Faithorne, from a drawing by himself; a copy of J. Payne's portrait of Paracelsus; 'Dr. Michael,' after Guido Reni; and the frontispiece to P. Heylyn's Cosmography,' published in 1669. Walpole was of opinion that Faithorne's engraving of Christ with a Globe,' from a picture attributed to Raphael, was completed by Fillian. [Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Walpole's Anecd. of Painting, ed. Dallaway and Wornum; Le Blanc's Manuel de l'Amateur d'Estampes; Evelyn's Sculptura.] L. C. FILLS, ROBERT (A. 1562), translator from the French, published in 1562 'The Lawes and Statutes of Geneva, as well concerning Ecclesiastical Discipline as Civill Regiment, with certeine Proclamations duly executed, whereby God's religion is most purely mainteined, and their commonwealth quietli governed.' The volume contains a dedication to 'Lord Robert Duddley,' in which Fills explains that he has done his work to confute those who say 'against men of our profession' that 'we departed oute of this realme in the late tyme of banishement of Goddes churche onelye to this ende, to enjoye more unchastised freedome of sensuall lyfe.' In 1563 (according to HERBERT) appeared 'A Briefe and Piththie Summe of the Christian Faith, made in forme of a Confession, with a confutation of all such superstitious errours as are contrary thereunto. Made by Theodore de Beza. Translated out of Frenche by R. F.' In a long dedication to Lord Hastings Fills speaks of himself as 'knowing the author [Beza], and being somewhat acquainted with him,' and makes a fierce attack upon the secular pursuits of the English clergy, complaining of the 'myngle mangle of spirituall and temporall regiment,' and asserting that many cathedral churches are 'a very refuge and denne of ydell, ignoraunt, and unpreaching lubbers.' Several editions of this work were printed. In 1568, according to Tanner and Maunsell, Fills published 'Godly Prayers and Meditations paraphrasticallye made upon all the Psalmes very necessary for al the godly, translated out of Frenche into Englishe.' The book was published again in 1577, and a third time in 1590 with the title, taken from the dedication, of 'The Anatomie of the Soule.' Besides these there is an undated translation entitled 'Meditations of True and Perfect Consolation, declared in two tables: in the first is seven considerations of the evills which happen unto us; in the second seven considerations of the good we receive. Translated out of French by Rob. Fills.' [Tanner's Bibliotheca, p. 279; Ames's Typogr. Antiq. (Herbert); Maunsell's Cat. of English Printed Books, p. 50.] R. B. FILMER, EDWARD (A. 1707), dramatist, born in or about 1657, was the second son of Sir Robert Filmer, bart., of East Sutton, Kent, who died 22 March 1676, by his wife, Dorothy, daughter of Maurice Tuke of Layer Marney, Essex (BERRY, County Genealogies, Kent, p. 187). Hasted (Hist. of Kent, fol. ed., ii. 418 n. g) wrongly describes him as the 'second son of Sir Edward Filmer, who died in 1629.' He was himself seated at East Sutton. In 1672 he was admitted as founder's kin fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford, and took the degree of B.A. on 17 Dec. of that year, proceeding B.C.L. 21 Feb. 1675, D.C.L. 27 Oct. 1681 (Cat. of Oxford Graduates, 1851, p. 229). He wrote a lugubrious blank verse tragedy of extreme length, called 'The Unnatural Brother,' 4to, London, 1697, which appears to have been acted three times at the theatre in Little Lincoln's Inn Fields (GENEST, Hist. of the Stage, ii. 114). It met with a very cold reception,' which the author ascribes principally to his having 'made choice of too few persons in the drama, and that the stage was never filled; there seldom appearing above two at a time, and never above three, till