OPPOSITION TO THE TARIFF. so much stability to our manufactures, as to enable vent law. We give below a decision of Baltimore county court in relation to the effect the bankrupt law of the United States, passed at the late extra session, upon the state insolvent law, which we believe to be interesting. demonstrates: Had revenue been the main object, the duties would not so far have transcended those levied during the early and pure days of the government. By the As faithful chroniclers of passing incidents and as first tariff of 1789, most of the duties were as low as Then revenue was much On Saturday last an argument was made before indicating the probable course of coming events, it five and ten per cent. their honors the judges of Baltimore county court, becomes our duty to register proceedings which needed to defray the current expenses of the govern full bench present, on the validity of the insolvent threaten the permanence of the existing laws regu-ment, and discharge the debt contracted during the laws of the State of Maryland, in their application lating trade or levying duties upon imports. That war of the revolution. From 1789, to the war of to the personal discharge of a debtor from arrest and an attempt will be made even at the ensuing session 1812, the tariff was altered from time to time, and imprisonment, since the bankrupt law has gone into of congress, to repeal the tariff act passed at the last yet scarcely an instance can be found in which the operation. A writ of habeas corpus being sued out, a session, is highly probable;-that a most formidable duty exceeded twenty per cent. Such was the modebtor was brought from the jail as an applicant for attempt is to be made at the session after the next, deration with which the taxing power was exercised, his release from imprisonment in virtue of the au- to effect its reveal there is no doubt. That we might at a time when the national debt greatly exceeded thority vested in the insolvent commissioners. The expect the law to be assailed by the combined influ- its present amount. During the last war, commerquestion was argued at considerable length by messrs.ence of every foreign interest, and by the indefatiga-cial intercouse was suspended, and an impulse was Nelson, Walsh and Gill, and this morning the court ble efforts of diplomatic skill of every commercial thereby given to our domestic manufactures. When delivered their decision in favor of the applicant, country in Europe, and through the more insidious the tariff of 1816 was passed, it was then thought, that thereby establishing the efficiency of the insolvent medium of foreign agencies in all their millions of moderate protection, for a few years, would impart law to secure the personal discharge of the debtor. ramifications throughout our trading avenues, we them, successfully, to encounter foreign competition. The case at bar did not involve any other of the have repeatedly signified. The question is strictly In this opinion Mr. Clay concurred; and he then repoints which belong to the subject, though the pre-American interests, in opposition to foreign interests, sent decision may be considered as virtually covering though we have no immediate prospect of foreign marked, that "three years would be sufficient to place the whole ground, and confirming the legality and hostilities, we have infallible testimony of foreign our manufactures on this desirable footing." Bit he validity of the insolvent system as it has been hith- demonstrations against the interests of our trade and knew not the extent of manufacturing cupidity, and, erto administered, thus affording the citizen the right our manufactures,-both of which they are avai in 1824, he zealously supported the high tariff of of becoming a bankrupt in a manner most agrecable cious of monopolizing for their own profit. Nor is that year. This was followed by the tarif of 1828, to his taste, according to the old or the new fashion, this the only, nor the chief point of danger. The and that o 1832. To such an extent was the policy the state or the national.-Clipper. American tariff is to he assailed by political parti- of protection pushed, that the preservation of the United States bankrupt law and the Maryland insol-zans for local and political party objects. The tag union and the peace of the country were endan of "REPEAL" "REPEAL," was hoisted the very day gered. The passize of the compromise allayed that the bill passed congress. That there is to be an agitation, and restored tranquillity. This act was organized effort for that object the following article the result of me and consession, and may be regarded as a compact between the agricultural and oder totena esfieturing interests on the one hand, and the manufacturing interest on the other, made by then respective representatives in conIt guarantied protection to the manufacturgress. ing interest for nine years, with the understanding, that the duties should be reduced to twenty per cent. on the 30th of June, 1842, and that, thereafter, dupurpose of raising such revenue as may be necessa ties should be laid not for protection, but "for the ry to an economical aministration of the govern ment."* Revenue was the only object, according to the compromise, for which duties were to be impesed after the first of July last. This measure carried with it a pledge between the conflicting interests of the country, as solemn as any which could be imposed by legislation-Mr. Clay spoke of it as a "treaty turb; and General Harrison said, "I am for supportof arity and reare," which no statesman could dising the compromise, and never will agree to its being repealed." The agricultural, and other non-manufacturing interests faithfully observed it. They did more: Such was their liberality and magnanimity, that they abstained from an earlier reduction of duties than actually occurred, a right clearly sustained by the compromise,-the 6th section of which authorized congress "in the comin geney either of excess or deficiency of revenue," to alter We, the democratic party of Buckingham, con- the duties prior to the 30 June, 1542, and "alvened in primary assembly, deem it important to just the revenue to either of the said contigenour interests and our rights, to make known our opi- cics." There was au excess of revenue in 1835, and nions of the new tariff bill-a law, in relation to twenty-eight millions were loaned to the several which, longer silence might be construed into appro- states. Then, the anti-tariff party had a right to reval or acquiescence. Efforts have been made to quire a reduction of the duties and in forbearing to create the impression, that the public sentiment of do so, they evinced towards the manufacturers a hiVirginia has undergone a radical change upon the berality not likely to be reciprocated. After the subject of a protective tariff. Although many of the southern people had thus acted, when the benents of whigs of this state, who were formerly clamorous the compromise were