181

Passavalli (Mgr.) and Père Hyacinthe's
marriage, 581-588

Patriotism and duty as illustrated by
Nelson, 852-868

Patriotism, socialism, and the 'Inter-
national,' 521-532

Payment by Premium versus Payment
by Fee, 149-166

Peacock (Wadham), Nicolas of Monte-
negro and the Czardom of the Serbs,
879-888

Peninsular War, Adventures at Sala-
manca, 54-68

Petrie (Prof. Flinders), Three Hours:
24 August 410 a Reconstruction,
589-599

Pickthall (Marmaduke), The Outlook
in the Near East: For El Islâm,
1141-1149

Picture sales, record prices, 319-328
Police corruption in New York, 687-

700

Political Outlook, The, as seen by a

British Canadian, 1065–1076
Pollock (Lieut.-Col. Alsager), Army
Service and the Recruiting Difficulty,

505-516
Popham (Mrs. Cecil), A Comedy of Llan
Austin: sketched from life, 348-370
Post-Impressionism, Futurism, and
modern Art, 125–136

Prinsep (Sir Henry T.), The High
Courts in India, 455-460
Private Property at Sea in Time of War,
1131-1140

Purdi, Behind the, 811-821

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SYN

Religion and Science, The Conflict
between, 783-797

Republican China, Anarchy in, 645-664
Rival Land Policies: a Reply to the
Marquess of Lincolnshire, 88-95
Roberts (W.), Recent Art Sales, 319-
328; Recent Book Sales, 1030-1039
Rolleston (Capt. Charles), Behind the
Purda, 811-821

Rome and the Goths, 589-599
Rural and Agricultural Education,
1052-1064

Russo-Turkish War, British officer's
adventures in the, 889-912

SALAMANCA, Captain Synge's Ex-
periences at a War Memory of a
10th Hussar, 54-68

Samuel (Herbert), Federal Government,
676-686

Sarawak, The Future of, 1202–1210
Schofield (Major H. N.), Our Shortage
of Horses for War! a Suggested
Scheme for Mobilisation, 11-31
Schuster (A. F.), Capital Punishment 1
the Case for Abolition, 732-744
Science, Religion and, The Conflict
between, 783-797

Sellers (Edith), Where Women sit in
Parliament, 167–181

Servia, Montenegro, and Old Serb
dynasties, 879-888
Shakespeare's England, Some Foreigners
in, 110-124
Slave Traffic, The

West African
Britain's Duty towards Angola and
San Thome, 836-851
Small Holdings Act, The Unionist
Party and the some Suggestions for
a Temporary Alternative Policy, 432–
444
Small Ownership, A Word for, in reply
to Lord Lincolnshire, 421-431

Snead-Cox (J. G.), The 'Ne Temere'

and the Marriage Law in Canada,
570-580

Social and economic reform in China,

615-626

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Tariff, A, Will it harm Lancashire?
a Lesson from America, 329-347
Tariff Reform and social construction
from a Canadian point of view, 1065–
1076

Tariff Reform and unification of the

British Empire, 869-878

Taxation of land values under the
'People's Budget,' 96-109
Teeth, Disease of, and its prevention,
182-197

Territorial Forces, The, 517-520
Three Hours: 24 August 410: a
Reconstruction, 589-599

Tottenham (Lieut.-Col. F. St. L.),
Captain Synge's Experiences at Sala-
manca: A War Memory of a 10th
Hussar, 54-68

Trade-unionism and syndicalism, 913-
929

Trans-Sahara and Trans-Persian rail-
ways, 558-569

valence of Dental Caries in Modern
Civilised Communities, 182–197
Unionist Party, The, and the Small
Holdings Act, 432-444

United Kingdom and the Empire,
decentralisation and federalism, 676-

686

United States, Great Britain and
Panama Canal, 745-762

Universities, The, and the Public
Service, 1260-1267

ZEN

Wales, The Endowments of the Ancient
British Church, 985-1000
Wallis (H. M.), The Listener Speaks,
1211-1219

War, ancient and modern, and national
military training, 248-263

War, Horses for, Our Shortage of a
Suggested Scheme for Mobilisation,
11-31

Ward (Wilfrid), The Edinburgh Review
on Cardinal Newman, 69-87; A
Ghost of the Living, 1001-1005
Ware (Fabian), Labour and Interna-
tionalism, 521-532

Weigall (Arthur E. P. B.), The

Morality of Excavation, 382-396
Welldon (Bishop), The Problem of
Marriage and Divorce: The Church
and the Report of the Royal Com-
mission, 1085-1102

Welsh wooing and wedding, 348-370
Western civilisation and Chinese pro-
gress, 615-626

Westminster (Duke of), Practical Im-
perialism, 869-878

White (Arnold), The Future of Sara-
wak, 1202-1210

Williams (J. B.), Fresh Light on Crom-
well at Drogheda, 471-490; a reply,
1220-1241

Women in China, The Position of,
1040-1051
acted at

'Women in Parliament's

Athens B.C. 393, 292-318
Women, Where they sit in Parliament,
167-181

Workers and wages, State interference
or voluntary agreement, 264-276

ERE (Stephen de), Social Aspects of YELLOW peril, The, and Australia,

VERE

Home Rule, 665-675

Vivisection and the Central Nervous

System, 397-411

1-10

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WA

AGE-EARNERS, employers, land-
lords, and profit-sharing, 913-929

Zenana women of India, legal and
medical advisers for, 811-821

PRINTED BY

SPOTTISWOODE AND CO. LTD., LONDON

COLCHESTER AND ETON

[merged small][graphic][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

RECENT epoch-making events, of profound interest to the world at large, have served to direct the serious attention of thoughtful Australians to the international outlook, and impelled them to reflect upon the position their island continent occupies as an integral portion of the British Empire. Foremost among these events may be classed the revolution in China, the ill-advised (from the Australian point of view) check to Germany's policy of expansion in Africa, the disturbance to the equilibrium of European relationships by the Italian descent on Tripoli; and, not least in significance, the parasitical and poisonous growth on industrial bodies of the spirit of Continental syndicalism. There are other considerations, more general in character. These need not be specified. They are obvious enough.