the end and winding up of the whole. . . . If these must be thought faults now in our nicer age, I am sure they were not thought such heretofore by the Antients' (Preface). Part of this drama was reproduced by Pierre Antoine Motteux as The Unfortunate Couple; a short Tragedy,' in 'The Novelty,' &c., 4to, 1697. Filmer defended the stage against the attacks of Jeremy Collier in a sensible, well-written treatise entitled 'A Defence of Plays, or the Stage Vindicated, from several Passages in Mr. Collier's Short View, &c. Wherein is offer'd the most probable method of Reforming our Plays. With a Consideration how far Vicious Characters may be allow'd on the Stage,' 8vo, London, 1707. Collier replied in 'A Farther Vindication of the Short View,' &c., 8vo, London, 1708. Hasted (loc. cit.) is again wrong when he states that Filmer 'died in 1703. By license, dated 29 Jan. 1686-7, he married Archiballa, only daughter and heiress of Archibald Clinkard or Clenkard of Sutton Valence, Kent (CHESTER, London Marriage Licences, ed. Foster, col. 484), and was buried at East Sutton. [Baker's Biographia Dramatica (Reed and Jones), i. 242, iii. 371-2.] G. G. FILMER, SIR ROBERT (d. 1653), political writer, was the eldest son of Sir Edward Filmer, knighted by Elizabeth, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Argall (or Argol) of East Sutton, Kent. Sir Edward bought the manor of East Sutton from his brother- mentions 'Quæstiones Quodlibeticæ, a disin-law, John Argall of Colchester. Robert course whether it may be lawful to take use Filmer was at Trinity College, Cambridge, for money,' as written in 1630 and printed in and was matriculated 5 July 1604. John 1656. A tract with the same English title Grant dedicated to him Ambrose Fisher's was published in 1678, with a preface by Sir 'Defence of the Liturgy.' They had been con- Roger Twysden, who says that it was written temporaries at college, and Fisher had con- almost thirty years since.' A Latin tract ceived the work at the house of Filmer's called 'Quæstio Quodlibetica' was published uncle at Colchester. Filmer was knighted by at Cambridge in 1630, but it discusses the Charles I at the beginning of his reign. He lawfulness of bearing arms under a prince of married Anne, daughter and coheiress of Mar- another religion. Another tract attributed tin Heton, bishop of Ely, by whom he had to Filmer in the same list, 'Of the Blasphemie six sons and two daughters. He was a strong against the Holy Ghost,' 1646, is by John royalist, and suffered much during the civil Hales, in whose tracts (1677) it is reprinted. war. It is said that his house at East Sutton Filmer in the above treatises defends usury, was plundered ten times, and that in 1644 and, without expressly denying witchcraft, he was imprisoned in Leeds Castle 'in Kent. writes satirically against Perkins, its defender. He died 26 May 1653. His eldest son, Ed- His political treatises are a defence of the ward, died unmarried in 1669. His younger patriarchal theory, and an attack upon the son, Robert, became first baronet in 1674. social compact doctrine of Hobbes and others. He agrees with Hobbes's absolutism while objecting to his doctrine of the original base of government. Filmer is chiefly remembered through the first of Locke's Two Treatises on Government,' published in 1690, in which the Patriarcha' is attacked as the accepted manifesto of the absolutist party. It had also been attacked by Locke's friend, James Tyrrell, in a treatise called 'Patriarcha non Monarcha,' 1681. Mr. Gairdner points out that Filmer took a sensible view in the treatises upon usury and witchcraft, and thinks that his historical theory of the English constitution is more correct than that of his opponents, while his doctrine of the patriarchal