about to enure to them by a against a tariff for protection, are now its advocates, return, not to free trade, but to a 20 per cent, standwe are confident that a large majority of the people ard of duties, the manufacturers, eager for gain, will be found consistently and faithfully adhering to thankless for past favors, heedless of past dangers, their principles. It devolves upon the people of other and in utter violation of every thing like good faith, counties to decide, whether they will remain silent called for renewed protection. In his speech i supand permit their views to be misrepresented, or co- port of the compromise, Mr. Clay said, "give us operate with us in publicly condemning this obnox- time; cease all fluctuations and agitations for nine ious measure, and urging a reduction of the duties to years, and the manufacturers in every branch will sastain themselves against foreign competition. They have The object of the meeting was explained by Robert T. Hubard, esq. in a few remarks, who concluded by saying that, as it was late, he would offer to the meeting the following preamble and resolutions, which were adopted, to wit: a fair revenue standard. To a tariff, honestly framed for the purpose of rais-had protection again and again during the last twening revenue sufficient for an economical administra- ty-six years and instead of being able now to sus tion of the government, we are friendly; but we are tain themselves against foreign competition, we find decidedly hostile to any tariff which is nominally for them visiting Washington, appealing to congress, and revenue, yet substantially for protection. Taxation, like sturdy beggars imploring protection with an when moderate, uniform and really necessary to meet earnestness worthy of a better cause. "Who" (said the exigencies of an economical administration, will, J. B. Say) are the classes of the community so imnot arouse the indignation, or call forth the remon- portunate for heavy import duties? The producers strances of freemen. It is when the taxes are ex- of the particular commodity, that apply for proteccessive, or unequally levied and particular interests tion from competition, not the consumers of that thereby fostered to the prejudice of others, that op- commodity. The public interest is their plea, but position and remonstrances are becoming and justifi- self-interest is evidently their object. Well, but, say able. Equality of benefits, and equality of burdens these gentry, are they not the same thing? Are not are essential attributes of a just and wise adminis our gains national gains? By no means-whatever tration. Had not the present tarif imposed unequal profit is acquired in this manner, is so much taken and excessive burdens, we should have remained out of the pockets of a neighbor and fellow citizen: silent; but the present law is in our opinion, highly Upon this question we mean to intimate no opihion. Nor do we mean to give any intimation of an opinion on the question how far, where an act of bankruptey has, in fact, been committed, it is within the power of the state tribunals. to discharge the person-this question not necessarily arising in the case before us. We abstain, also, from expressing beneficial to one branch of industry, and oppressive *Mr. Webster, in his late speech at Boston alauded any opinion how far, as to all cases not covered by upon others. In several instances the duty is from to be coa promise, and safirit was on aḍi willed, Bankrupt law, our state insolvent laws are in 50 to 150 per cent., and the average duty is estimat-in effect, proposed to restrict future legislatures from rais The petitioner is discharged. [Balt. Clipper. ed at 36 per cent upon the aggregate of imports.-ing the duties beyond 20 per cent., after 1842. # had applied for the benefit of the bankrupt law, entitled his special bail to have an exoneratur entered upon the bail picce, and the bail was accordingly discharged. "The First Ball. In the matter of the petition of H. Schutz, for a ha- county, is worthy of public attention. Its principles be made in favor of the order of the commissioners. The states, independent of the bankrupt law, possessed full power to discharge imprisoned debtors from confinement, and of consequence, to impose the terms and conditions upon which such discharge shall be granted. And notwithstanding the bankrupt law, it is competent for them to discharge from confinement the debtor, if in doing so, they do not conflict with the bankrupt law. In the case supposed, we cannot conceive how any conflict would arise-certainly none exists in the fact of discharge, nor could it well arise, for if the insolvent, notwithstanding his application to the state courts, should afterwards apply by petition for benefit of the bankrupt law, the property of the petitioner would either pass to the assignee in bankruptcy, or it would not. In neither event would the personal discharge create any conflict. There might be a conflict of title as to the property, and if such should arise, the law of congress must prevail. But it is not believed there would be a conflict of title, because the con veyance to the trustee is for the benefit of all the creditors, and such conveyance could scarcely be decined fraudulent and void under the bankrupt law. If the applicant in the courts of the United States be found guilty of fraud, and do not obtain his certificate, while in the courts of the state he should be acquited, still there would be no conflict, so far as the discharge of the person is concerned, for, as to the validity of the personal discharge the courts of the state would have to decide that. The Richmond Enquirer of the 21st mit. contains the proceedings of a meeting of the daocratic party" of Buckingham county Virgisda,which the editor attracts attention to by the following endorsement. It must be observed, that we are not called upon in this case to decide any question as to the final discharge, under the insolvent laws, so far as the same my effect any contracts which he has made subsequent to the law, and that inquiry not arising here, the question being simply as to the efficacy of the personal discharge. BUCHINGHAM COUNTY. At a meeting of the democratic party of the county of Buckingham held at the tavern of Mr: Edward Puryear, at Buchingham court house, on the evening of the 10th October, 1842-on motion, Major Charles Yancey was called to the chair, and col. Joseph Fuqua, appointed secretary. and. if the excess of charge thrown upon consumers bales to send to foreign markets. In 1820, the ex- The importing merchants of New York in their by the monopoly could be correctly computed, it ports of raw cotton amounted, in value to twenty-memorial to congress at the extra session of '41, would be found, that the loss of the consumer ex-two millions of dollars, while those of 1840 amount-state the charges of importation at seven and a half ceeds the gain of the monopolist. Here, then, indi-ed to nearly sixty-four millions of