In the present paper I endeavour to present, as accurately as careful observation enables me, a reflex of Australian thought on the outlook for the immediate future, and on the trend of developments among foreign nations as they may eventually threaten the corporate unity of the Empire, and especially as

VOL LXXII-No 425

B

they may affect Australia. The subject can be treated without raising that wolf-cry of the yellow peril, or offending the susceptibilities of any foreign Power. The yellow peril is not immediately at hand, but there is a history in the making which shall determine its strength and its proximity.

By reason of her peculiar geographical position, her vast area and varied resources, her rapidly extending maritime and commercial interests, and, not least, her scanty population, Australia must in future enter more largely than in the past into the calculations of nations whose internal necessities compel them to seek territorial expansion and new outlets for their surplus populations. Rich and valuable a possession as this continent is of itself, its value is enhanced a hundredfold by the fact that it is the key to the whole South Pacific. To this important consideration the average Australian is now thoroughly awake. He, a dweller in a land of unbroken peace, has quite recently assented to comprehensive and costly measures of naval and military defence. These measures, if not intended for mere outward show, mean, in plain English, that there is a possibility of this great British outpost being some day detached from the Empire of which it forms a part. Remote contingency, maybe, yet undeniably a possible one; nay, well within the region of probability in the not far-off future.

Australia enjoys this singular distinction, that it was acquired without conquest. A few naked savages pointed their spears at the intruders and ran away; nor did any tribe ever think seriously of disputing the right of the white man to push the primitive occupiers from their happy hunting-grounds and make the country his own. The Britisher has for 124 years remained in undisputed possession, and Australian history is an unbroken record of peaceful progress, its soil untrod by the foot of an invader, unstained by bloodshed in its defence. How much longer Australia may enjoy immunity from the bloody arbitrament of the sword' no man can pretend to say.

'What a city to sack!' said the old Prussian Marshal as he drove through the heart of London. What a continent to take!' may be said, is probably now being said, by foreign nations, of Australia. What a possession for, say, the Asiatics. There are 450,000,000 of them within easy striking distance. With Australia's immense potentialities, her spaciousness, her rich soil, her unrivalled climate, here is a sea-girt land hungering and crying out for more people. In the eyes of starving and downtrod millions of Asia, Australia must appear an all but vacant paradise, a continent which, but for the British flag and the British fleet, could be had almost for the asking. Here are four and a half millions of people occupying three million square

miles of territory-roughly speaking, about three persons to every two square miles.

Let anyone reflect for a moment upon Australia's wonderful strategic position for naval and military enterprises. Sufficiently peopled, say, by Asiatics, with the armies that could there be raised, the navies that could be built, the supplies that could be furnished, such a continent could safely defy the rest of the world in arms. Mark the significance of the sea-girt position. If England, that little speck on the map, owes her security, her invincible power, largely to the circumstance that she is 'compassed by the inviolate sea,' what Power or combination of Powers could touch sea-encompassed lands, sufficiently peopled, which in area (including New Zealand) are more than twenty-six times as large as the United Kingdom, more than fifteen times as large as France, more than half as large again as Russia in Europe, and almost equal in extent to the Continent of Europe or the United States of America? In the hands of Asiatics, captained, say, by the Japanese, Australia could at no distant time send forth armies. able to sweep over the face of Europe, and navies that would make Japan the unchallengeable mistress of the sea, and queen of the fairest portions of the earth.

The incorporation of Australia into the dominions of the yellow man must to the Oriental mind seem a quite natural, even a divinely appointed, event. Had the East not been asleep while the West was wide awake, the yellow man might to-day be chanting the refrain in the Great Southland: This bit of the world belongs to us.' But the East is now awakening from its long sleep. The yellow man is looking about him, going to and forth in the earth, and walking up and down in it.' Especially he has an eye on the South Pacific, studying its map, even having some bad dreams of the South Pole.

The South Pole! A trifling incident may here be mentioned. Some five or six months ago a small Japanese exploring ship, the Kainan Maru, anchored in Sydney Harbour. The captain, officers, and men camped on its hospitable banks, remaining there several days. It was given out that the destination of the party was the South Pole, which they were one and all solemnly pledged, under a binding oath, to reach or never to return to their native land. That so tiny a craft, imperfectly equipped as she was for Polar exploration, should ever reach the South Pole, or get anywhere near that point, was laughed at by everyone who had seen the little ship. Still, the explorers were indulgently treated. They were variously the objects of curiosity, sympathy, and suspicion. They were regarded as either fatalists or heroic and patriotic enthusiasts. No one looked on them as plain fools. Their mission interested many, in a way. Professor David, the

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