the French and English posts in that quarter) to the shore of Hudson's Bay ; and thence, northward, along the said shore, and to the Arctic Ocean; or [along such middle line] (b) To the northern watershed of the Churchill, as before; and thence, along such watershed, to and along the height of land which divides the waters that fall into Hudson's Bay from those that fall into the Arctic Ocean, to the said Arctic Ocean; or [along such middle line] (c) To the westerly boundary of Ontario; or, [A line commencing, as before, at the point where the southerly shore of Hudson's Bay is intersected by a line drawn due north from the head of Lake Temiscamingue, and thence westward] (2) To the height of land or line herein before mentioned as running to Split Lake, and thence, along such height of land or line to the said lake; and thence (a) North-westward to the northern watershed of the Churchill, and along such watershed to the shore of Hudson's Bay, and thence northward, along the said shore, and to the Arctic Ocean; or [from Split Lake] (b) North-westward, to and along the height of land which divides the waters that fall into Hudson's Bay from those that fall into the Arctic Ocean, to the said Arctic Ocean; or [from Split Lake] (c) To the Westerly Boundary of Ontario; or [A line, commencing, as before, at the point where the southerly shore of Hudson's Bay is intersected by a line drawn due north from the head of the Lake Temiscamingue, and thence westward] (3) To the westerly boundary of Ontario, and so drawn as to embrace the French posts and settlements: Provided that in case such westerly boundary of Ontario is along the boun daries of British Columbia and Alaska, to the Arctic Ocean, as aforesaid, such northerly boundary line may run north-westward [from Split Lake] either (a) To the northern watershed of the Churchill, and thence along such watershed to the shore of Hudson's Bay, and thence northward, along such shore and to the Arctic Ocean; or [from Split Lake] (b) To the height of land which divides the waters that fall into Hudson's Bay from those that fall into the Arctic Ocean, and thence northerly, along such height of land to the said Arctic Ocean; and Provided also, that in case such westerly boundary is along the height of land which divides the waters that fall into Hudson's Bay from those that fall into the Arctic Ocean to the said Arctic Ocean, then the said northerly line may run [from Split Lake] north-westwardly to the said northern watershed of the Churchill, and thence, along such watershed, to the shore of Hudson's Bay, and thence northward, along the said shore, and to the Arctic Ocean. [Prince of Wales Fort at the mouth of the Churchill River was the most northerly of the Hudson's Bay Company's posts. The French had a Fort on Seal River, considerably to the north and west of the Churchill, as already mentioned. The Hudson's Bay Company did not claim, under their charter, the countries whose waters flow to the Arctic Ocean. The line which on many maps is shown as running to or towards Split Lake, is identical with the height of land which divides the waters that fall direct into Hudson's Bay from those that fall into that Bay through Nelson River. The French had, from the first discovery of the country, and up to 1763, possession of the Winnipeg Basin, of which this height of land was the north-eastern limit. On some maps,-as in Dunn's, 1774, and in one founded on D'Anville, published by Sayer & Bennet in 1776,-this line is shewn simply as the "Land's Height"; on others as in Jeffreys' 1762, and Pownall's, 1775,-it appears as a line, engraved or coloured, and with the same or a similar inscription; on Bellin's, 1755, as a line, engraved and coloured, but without inscription. On "An exact map of the five Great Lakes and the Hudson's Bay Company's Territories," (bound with Russell's History, 1778,) it is marked "Bounds of the Hudson's Bay Company; and on Kitchin's Map, 1794, it is marked "Boundary of Hudson's Bay Company."] IV. The fifty-first parallel of north latitude, from the point where it is intersected by a line. drawn due north from the head of Lake Temiscamingue, west, (1) To the said middle line between the French and English posts, and along such middle line to the points, and with the alternatives, herein before mentioned in the case of No. III; or, [The said 51st parallel, from the point where it is intersected by a line drawn due north from the head of Lake Temiscamingue] (2) To the height of land, or line herein before mentioned