dollars. per cent. Add this to the average duty of 36 per vidual and public interest are in direct opposition to After supplying the home market with tobacco, centum imposed by the present tariff and we find, each other. There is in general far too little atten- we exported, in 1841, 147,700 hogsheads-worth up-that upon the whole imports, the comsumer must tion paid to the serious mischief of raising prices wards of thirteen millions of dollars. pay 43 per cent, over and above the profits charged upon the consumers. The evil is not apparent to After supplying our home demand for rice, we ex-by the importer. In the competition between the cursory observation, because it operates piece-meal, port an annual surplus of about two millions of dol- importing merchants and the manufacturer, it is oband it is felt in a very slight degree on every pur-lars. In 1841, after supplying our home demand for vious, that the latter has decidedly the advantage.chase or act of consumption; but it is really most flour and pork, we exported nearly eight millions of Had the duties not excceded 20 per cent. on the serious, on account of its constant recurrence and dollars worth of the former, and two and a half mil-average, the domestic manufacturers would have enuniversal pressure. The whole fortune of every con- lions worth of the latter. joyed the advantage of 27 per cent. over the imsumer is affected by every fluctuation of price in the The foreign market is more important to us than porting merchant, and the incidental encouragement articles of bis consumption-the cheaper they are, ever. For more than one hundred millions of our thus afforded by a just and moderate revenue tarifl the richer he is, and vice versa. If a single article productions, we have, annually, to seek a foreign is all that the manufacturers ought to desire. But, rise in price, he is so much poorer in respect of that market, and no one goes there more cheerfully or to a tariff so framed as to yield a large revenue they article; if all rise together, he is poorer in respect to promptly than the domestic manufacturer, whenever are opposed, as they want the duties either prohibithe whole." he finds it to his interest to do so. One generation tory, or so high as greatly to diminish imports, and The only protection which government ought to af- has passed away since the manufacturers promised thereby lessen foreign competition, while a tariff, ford, is protection against fraud, oppression or vio- to make us independent of the foreign trade, while, imposed strictly for revenue, is not designed to prolence. If a particular pursuit is profitable, a suffi- in fact, we are now dependent upon the foreign mar-hibit or much diminish imports, because without cient number of persons will engage in it, without ket for the sale of double, or nearly double the quan-imports, duties cannot be obtained. The resources the stimulus of legislative encouragement, and, if it tity of agricultural products, which were exported of the treasury are weakened by diminished imports, be unprofitable, it should be abandoned. Govern- from the United States, twenty years ago. In 1521, while the profits of the manufacturers are greatly ment have always been too fond of interfering with the domestic Exports of the country were forty-three enhanced by the same cause. the pursuits of mankind. Individual sagacity, shar- and a half millions, and our imports nearly sixty-five Nor are these all the evils flowing from exorbitant pened by personal interest, is fully competent to millions. In 1841, the exports of domestic produce and unequal duties. They injuriously affect the judge of the advantages and disadvantages of any were one hundred and six millions, and the imports navigating interest. They offer great inducements employment; and it would be discreditable to free- nearly one hundred and twenty-eight millions. These to evasions of the law and the regulations of the men, to suppose that they, interested in their success facts are referred to, as exhibiting the progress made custom houses, and they stimulate smuggling-a and welfare, making it the subject of anxious inquiry by the manufacturing interest, in realizing their crime easily committed and with difficulty detected and deep study, are not as capable as their govern- Utopian scheme, of rendering us independent of fo-along the extended frontier of our country. They ment of judging what pursuits will best promote reign markets. tend also to impair public confidence in the equity their own and the national prosperity. We utterly A war upon imports may be regarded as a war and impartiality of the government. Let the friends deny the right of the federal government to legislate, upon exports, since the trade of nations consists al-of a high tariff remember and profit by the lessons of for the mere benefit of any class of laborers, and, if most exclusively of the exchange of those products the past. The deep indignation and wide spread the power had been granted, we would oppose its ex- which each nation finds it most advantageous and discontent occasioned by the tariff of 1828 should adercise, because of its tendency to abuse and mischief. profitable to make. The ability of foreign nations monish them, that it is more wise to obey the dictates The labor employed in manufacturing, is only one to buy of us, depends upon our ability and willing-of justice, than the suggestions of avarice. No paelement of home industry, and we have yet to learn ness to buy of them. High duties diminish imports, triot can desire to see the different states alienated why it is, that labor thus applied, should be encour impair the demand for our products, deprive us of from each other, or from that federal government, aged by legislation, in preference to labor employed many advantages arising from a fair competition be- whose pride and pleasure it should be to strengthen in agriculture, and other pursuits. The number of tween the foreign and domestic manufacturer, and the bonds of affection and friendship, by dispensing persons in the United States engaged in manufactur- are prejudicial to us as producers as well as consu-even handed justice to the north and the south, the ing, as compared with the number employed in agri-mers. No prudent man will make at home what it east and the west. culture, is as one to 14; and notwithstanding this costs him more to make than to purchase. The fargreat disparity in numbers, the manufacturers have, mer, hatter, tailor, shocinaker, &c. find it conducive by their activity, combination and other expedients, to their mutual interest to exchange the products of succeeded in obtaining the ascendancy, and are now their labor. In like manner, when a foreign country enjoying the benefits of a law which, under the dis- will supply our wants upon cheaper terms than we guise of revenue, offers insult, while it inflicts injury can have them supplied at home, it is our interest to upon the other classes. Why should the rights and cherish