emitted from the bottomlefs pit.'-The following is a fpecimen of the Author's ideas of fome part of the dread process of the final Judgment.

To make their aggravated guilt the more apparent, every perfon of the Sacred Trinity fhows what he had done for them. Angels declare their ministrations in their favour. Minifters tell how often they exhorted and warned them. Confcience approves its fidelity; and all other creatures atteft that they were not wanting in their fervices." For thee, did not I give my beloved and only Son?”—

I lay down my life on the cross?"-" and I unweariedly offer to apply all the benefits of redemption, and to give all my helps and all my confolations."-" Did not I," faith one angel," against evil fpirits fight thy battles ?"" And I," faith another, "frequently delivered thee when deaths and dangers were nigh thee."-" I fpread my pinions o'er thee while asleep"-" And I stood at thy right hand while thou wert awake."-"In thy fickness, I was fent to thee a thousand times with comfort:"-" And I, in thy health, was bid'den to ward off a multitude of evils which fought to affail thee.". In a word-" A thousand times have I defcended from heaven to minifter unto thee," is the voice of each of ten thousand angels.

-And how often, add many minifters of the gospel, have we offered thee mercy, and warned thee of thy impending danger? The times, the places, the occafions, the expreffions, we well remember. The very duft of our feet we call to witnefs, and heaven and earth; for they heard us, when we called them to record against thee.-" I (faith one) alarmed thee with Sinai's terrors:"-" And I (faith another) ftrove to captivate thee with the love of Jefus."—" I offered to thee all the riches of Chrift freely; and befought thee, with tears, to accept of falvation."-" And 1 (adds another) fhowed thee heaven open to the chief of finners; whilft I used the utmost earnestness to perfuade thee to enter into it. I fhowed thee the open wounds in the fide of the Saviour, and in his hands extended to receive thee; and befought thee, with intreaties and tears, to fly to them, as a dove to the clefts of her rock.-Seemingly thou didst affent. I thought thou hadit been fincerely refolved, and 1 adminiftered to thee the fealing ordinances of the gofpel."-" And all of us (fay they with one voice), hoping thou couldst not refift the amazing efforts of the love of God, expected we should on this day, with rejoicing angels, congratulate thee on thy felicity.-But, alas! we can only wash our hands from the blood of thy foul, of which we are clear; and shake, as we do our raiment, every imputation of thy deftruction from us. On us no - part of the blame can be fastened; in our skirts thy blood cannot be found. For, although we have laboured in vain, and spent our Strength for nought, yet furely our judgment is with the Lord, and our work with our God."

And hear further how Confcience, God's vicegerent in the foul, approves in the like manner its fidelity.-What warnings to avoid fin, and to repent of it! What admonitions to the practice of duty! what checks before, and what rebukes after, the commiffion of evil! -All of thefe, though once ftifled, will now obtain a hearing. In fpite of a thousand arts, first to drown and filence this monitor within, and then to Rupify and fear it; yet it fill perfifted in its office,

till at length, like God and angels, it was induced, reluctantly, to give the hardened finner over.-Nor will the thousand thousand mer cies of the inferior and inanimate creation fail, on this day, to bring their accufations against the wicked, and to aggravate their condemnation. If the earth bore and fed them; if the fun enlightened and warmed them; if other creatures ministered to them, and yielded them food and raiment; if comforts, without intermifion, flowed upon them; or if Providence, at times, exercifed them with fore trials and troubles;-all was meant to lead their fouls to God, and all will serve now to witness against them, and to justify the severity of their fentence.

• After all this evidence, will any one deny a tittle of the charge? After all this aggravation, will any one plead that he is not guilty? To attempt the firft, in the face of fuch a cloud of fwift witnesses, were impoffible; and to think of the fecond were as idle.- Will any one plead that he ufed the means of falvation to the belt of his power; or that there was any infuperable bar of fate, or fecret decree of heaven, in force against him? It is impoffible. For, this day hows, what indeed was fufficiently plain before, that for fuch excufes there is no manner of foundation:- that God was wanting to mone but fuch as were woefully wanting to themfelves:—and that every loft finner is the author of his own ruin; which God, confitently with the eternal rules of his government, could not poffibly have done any more to avert than what he did. Indeed the thoughts of men and of angels are loft in aftonishment at his having done fo much. Imputations, it is true, have been liberally caft upon his mercy: but on this day it will be cleared of them, and will vindicate itfelf to the fatisfaction of the universe, even in the awful article of this multitude's eternal condemnation.'