as running to Split Lake, thence along such line, to the points and with the alternatives hereinbefore mentioned in the case of No. III; or [The said 51st parallel, from the point where it is intersected by a line drawn due north from the head of Lake Temiscamingue] (3) To the point where it would intersect the eastern bank of Lake Winnipeg or of the main channel of the waters which fall into that lake through the River Winnipeg, and thence north westerly and along the eastern banks of Winnipeg River and Lake, and to the westerly boundary of Ontario, but with the provisoes herein before mentioned in the case of No. III (3); or [The said 51st parallel from the point where it is intersected by a line drawn due north from the head of Lake Temiscamingue] (4) To the westerly boundary of Ontario. [The 51st parallel is the Provisional Boundary of Ontario, agreed on as such provisional boundary in 1874, by the Governments of the Dominion and Province respectively. The eastern banks of Winnipeg river and lake are indicated in many maps of the last century as the westerly boundary of the Hudson's Bay Company's possessions. In some of these-such as Bell's 1772, a map in Russell's History, 1778, Carver's, 1779, and two maps without author's or publisher's name, but referrable to a period anterior to 1763,-the southern boundary of these possessions terminates at that limit. In others, this western boundary is shown more specifically by coloured lines, as in a map sent by the Hudson's Bay Company to the Dominion Government for the purposes of the present arbitration. It is entitled "A map of North America, with Hudson's Bay and Streights, Anno 1748," and bears both the Royal Arms and those of the Company. A Parliamentary Committee had been appointed in that year (it reported in 1749,) to enquire into the affairs of the Company, and into "the state and condition of the countries adjoining to Hudson's Bay," and this map was prepared by direction and in the interests of the Company in view of that enquiry. Two maps published in 1755-one of them at Amsterdam-agree with that of 1748 as to this western boundary.] V. The said middle line between the French and English Posts, from the point where it is intersected by a line drawn due north from the head of Lake Temiscamingue, northwesterly, and to the points, and with the several alternatives, mentioned in the case of No. III (1). VI. A line, (so far as it is west of a line drawn due north from the head of Lake Temiscamingue), commencing where a line "drawn to the south-westward of the Island of Grimington, or Cape Perdrix, or the North Cape of Davis' Inlet, to Lake Mistassin, dividing the same into two equal parts," intersects the south-west shore of Lake Mistassin, and thence west on the meridian of such south-west shore (1) To the said middle line between the French and English Posts, and thence north-westward along such middle line, and to the points and with the alternatives mentioned in the case of No. III (1) ; or [On the meridian of the south-west shore of Lake Mistassin westward] (2) To the said height of land or line running to Split Lake, and thence, northwesterly, along such last mentioned height of land or line, and to the points and with the alternatives mentioned in the case of No. III (2); or, [The meridian of the south-west shore of Lake Mistassin westward] (3) To the easterly bank of the main channel of the waters which fall into Lake Winnepeg, through the River Winnepeg, and thence on the courses, and to the points, and with the several alternatives as mentioned in the case of No. IV (3) ; or, [The meridian of the south-west shore of Lake Mistassin, westward] (4) To the westerly boundary of Ontario. [In 1712, pending the negotiations for the Treaty of Utrecht, the Hudson's Bay Company addressed to the Lords of Trade a memorandum wherein they proposed "that a line be supposed to pass to the south-westward of the said Island of Grimington, or Cape Perdrix to the great Lake Miscosinke, alias Mistoseny, dividing the same into two parts, and' that the French [shall not]... come to the north or north-westward of the said Lake or supposed line." The south-west shore of this lake is north of the parallel of 50°.] VII. The fiftieth parallel of north latitude, from the point where such parallel is intersected by a line drawn due north from the head of Lake Temiscamingue, west (1) To the height of land which divides the waters of the St. Lawrence system from those that fall into Hudson's Bay, and thence, westward along