and uphold foreign commerce. "But if you interests of the vast majority be sacrificed upon the do, say the manufacturers, we shall be ruined. The altar of the manufacturer? Why should fourteen to- English manufacturer can borrow money at very low bacco planters of Virginia excite the patriotic solici-interest, and command labor three times as cheap, tude of congress, less than one cotton manufacturer and in consequence of these and other advantages, the domestic manufacturer is unable to compete with The committee on manufactures examined several the foreigner; and you, planters and other consumers, manufacturers during the last session of congress, will voluntarily pay for our goods a higher price and appended their answers to the report of the com-than the foreigner asks for a similar article. Then mittee. Mr. Schenck, a wealthy proprietor of a we must appeal to congress, and use every artifice to large woollen factory in New York, stated to the obtain a tariff which will keep our foreign rivals out 4. That we utterly repudiate the doctrine of incommittee, that less than a duty of fifty per cent. of our way; and as the foreign competition dimin- cidental protection, as we understand it to be held and on the foreign cost of woollens, will not sustain the ishes, you consumers will find our prices advance, maintained by the whig party of the country, and we domestic manufacturer." He has been engaged in and our prosperity promoted." believe no protection just or proper, but such as nethe woollen manufacture for many years, and in the "In every country (Adam Smith, Ch. III,) it al-cessarily results from a tariff laid solely with a view same communication he observes, that "half. if not ways is, and must be to the interests of the great to raise the amount of revenue necessary for an ecomore of the woollen manufacturers, during the peri- body of the people to buy whatever they want of nomical administration of the government upon the od of nineteen years, have become bankrupt!" The those who sell it cheapest. The proposition is so very scale at once the cheapest and which bears most census returns for 1840 show, that the products of manifest, that it seems ridiculous to take pains to equally upon all classes and interests of the country. the labor of each individual, employed in agricul- prove it; nor could it ever have been called in quesuations, is fallacious and fanciful, and derogatory to ture, were $214, while those of the labor of each in- tion, had not the interested sophistry of merchants the character and understanding of the American dividual, employed in manufactures, were $500-in and manufacturers confounded the common sense of manpeople. other words, that the labor of each manufacturer was kind. Their interest is, in this respect, directly opworth $72 more than that of two farmers. If Mr.posed to that of the great body of the people."" Schenck told the truth-if half of the woollen manu- England is often referred to by the tariff party, as facturers in the United States have failed during the affording conclusive evidence of the great prosperity last nineteen years, protected as they were by the resulting from high duties, and a country whose politariffs of '16, 24, 28, 32, and the compromise, does cy, in this respect, is entitled to our applause and not the fact of such failure demonstrate the folly of imitation. Her power and wealth are admitted, and continuing to grant protection? And if, on the other both have become great in despute of the restrictive Resolved, That this meeting cordially approve the hand, we admit the truth of the census returns-if system. But as to her prosperity, of millions of the products of the labor of each manufacturer are paupers and millions of expenditures for their relief preposition which has been made for holding a deworth $72 more than the productions of two farmers, if the excessive labor required of those employed cratic convention in Richmond, some time in is there any necessity or justice in protecting the in- in the factories and their stiuted compensation March next; and we hereby invite a meeting at the dustry of a class already more prosperous than any their destitution and profagacy-mobs and riots-November court for this county, for the purpose of other in the community? frequent strikes for higher wages--and hard struggles appointing delegates to said convention. For our comfort and consolation, the manufactu- for subsistance, are proofs of English prosperity, then rers tell us, they intend to make us independent of the manufacturers of our country are welcome to foreign nations, and give us a home market for our make the most of them. Mr. Bulwer, of the house agricultural products. This has been their song for of commons has stated in one of his published works a quarter of a century. A brief reference to facts that the agricultural labor of France earns one-third will show the futility of such promises. After hav- more wages that the agricultural labor of England; ing enjoyed protection for twenty-six years, the cot- and highly as the tariff party extol the prosperity of ton manufacturers of the United States consume England, we find our manufactures asserting, that 300,000 bales of cotton. The annual production of labor there is three times as cheap as it is here, and cotton in our country, is upwards of two millions of hence they claim protection, and wish to deprive the bales-from which deduct the home consumption of consumers of the benefits arising from the cheap la300,000 bales, and we have a surplus of 1,700,000 | bor of Europe. Entertaining these sentiments, we therefore resolve, 1. That in our opinion, the present tariif imposes excessive and unequal taxes, and will have a tendency to diminish the industry, impede the prosperity, and corrupt the morals of the people. 2. That the present tariff ought to be so altered that protection should be disregarded, and that not one cent should be collected further than is necessary for revenue. at Lowell? 