origin of government is not more absurd than that of the social compact. If metaphysicians were to be condemned for the intrinsic absurdity of the doctrines which they have defended, few indeed would pass muster. But it can hardly be said that Filmer shows the powers of mind which give value to many fences of absurd theories. Locke says that so much 'glib nonsense was never put together in well-sounding English; Hallam says that it is hardly possible to find a more trifling and feeble work.' Macaulay's agreement with these great whig authorities might be expected, but a rehabilitation would not be easy. Wotton, after noticing Filmer's sufferings in 1644, says that he died in 1635, which is no doubt an accidental transposition of the above date given by Hasted. A letter from Heylyn to Filmer's son Edward in the' Patriarcha' speaks highly of the father's affability, learning, and orthodoxy, and regrets that they had been separated for some time before Filmer's death by Heylyn's loss of his preferment at Westminster. Filmer's chief work, the 'Patriarcha,' remained in manuscript till 1680. Other treatises were republished about the same time, as the tory party considered them suitable for the controversies of the day. A list is given in an anonymous preface to 'The Power of Kings, and in particular of the King of England...' first published in 1680. They are: 1. The Anarchy of a Limited and Mixed Monarchy,' 1648 (against Hunton). 2. The Freeholder's Grand Inquest,' 1648. 3. Observations concerning the Original of Government' (against Hobbes, Milton, and Grotius), 1652 (with the 'Anarchy,' &c., annexed). 4. Observations on Aristotle's Politiques touching Forms of Government,' 1652. 5. Advertisement to the Jurymen of England touching Witches, together with the difference between a Hebrew and an English Witch,' 1653; they were anonymous. Nos. 3 and 4 are mentioned by Heylyn. Copies of 1, 2, and 4 are in the British Museum. No. 2 has been attributed to Sir Robert Holbourne. They were published together in 1679, and in 1680 appeared also (6) the 'Patriarcha, or the Natural Power of Kings asserted... separately, and with a title-page, • Discourses,' to include the treatises of 1679. A second edition of the 'Patriarcha,' edited with an essay by Edmund Bohun [q. v.], appeared in 1685. The list above named also de [Wotton's Baronetage (1771), ii. 387 (the original documents from which Wotton wrote are in Add. MS. 24120, ff. 317, 319, 321); Cole in Add. MS. 5869, f. 26; Hasted's Kent. ii. 418; Gairdner's Studies in English History, pp. 273, 274; Hallam's Literature of Europe, iii. 339, 340; Macaulay's History, chap. i.] L. S. FINAN, SAINT (d. 661), bishop of Lindisfarne, was a monk of Iona, and succeeded Aidan [q. v.] in the see of Lindisfarne in 652. He was ordained in Scotland according to the rites of the Columban church. His diocese at Lindisfarne embraced nearly all Northumbria. He rebuilt his church, after the Scottish fashion, of oaken planks thatched with reeds, and devoted himself to missionary work outside Northumbria. His chief success was in Mercia. Oswiu, king of Northumbria, made the conversion of Peada, Penda's son, a condition of the marriage of the Mercian prince with his own daughter Alchfleda. Finan baptised Peada near the river Tyne, probably at Benwell, and consecrated Diuma, one of his priests, first bishop of Mercia. Similarly with the aid of King Oswiu Finan baptised Sigebert, king of the East-Saxons, at the same place. St. Cedd [q. v.] went from Mercia | as a missionary to Sigebert's kingdom, and was consecrated a bishop by Finan when on a visit to him at a later period, in consideration of his success. Finan observed the Columban method of celebrating Easter, and was impervious to argument on the point, although one Ronan, a Scottish priest, who had studied in France and Italy, endeavoured to change his views. Finan died on 31 Aug. 661, but his opposition to the Roman ritual deprived him of a place in the calendar. He appears, however, in the Scottish lists and in the Aberdeen breviary. [The Rev. Canon Raine in the Dictionary of Christian Biography; Colgan's Acta SS. Hiberniæ, i. 357; Hardy's Cat. i. 1, 59 (Rolls Ser.); Bædæ Eccl. Hist. iii. 21, 22, 25.] 