View of the State of Europe During the Middle Ages

afterwards alodial ancient Anjou appear army Austrasia authority barbarians barons Beaumanoir bishops Britany called Cange Capet capitularies century Charlemagne Charles the Bald Charles VII charters cities Clovis conquest consent count court crown crusade death Du Cange duke of Burgundy Edward election emperor empire England English established favour fiefs Florence Franks Frederic French Gaul German Ghibelin granted Guelf Guienne Guizot Henry hereditary Hist historians homage Italy jurisdiction justice king of France kingdom lands Languedoc latter Lombard lord Louis Louis XI Mably Marculfus ment Merovingian Milan military monarchy Muratori Naples nation Neustria nobility nobles Normandy ordinance Ordonnances des Rois Orleans Paris party Pepin perhaps Philip Augustus Philip the Fair possession princes privileges provinces reign rendered republic Roman Rome royal Salic says seems Sismondi sovereign sovereignty spirit succession tenants tenure territorial tion treaty vassals Velly Venice Villaret writers