5. That the doctrine, that the domestic manufacturers when aided by protective duties, will render our country commercially independent of foreign Resolved, That we extend to our representatives in congress, the hon. E. W. Hubard, upon his retur among us, assurances of our cordial approval of his Cour-e in congress during the late and also during the extra session of the present ecogress, and especially of his firm and able opposition to a protective tarifi. apportioned and imposed for the purpose of raising 3. That while we are not opposed to taxes equally revenue adequate for an economical administration of the government, we maintain that taxes levied on the people for the benefit of any class of men, are equally irreconcilable with justice, sound judgment and the principles of the constitution. resolutions, Thomas S. Bocock, esq., offered the folAfter the adoption of the foregoing preamble and lowing resolutions which were adopted unanimously to wit: Resolved, That the proceeding of this meeting he sigued by the chairman and secretary, and forwarded to the Rich nond Esquirer for publication, CHARLES YANCEY, caairman Jos. Fuqua, secretary. CHRONICLE. are Letters have been received from Siam, stating that the of the population, and throughout the six eastern states rev. Henry G. S. French died at Bankok, in February there is an average of one professional man to every 195 last, aged 35 years. Mr. French was born in Boscawen of the population. This great preponderancy of the proAMERICAN POTATOES. The Europeans virtually de- N. H. and was bred to the profession of a printer. As fessions over and above the wants of society is witnessed prived the western continent of the credit to which it such he went to Siam to take charge of a press at Ban- in every state in the Union. Even in the new territories greater than in any of the states, it being one to every was entitled, of introducing those "glorious little mouth-kok, the capital of Siam, and also to preach and to teach of Wisconsin and lown, the proportion of professions is fulls," the Irish potatoes, to the eating family. Our only for which duties he had been subsequently educated. Another revolutionary hero gone. Benjamin Eaton, 119 persons, so that it would seem that the avenues to way to remedy this, is to produce a second edition, "enlarged and improved," and if we are to believe the Bayou whom a correspondent of the Middletown, Orange co. which a new country might be supposed to open, Sara (Miss.) Ledger, the fertile resources of South Aine- New York Courier, designates as "the last of Washing- already filled to overflowing. rica are adequate to the task. The "vine potato planton's life guard," died at Cuddebackville, on the 16th ult. the seed of which from thence was taken to England aged 85 years, "having served his country through the and is attracting attention there is said to be prolific be- whole course of the revolutionary war, encountered its yond any thing of the vegetable species. The fruit grows enemies in sixteen different battles; and during the time, above ground; a single potato forming a vine of splen- served three and a half years in gen. Washington's life did green foliage, sufficient to cover a good sized arbor; guard, and also over one year in the late war." His rehanging to this vine, may be seen the fruit, in all sorts mains were buried with military honors and every testiof fantastic forms, and in all stages of advancement to mony of respect. perfection. General Joseph Desha, ex-governor of Kentucky, died DONATIONS. The St. Louis Republican says that the ELECTIONS take place in Mississippi on the 7th and 8th, 160 BANKRUPTS. The whole number of applicants for the benefit of the bankrupt law up to the 22d inst. in the northern district of New York was 3 235. THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL ROAD. of this road which remained to connect this city with Cumberland was completed and put in operation on the 3d inst. This is an important link in communicating with the west. The distance of this road now in operation is 178 miles, and is performed in 10 hours. Onward, onward with the enterprize to the Ohio river. BOSTON REPRESENTATIVES. The city council, in convention of the two branches, determined that it is expedient to elect thirty five persons to represent Boston in [Boston Transcript. the next general court. BANK ITEMS The Bank of England reports to have £9,316,000 in vault. Money is offered freely at two and a half to three per cent. In 1839, by allowing importation of grain, the bank bullion fell from ten millions to two and a half mithons, and the directors were compel led to resort to the French banks for relief. They learnt wisdom by the exigency, and have pursued a policy since, which now exhibits itself. In 1839, after the bad harvest of 1938, they continued to expand their issues, and to keep money cheap by facilitating loan advances on various securities at low rates, erroneously conceiving that they could compensate the drain on their bullion chest by throwing out more paper. In 1842, after the bad harvest of 1341, the course followed was precisely the reverse. The directors prudently pursued a stringent policy, keeping money scarce and prices low, so as to maintain a favorable course of exchange. The different result from the adoption of sound principles of management-that of governing the circulation by the foreign In the latter, from obeyexchanges is demonstrated. ing that rule, the Bank of England has regained her strength, and her coffers are replenished by an overflow EX-VICE PRESIDENT colonel Richard M. Johnson, after visiting his friends in Philadelphia, proceeded to the state of New York, where the latest accounts left him. He is warmly greeted in all directions. of bullion. The bank of France in official account of its position and opera i ns for the last quar er states that the specie in the bank amounted to 205,377,260f. the bills discouned to 151,903,643f. the advances on bullion to 3,741.300f, The and the loans on public securities to 20,971,604f. other side of the account shows that the amount of notes in circulation was 224,042,567f, the balance due to the treasury in account current, 131,254,793f; and the balance due on private deposit accounts, 35,327,675f. It appears from this statement that the specie in the Bank of France is only 19,465,3071, less than the amount of their notes in circulation, a difference equal to about £763,000. The assignees of the Bank of the United States have filed a bill of discovery, in the nature of an equity pro ceeding, in the district court, against Nicholas Biddle, esq. asking that he may be called upon to answer, under oath, how and for what purposes he expended large sums of money belonging to the late bank, obtained by him upon certain checks, tickets, receipts and orders passed between him and John Andrews, first assistant Cashier of the bank. The suns which the plainuffs say Mr. Biddle thus drew from the b nk amount to $396,000; the whole of which, they say, was applied to unlawful purposes, and to promote Mr. Biddle's own private views. RHODE ISLAND. A salute of twenty-five guns was firA gun was ed at Providence from Federal Hill, on Thursday last, After the firing, a round in honor of the recent Van Buren victories. fired for every state in the union, except Rhode Island, people's constitution. where liberty is not enjoyed. of hearty cheers were given for Governor Dorr, and the | FLOUR. Price at Boston $4 50 a $4 62; at New York The last news from England has depressed the prices SHIP BUILDING. During the year ending on the 30th September, 1841, there were built in the United States, 114 ships, 101 brigs, 311 schooners, 157 sloops, and 78 steamboats-the aggregate tonnage of which was 118 893 Of the ships 35 were built in Maine, and 50 in Massachusetts, 3 in Maryland; none south of Maryland. Of the steamboats, 32 were built in Ohio and 19 in Ken tucky. SPECIE. The steamer Alabama, from Havana, brought to New Orleans on the 21st ult. $50,000 in fore the expiration of the month there would be $150,000 received from Spanish ports. specie. The Picayune, on that date, thought that be The present rate of exchange will make it an object to send specie to this country from both England and France. 