such height of land, (crossing or not crossing, as the case may be, the waters of or connected with Long Lake), to the point where such last mentioned height of land meets the said height of land or line running to Split Lake, and thence along such last mentioned line, and to the points, and with the several alternatives, provided for in the case of No. III (2); or [The said 50th parallel from the point where it is intersected by a line drawn due north from the head of Lake Temiscamingue] (2) To the line on Mitchell's Map of 1755, and thence westward along that line to its terminal point, north of the Lake of the Woods, and thence either (a) Due north to the shore of Hudson's Bay; and thence northward, along such shore and to the Arctic Ocean; or (b) To the easterly bank of the main channel of the waters that flow through the River Winnipeg into Lake Winnipeg, and thence on the courses, to the points, and with the several alternatives, as mentioned in the case of No. IV (3); or [The said 50th parallel, from the point where it is intersected by a line drawn due north from the head of Lake Temiscamingue] (3) To the eastern bank of the main channel of the waters that flow through the River Winnepeg into Lake Winnepeg, and thence on the courses, to the points and with the several alternatives, as mentioned in the case of No. IV (3); or [The said 50th parallel, from the point where it is intersected by a line drawn due north from the head of Lake Temiscamingue] (4) To the westerly boundary of Ontario. [The 50th parallel is laid down on maps of several, and especially of two, French authors as the southern limit of the Hudson's Bay Company's Territories, viz. Le Rouge's editions (1756 and 1777) of Mitchell's map of 1755, in which M. le Rouge gives this parallel from a point east of Lake Abbitibis to a point north of the Lake of the Woods, as the boundary claimed by the French, in contradistinction to the line, on the original of Mitchell, reproduced on these editions of Le Rouge as the boundary claimed by the English; a map in the "Atlas Ameriquain," published in 1778, by the same Le Rouge also gives this parallel as a boundary, as far west as the limit of the map, north of Lake Superior. An English edition of D'Anville's Map of North America, "greatly improved by Mr. Bolton,... 1752," indicates that some original copy of D'Anville the same parallel of 50° as a boundary; and that it did so is stated by F. gave Green in his "Remarks in support of the new chart, &c. .... London : VIII. The forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, from the point where it is intersected by a [Subsequent to the Treaty of Utrecht-in 1714-the Hudson's Bay Company, in IX. The height of land which divides the waters of the St. Lawrence system, from those that fall into Hudson's Bay, from the interprovincial boundary north-westward (crossing, or not crossing, as the case may be, the head waters of the Moose, and the waters of or connected with Long Lake), to the point where it meets the said height of land or line which runs to Split Lake, and thence, along such last mentioned line, to Split Lake aforesaid, and thence to the points and with the alternatives as in the case of No. III (2). [The earliest mention of any claim on the part of the Hudson's Bay Company, or of Great Britain, to the lands whose waters flow to Hudson's Bay appears to be in the proposition of the English Commissaries made through Lord Stairs to the French Court, referred to under No. VIII. At this period and for a long time subsequently, the English had no knowledge of, and preferred no claim to, the country beyond Split Lake.] X. The line on Mitchell's Map of 1755, from the point where it intersects a line, drawn due north from the head of Lake Temiscamingue westward to its terminal point north of the Lake of the Woods; and thence to the points, and with the alternatives as provided for in the case of No. VII, (2). *That this parallel is laid down as a boundary line on one of D'Anville's maps, would seem clear from the testimony of these two English authors; it does not, however, so appear on the only copy of the original of his Amerique Septentrionale," published in 1746, to which we have had access. Others of his maps were published 1746-8. +In this, as in the claim to the land whose waters flow to Hudson's Bay, exceeding their instructions. [The line referred to is that which appears marked "Bounds of Hudson's Bay by The line runs from the interprovincial boundary to a point north of Lake Nepigon, |