From a review of the difcourfes of Mr. Whitaker and Mr. Smith, we have been led into a variety of reflections concerning the best and fitteft methods of impreffing the minds of men with the great truths of Chriftianity, fo as to produce their practical effect. We are perfuaded that a preacher muft rather apply to the feelings than to the understandings of his audience; or if he reafons with them, it must be from principles that are obvious and common, and rather in a rhetorical than a logical mode. They are foon confounded by fubtle diftinctions, and are utterly incapable of perceiving the force of the ftricteft demonftration, if drawn out in the forms of art to any confiderable length. On dry and barren fpeculations, they muft of neceffity ftarve; and as to thofe which are moft interefting, they must be rendered, in fome degree, amusing to engage their attention, and affect their hearts. Thus it may feem, that a lively imagination, and warm and vigorous affections, are of more ufe in the pulpit than ftrength of reafoning, or accuracy of judgment; and that thofe talents which form the orator and the poet, are more needful to conftitute a good preacher than thofe which qualify a man to become a profound metaphyfician, philofopher, or divine. But whatever may be faid of the com

parative

parative value of these very different talents, it is certain that they must be, in fome confiderable degree, united (uncommon as their union confefledly is) in every speaker or writer of real eminence, and particularly in the minifterial function. As on the one hand, the most important truths are likely to make little impreffion on the minds of common hearers, if addreffed to them in a cold and unanimated manner, void of all embellishment, and unimpaffioned by the livelier figures of eloquence; fo, on the other hand, there can be but little pleasure, and less profit, in attending upon a courfe of florid harangues, where, perhaps, the speaker scarcely knows his own drift, and is loft in a tracklefs defart of fancy, or on difcourfes made up either of the most trite, fuperficial, puerile obfervations, or of an incoherent mixture of truth and falsehood, thrown out at random, without diftinction and order, however ornamented with fine words and pompous figures and with whatever powers of addrefs and elocution they may be delivered. The first object is TRUTH. It fhould not be mixed with the dogmas of the fchools, or the dreams of fancy. Let that be fecured in its native and fimple purity; and let the ornaments of language, and the graces of addrefs, follow it--but let them follow it modeftly. Let them never approach, if they attract too much attention. They muft be kept in the back-ground; and throwing the principal object forward, must be themselves fo much in the fhade as to be almost unseen.

ART. XIII. Hiftoria del famofo Cavallero Don Quixote de la Mancha, Por Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. Con Anotaciones, Indices, y varias Lecciones: por el Reverendo D. Juan Bowle, A. M. S. S. A. L. En Seis Tomos. 4to. 31. 3 s. boards. White, &c.

IN

1781.

N this edition of the most exquifite and moft inimitable of romances, Mr. Bowle has taken fuch pains in endeavouring to explain the words of his author, that we should have little occafion for a dictionary if he had given the explanations in English, instead of the Spanish language. He has also, with great labour and diverfity of reading, endeavoured to illuftrate every paffage, which time has rendered obfcure-particularly allufions to places, men, and books; the memory of which may not furvive the work wherein they are recorded. And though we must not expect that the Annotator will be able to give a very perfect account of many of these, especially as fome of them are, perhaps, already funk into the gulph of oblivion; yet we may be glad to receive any hint that will enable us to form fome judgment of the point under enquiry, or even guefs at the meaning of the Author.

Thus

Thus when Cervantes tells us, that his hero's horfe was as full of defects as that of GONELLA; if the comment informs us, that GONELLA was a celebrated buffoon, or fool, belonging to the Marquis of Ferrara, it is easy to conceive that the fame falfe tafte which fhould prompt that nobleman to entertain a poor wretch for his abfurdity, or imperfection,. would fet him on a hórfe, ridiculous or extraordinary for his blemishes.