1 FIRE. A large tobacco warehouse, at Richmond, Va., owned by Archibald Thomas, was destroyed on the morning of the 29th ult., together with 490 hhds, fine to bacco, valued at $35,000-total loss estimated at $80,000, of which about half was covered by insurances. Specie is going from New York to New Orleans, conThe ship Lonisa, which artrary to the usual current. rived at N. Orleans on the 24th ult. from New York, had on board $116.000 in specie. COAL TRADE. The Schuylkill coal trade to Thursday last, was 449,949; tons; Lule Schuylkill, 22,612; Mine Hill and Schu lkill Haven rail road, 184 433; Mill Creek do., 35.014; Schuylkill Valley do, 77,437; Mount Carbon do., 83,352. Shipments from the Leuigh Re. gion, up to the 25th instant, about 229,000 tons. MORMONISM, is stated in English papers to be rapidly increasing in that country. Five thousand are said to be preparing to embark for the city of Nauvoo, and nearly that number have recently arrived there. Meantime their prophet, Joe Smith, has found it advisable to keep out of the way of the authorities of the state of Illinois, and disregards the requisition from the governor of Missouri Ten of his late disciples are stated to have left their faith. COTTON. Prices advanced a fraction, in England in consequence of the destuction of so large a quantity by the fire at Liverpool which is ascertained to have consumed 41,947 bags, of which 33,181 were American and 422 were Sea Island, but in a few days, the price subsided again to former rates-and by the latest arrivals we learn that it had declined 1-8. lower than the previous week. The imports at Liverpool, of the week ending the 7th was 1,180 bales-the sales 16,400 bales. DEATHS during the last week in Philadelphia 77, of which 25 were under one year of age. Seven died of consumption. STEAMERS. The splendid iron steamer Brigand, 600 The Presbyterian syned of tons barthen, and 200 horse engine, built two years MARRIAGE QUESTION. New Jersey, which convened last week at Elizabeth- since at a cost of £32,000 sterling, and since employed town, decided that it is not incestuous for a man to marry in the trade between Bristol and Liverpool, took 200 the sister of his deceased wife, and the synod calls upon tons of coal and a large quantity of patent fuel on board upon a rock on the Scilly Islands, on the 12th ult., and the general assembly to rescind the rule forbidding such for consumption on a voyage to St. Petersburg, run two plates of the bluff of her bow were driven in. She marriages. rebounded from the rock, but in instant afterwards, struck again, broadside on, the force of which blow may be in some mensure conceived from the fact, that it ac tually drove a large portion of her paddle wheel through her side into the engine room. four compartments, the plan adopted in iron ships, or she would have gone down instantly, 2 of her compartments being now barst, and the water rushing into them at a most fearful rate. By the two shocks four and a half plates were destroyed, and four angle-jrons were gone in the engine room. The two compartments aft, being still water tight, she continued to float, and every exertion was used by her commander, Capt. Hunt, for upwards of two hours to save her, when the crew took to the boats, and shortly afterwards she went down, about 7 miles from the rock, in about 35 fathoms water. The vessel was built in The New York Express of the 2d states, that drafts predicated on said shipment, bought at 7 per cent discount, had already reached that city, realising at least four per cent profit to the shippers! MORUS MULTICAULIS. The leaves of this prolific plant, so much superior to those of all other varieties of the mulberry as food for the silk worm, are, it would seem, about to be turned to another good account. The Peters burg (Va.) Intelligencer of the 224 instant states that Dr. P. C. Spencer, of that place, with the assistance of Mr. William Miller, manager of the Matoaca Paper Mill, has succeeded in manufacturing excellent paper from the leaves. The editors of the Intelligencer add that they have now in their possession several numbers of their issue of the 224 instant printed on the paper thus manufactured. SUGAR. The new crop is beginning to reach N. Orleans. Ten hhds. from the plantation of Tho. Milue, esq., of Ibervilie, was the first at market. NEWSPAPERS. Mr. Jefferson used to say, that those who patronized and paid for slanderous and scurrilous newspapers, were the real authors of the slander and scurrility. PORK AND BEEF. The Alton, Illinois Telegraph, says "a market will be found this winter in this city for all the pork that will be brought in. The price, however, will be low-very low; varying from one to two dollars CENTRAL AMERICA. The account of the recent ex-per hundred-and none but choice and very heavy hogs ploration of the plains of Yucatan, by Stevens and will command the latter price. As to beef, there will be but very little, if any, purchased. The fatal consequences that have attached to every person who has touched Catherwood, we are told, will be issued from the press in two or three weeks. The volumes will contain 115 rich beef for the last five years, will have the effect of driving engravings, illustrative of the vast antiquities and disco all the knowing ones from the market." veries with which they met in that interesting region. TOBACCO. The Richmond Enquirer gives gloomy ac Maryland crop is now generally housed, and is spoken of as fair in quality but short in quantity. counts of the tobacco crop this season in Virginia. The The transactions of the week before last in Baltimore were light-prices looking down. The inspections a mounted to 668 hhds., of which 47 were Ohio and 4 Virginia. Little has been done in the article this week. The inspecions comprise 231 Maryland, 55 Kentucky, 36 Onio and 34 Missouri-total 356 hhds. Prices as before. PITTSBURG CANNON. We learn from capt. Chauncey, THE TARIFF. The English continue to complain of the American tariff, and discuss the act as one calcu lated to affect materially the British manufacturing dis tricts. WHEAT. Prine red is selling at 70 to 80 cer ts at Baltimore; white 90 to 100 cents; inferior 50 to 75 cents. At Philadelphia 84 to 88 cents for prime Pennsylvania. YUCATAN. The schooner Freeland arrived at New Orleans on the 24th ult, from Campeachy, with dates to to resist the expected attack of the Mexican squadron, the 10th ult, The inhabitants of that town were collecting provisions and making all suitable preparations which was expected every hour. Don Juan Pablo Cey iran, the commodore of the squadron, was undergoing were only awaiting the arrival of their fleet to commence his trial for treason. It was reported there that the Cen tralists were at Champeton, twenty leagues distant, and hostilities. The inhabitants of the island of Carmen have proclaimed for Santa Anna and the plan of Tacubaya, saying "that they are now fully convinced that it is the only means by which Mexican honor and the integrity of the national territory can be preserved." NILES' NATIONAL REGISTER. FIFTH SERIES.