1308 Dubois, Edward (1774-1850) Du Bosc, Claude (1682-1745 ?) under Dubourdieu, Jean. Dubourg, George (1799-1882). Dubourg, Matthew (1708-1767) Dubricius, in Welsh Dyfrig, Saint (d. 612) Ducie, second Earl of (1802-1853). Duck, Sir Arthur (1580-1648) Duck, Sir John (d. 1691) Duck, Nicholas (1570-1628) Duckenfield, Robert (1619-1689) Duckett, George (d. 1732) Duckett, James (d. 1601) Duckett, John (1618-1644) Duckett, William (1768-1841) Duckworth, Richard (f. 1695) Dudgeon, William (f. 1765) . See 81 81 See Duff, James, second Earl of Fife (1729-1809) 128 79 80 80 129 81 Duff, James, fourth Earl of Fife (1776-1857) 120 130 Duff, Robert (d. 1787) 131 Duff, William (1782-1815) 131 . Duff-Gordon. See Gordon. 82 Dufferin, Lady (1807-1867). See Sheridan, 83 Helen Selina. Duffet, Thomas (fl. 1678) 132 86 Duffield, William (1816-1863) 132 Duffy, Edward (1840-1868) Dufief, Nicolas Gouin (1776 ?-1884) 87 Dugard, Samuel (1645 ?-1697) 88 Dugard, William (1606-1662) 88 Dugdale, John (1628-1700). See under Dug- 89 Dugdale, Richard (fl. 1697) Dugdale, Stephen (1640 ?-1683) . 184 135 90 Dugdale, Sir William (1605-1686) 186 91 Dugrès, Gabriel (f. 1643) 148 Du Guernier, Louis (1677-1716) 143 Duhigg, Bartholomew Thomas (1750 ?-1813) 148 Duigenan, Patrick (1735-1816) 148 Duke, Edward (1779-1852) 144 Duke, Richard (1658–1711) 144 Dumaresq, Philip (1650?-1690) Dumbarton, Earl of (1636 ?-1692). See Dou- See Ward, glas, Lord George. Dumbleton, John of (fl. 1840). 146 Dumbreck, Sir David (1805-1876) 147 Du Moulin. See Moulin. Dudley, Ambrose, Earl of Warwick (1528?- Dun, Lord (1670-1758). See Erskine, David. 97 Dudley, Lady Amye, née Robsart (1532?- Dun, Sir Daniel (d. 1617). See Donne. . 147 Dudley, Sir Andrew (d. 1559) See Dudley, Dun, John (1570 ?-1681). See Downe. Edmund, ad fin. Dudley, Dud (1597–1684) 99 Dunbar, Earl of (d. 1611). See Home, Sir Dudley, Edmund (1462 ?-1510) 100 Dudley, Edward, fourth Baron Dudley (d. 1586). See under Dudley, John (Sutton) Dunbar, first Viscount. See Constable, Henry de, Baron Dudley. Dudley, Lord Guildford (d. 1554) 102 Dudley, Sir Henry Bate (1745-1824) Dudley, Howard (1820-1864) 104 Dunbar, Agnes, Countess of Dunbar and 150 Dudley, Lady Jane (1587-1554) 105 Dunbar, Gavin (1455 ?-1532) . 151 Dudley, John (Sutton) de, Baron Dudley Dunbar, Gavin (d. 1547) . 151 107 Dunbar, George (1774-1851) 153 Dudley, John, Duke of Northumberland Dunbar, James (d. 1798). 158 (1502 ?-1558) 109 Dudley, John, Lord Lisle and Earl of War wick (d. 1554). See under Dudley, John, Dudley, John (1762-1856) 111 Dudley, Lettice, Countess of Leicester (d. Dunbar, Patrick, tenth Earl of Dunbar and 154 154 Duncan I (d. 1040). 157 Dudley, Robert, Earl of Leicester (1532?- Duncan II (d. 1094) 158 112 Dudley, Sir Robert, styled Duke of Northum Duncan, Adam, Viscount Duncan (1781- 159 124 Dudley, William (d. 1483) 124 Duncan, Andrew, the younger (1778-1882) 161 163 . 163 Duesbury, William (1725-1786) 125 Duncan, Edward (1804-1882). 165 Duesbury, William (1763-1796) See under Duncan, Eleazar (d. 1660). See Duncon. Duesbury, William (1725-1786). Duncan, Henry (1774-1846) . 165 Duff (Dubh, the Black) (d. 967) Dudley, Sir H. p. 584. Lives in Supplement, Vol. XXII Dudley, Lord H. 584. Duff, Sir R. W. (styled R. W. D. Abercromby), 585. Duncan, J. M. 592. 125 Duncan, John (1721-1808) 166 |