In a note on our knight's watching his arms, we are informed of a curious ftory, related by RIBADENEYRA, of Ignatius Loyola, who paffed the whole night partly on his knees, and partly walking, before the image of our Lady, when he form ed the refolution of creating himself a Knight-Errant of the Virgin Mary. Notes of this kind tend greatly to illuftrate the beauties of Cervantes: we only lament that the Editor has been able to collect fo few of them.

Don Quixote is compared to Don MANUEL DE LEON ; which paffage helps us to a very extraordinary story, related by Alonzo Lope de Haro. Some noble ladies, in, the palace of Ferdinand and Ifabella, were looking from a balcony into a court, where several lions were kept, just brought from Africa, and which were very fierce. One of the ladies happening to drop her glove into the court, expreffed great concern for the lofs of it; on which DoN MANUEL, her lover, immediately opened the door of the inclofure, brought out the glove from amidft the lions ;-and from that time he was ftyled Don Ma NUEL DE LEON.

Many readers would be perplexed to find out the particular words that are meant by the four SS, which the true lover is required to have, if Mr. Bowle, from his extenfive reading, had not cited fome verses from BARAHONA, an author of whom few of our countrymen have ever heard; and from whom alone those who are curious to make out the words which these initial letters denote, can, at this diftance of time, receive fatisfaction:

De quatro effes dizen que efta armado
Sabio, folo, folicito, y fecreto:
Sabio, en fervir, y nunca defcuydado,
Solo, en amar, y a otra alma no fujeto,
Solicito, en bufcar fus defepganos:

Secreto, en fus fabores, y en fus danos.

This citation, though it may give little pleasure to the im proved age in which we live, is fo far neceffary to the complete understanding of our Author, that it ferves to give a freft inftance of the falle tafte of the writers of his time-which was the principal defign of his work.

Our curiofity is more reasonably excited in a defire to know the four firft orders to which an ecclefiaftic in Spain is admitted; and

and these are Ofiario, Lector, Exorcifta, and Acolyto, which are called the minor orders. The firft of these is so called from the door, which is kept by the young divine, who has the power of excluding such as he thall judge unworthy of receiving the facrament. The other three are fufficiently obvious.

From a Portuguese author we are informed, that Chapin de la Reyna is a tribute paid to the Queen of Portugal by the city of Alenquer, to provide her with chapins. Depois que Portugal teve Reyes, han d'elles deu as Rainhas a villa de Alenquer, para feus chapins.-CHAPINs are clogs of all fizes, fome fo high as to be chofen by fhort women to give elevation and dignity to their ftature. But there are fome of fo extraordinary a height, that Laf celles, in his Tour to Venice, tells us the ladies were obliged by their jealous] hufbands to wear them, as, confequently, they could never go abroad without a woman on each fide to fupport them. Specimens of these chapins may be seen at Sir Ashton Lever's.

When Sancho ufes the following expreffion to fignify his apprehensions of fuffering from hunger, Ponerme en la efpina de Santa Lucia, to put me on the thorn of Santa Lucia,' it is easy to understand, that fafting is to him what we proverbially term any great difficulty, or irkfome fituation, being on thorns. - But wherefore on the thorn of St. Lucia? we are not likely to be informed, as our Editor is filent on this head. This la borious annotator, however, has fhewn us why Donna Urraca is pointed out for wandering about the world, having met with the following lines in the CANCIONERO DE FLORES :......

Acabando el Rey Fernando,

De diftribuyr fus tierras,
Por la fala trifle,
De negro luto cubierta,
La olvidada infanta Urraca,
Delante fu padre el Rey,
De hinojos ante la cama,
Las manos le pide y befa.
En traje de peregrina,
Partire, mas faced cuenta,
Sin varon, y fin facienda.

Si tierras no me dexays,
Yo me yre a las agénās.

་་ ་་་་

The first four volumes of this edition confift of the text, or hiftory of Don Quixote, in the original; the fifth volume is occupied by the annotations; and the fixth is wholly filled by the very ample index. This laft-mentioned part of the work could not fail of obtaining our approbation, as we have, on many occafions, declared ourselves the advocates, the friends, we had almoft said the ADMIRERS of a GOOD INDEX-to works especially of confiderable fize, which, without fuch affiftances,

lofe,