-No. 11.-VOL. XIII.] BALTIMORE, NOVEMBER 12, 1842. [VOL. LXIII.-WHOLE No. 1,624. THE PAST--THE PRESENT--FOR THE FUTURE. minister to the U. States. NATIONAL AFFAIRS. STATES OF THE UNION-New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island Connecticut, Georgia, Ohio, New Jersey, Tennessee, Illinois, Iowa. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED, EVERY SATURDAY, BY JEREMIAH HUGHES, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER UM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. CONTENTS OF NO. 11, VOL. 13. The Hanover Gazette of the 14th instant con- ployment, there is no consolation in the cheapness of FOREIGN AFFAIRS-official ratification of the treaty of tains a roval ordinance, by which his majesty king the lowest food, when clothing, coals, capness of Washington by the British government-new French Ernest gives his consent to the marriage of the prince equally indispensable things cannot possibly be obroyal with the princess Alexandrina Maria of Saxe tained. A gentleman of excellent abilities and largeAltenburg. ly engaged in commerce returned this morning from The marriage of the princess Mary of Prussia Yorkshire, and says that his friends in various parts with the prince royal of Bavaria, was celebrated at of that manufacturing country view the aproach of Berlin on the 5th inst. The royal couple left short-winter "with dismay." The corn duties were yesterday declared unchangly afterwards for Munich, where they were to be married on the 12th, according to the rites of the ed; on foreign wheat the rate being 18s. per quarter catholic church, in the Chapel of All Saints. for the ensuing week. 19 The emperor arrived at Warsaw on the 10th ult. All the houses were immediately illuminated, and a great crowd filled the street till late at night. On his way to church next day he was loudly cheered by the people. For several succeeding nights the whole city was illuminated. The price of bar iron is again lower, both in Staffordshire, Shropshire, and Wales. The best price for flat iron for railways, if any should be wanted for the American market in anticipation of the 1st. of March, would not be over £5 58. per ton. American stocks are still only saleable in small amounts, excepting that Pennsylvania 5 per cents could be disposed of more largely if any holder would accept about 1 per cent. below the last prices from the United States. Ohio stocks have been in vain offered at 70 for some days past. EUROPEAN COMMENTS ON THE TREATY OF WASHINGTON. of the treaty. FOREIGN ARTICLES. GREAT BRITAIN. There has been recently found, says a Belgian jourThe Great Western arrived at New York on the nal, amongst a heap of old books, purchased at St. evening of the 6th instant, with news from Liver-Trond, the sixth known copy of the first Bible printpool to the 22d ult. 3 days later than by last arrival, ed at Mentz. One copy was purchased in 1816 by and from Paris to 20th.. Louis XVIII, for 20,000f. The Great Western, owing to the new tariff, has a cargo very limited in quantity, but contains some valuable property. She brings out considerably more than one hundred passengers, among whom are Virgil Maxcy, esq. U. S. ambassador to Belgium, and lady; Mons. Pageot, charge d'affairs from Paris to Washington, lady and family; Mons. Destonet, of Philadelphia. bearer of despatches from the Ameri can legation at Paris; W. S. Derrick, esq. bearer of despatches from the American legation at London to the United States, containing the new treaty; Mons. Anthony Sampayo, attache to the legation of the United States at Paris; Louis Borg de Balzan, vice consul of France at New York; Viscomte de Cra-3 mayal. Mr. Derrick brings the official ratification of the treaty with the U. States of America. The preliminaries for the marriage of her royal highness the princess Augusta of Cambridge, have been finally arranged, and the nuptial ceremony will take place at no very distant day. The Calcutta Star tells an affecting anecdote of the retreat from Ghuznee:-"The death of lieutenant Lumsden and his young wife is confirmed, and the details of their fate as now narrated, are of a most melancholy and painful character. It is stated that, when he fell desperately wounded, his young wife threw herself upon his body, and implored him not to leave her to fall into the hands of the enemy; when he, with a last effort, drew his pistols from his belt and put an end first to her sufferings and then to his own." MONEY MARKET-Friday evening. The permanent stocks continue to advance with the gradual increase of business, but there is nothing like speculative movement in the market. Consols for money and the account were, at the close of the day, quoted 93 to 7-9; bank stock, 165 to 1664; exchequer bills, 56s. to 58s. premium; India bonds, 47s. to 495. premium. Three per cents. Reduced, 93 to; three and a half per cents. reduced 100% to 3; new three and a half per cents. 100 to, and long annuities, 123. Lord Advocate Sir William Rae expired on the 19th ult., at St. Catharine's, his country seat, near Edinburgh. Paris October 20. Five per cents. 118f. 90c.; four and a half per cents. 106f. 60c.; four per cents, 102f.; per cents, 80f. 80f. 5c. 10c. 15c.; bank actions, 3,270f; Rente de Naples, 108f. 30c. 25c.; Romans, 106; Spanish actives, 21 1-8 3-8 1-4 1-8 32; Spanish differes 9 1-2; Belgian five per cents, 103; do. 1840, 104 3-8; Belgian bank, 805f. Haytian loan, 580f. 577f. 50c.; exchange on London, one month, paper, 25f. 60c. money, 25f. 57 1-2c.; three months, money 25f. 47 1-2c. Liverpool cotton market, October 20. There is nothing new to report in cotton; very little business is doing, sales only amounting to 3,000 bags, including Surats, from 3 1-4d. to 4d.; 100 Egyptian, 6 3-8d. to 6 1-2d.; and 2,500 Americans, 4 to 4 1-2d. Holders, though freely offering cotton, do not force sales. Bourse, Oct. 29, half past 3, P. M. Last Prices. Five per cents. 119f. 5c.; three per cents. 80f. 25c.; Rente de Naples, 108f. 45c.; Belgian three per cents. 72f. 35e. Captain Drew, who commanded the expedition that destroyed the Caroline, at Schlosser, has been appointed to the command of the English man-ofwar Wasp, of 16 guns, The wind has remained in the north for the last two days, and many of the American packets and other ships have arrived-the last of the packets is the Columbus, having been a month at sea. There is nothing better to send by the Great Western than the "Notes for General Circulation," by Mr. Charles Dickens, which will reach the United States by this steamship. The work could not be obtained in time for the Caledonia, and is yet not much before the public here; but it is thought to be generally a much more sensible and valuable production than was anticipated from the forte of the writer and the foolish title under which it was announced. There is, however, a labored, stilted, and absurd paragraph against the newspaper press of the United States-but in which Mr. Dickens must be supposed to be honest, because the newspaper trumpet was blown immeasurably too high in his own Praise. The remarks on the factory girls at Lowell the of the kingdom in the weekly papers, Mr. Dickare very fine, and as this part of the work will go ens will have probably done excellent service to the manufacturing population here. To the aristocracy there is much in these "Notes" which will be gall itself. The anti-corn law league are about to commence operations with redoubled vigor in the ensuing par liamentary year. Special commissions are sitting for the transportation and imprisonment of the hun gry rioters and the whole prospects of the kingdom are dull in the extreme, TURKEY. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY. Lord Palmerston having complied with the wishes of his anti-slavery friends by directing the British ambassador at Constantinople to interpose with the Turkish government some repre sentation on the subject of slavery, received from him the following characteristic epistle; The Cumberland 70 gun ship was launched with great ceremony at the Chatham dock yard on the 21st ult. Her tonnage is 2,244. Correspondence of the N. Y. Courier & Enquirer. A Paris letter says that the prince de Joinville York, and it is much to be rejoiced in that the auc- Viscount Ponsonby to Viscount Palmerston, Therapia, 27th December, 1840. My lord,I have paid the greatest attention to your lordship's several instructions on the subject of slavery in Turkey, with the hopes of arriving at some result that would afford a chance of obtaining in any degree the object your lordship so earnestly desires to accomplish. I have mentioned the subject; and I have been heard with extreme astonishment, accompanied with a smile, at a proposition for destroying an institution closely interwoven with the frame of society in this country,and intimately connected with the law, and with the habits, and even the religion, of all classes of the people, from the Sultan himself down to the lowest peasant. The losses of the corn speculators in England, this harvest, are estimated at 42,000,000 sterling. Affairs have not improved in the slightest degree during the two days which have passed since your last accounts. All the markets are equally stag. nant, and money has only been invested to further excess in the funds; which have again been forced The hop duty is backed at £150,000. There are up-consols to 93, and exchequer bills to a premium many who lay it at a higher amount, but the sum we of 59s. per hundred pounds. have named is the general favorite, The report from Liverpool describes the cotton Paris dates received at London are to the 20th.market of yesterday as very dull-the sales 3,000 They are filled with discussions of the new Ameri- bags at prices if not lower, with difficulty mainCan and English treaty, and the right of search. In tained. There was a considerable public sale yes Lord Aberdeen's letter on the latter subject, and terday, in Mincing Lane, of Surat cotton, of which Lord Ashburton's abandonment of all care for ob- only 700 bales could be sold, and the price was a taining the right of search from the United States, shade lower, being from 3d. to 3d, per pound. In the French journals find every assistance in their dia- the sale sale were 640 bales of North American and cussions, 30 of Madras, which were all bought in. The Sultans for some centuries past have never married, and the imperial race is perpetuated by mʊthers who are slayes, In all other families slaves may be, and often are, the mothers of legitimatised children, who are in ail respects as much esteemed as those of legal wives. The admirals, the generals, the ministers of state, in great part, have been originally slaves. In most families, a slave enjoys the highest degree of confi dence and influence with the head of the house, The accounts from Madrid are of the 12th instant, The truth is, that the last three days have been An extraordinary cabinet council was held on that wintry cold, and the thoughts of the approach of To carry what your lordship desires into execution, day, at which the regent presided, when Sepor Ca winter in the midst of a distress of the population Jatreya entered into a full and satisfactory expose extensive, appears to appal almost every mind. it will be necessary to limit the law of succession to of the situation of his department. The contents The chandance of potatoes is certainly a great sal the crown and alter the policy that has so long guid of the Madrid newspapers are wholly devoid of invation, but so alipost mijous to whom the winter is ed the sultans in that respect, and also to change funjefest. approaching without prospect of even partial em-damentally the political and civil institutions and Yol. XI-Sia. 11. laws and all the domestic arrangements of the peo- the African board, with achority from the Englishing the main body of our troops for battle, and waitple. Universal confusion would perhaps be the government to demand the liberation, of not only the ing for an attack, we again marched on to assault the consequence of such violent changes, and probably English blacks in chat part of the island, but of all enemy wherever they might be posted. The Mexi those persons intended to be most benefitted by them the Africans mtroduced since the treaty of 1821. cans continued their retreat, and stationed themselves Mr. T. Laded, dressed in full uniform, presented on the Arroyo Seco. The spy company under the would be the greatest sufferers. The slaves are generally well protected against illhts assport, and asked leave to proceed to certain command of captain Hays, having again overtaken treatment by custom and the habits of the Turks, plantations, which he named, with a view of prose- the enemy's rear guard, immediately, and with great and by the interests of masters and the religious cuting his intentions. This the commandant of the impetuosity and gallantry, charged upon them and duty; and perhaps slaves in Turks are not to be con- port refused. He then requested permission to pro- drove them to the main body, and under the protecsidered worse off than men erywhere else who are ceed to the town of Holguin, where the governor of tion of their artillery. The company of spies chargplaced by circumstance in a dependent situation, the district resides, which was granted. On pre-ed almost to the mouths of the cannon: and, although whilst, on the stantly do enjoy the highest dignities, the greatest as the English consul who had caused so much trou-discharges of artillery, yet only three or four of them power and rargest share of wealth of any persons in ble in Havana a short time ago, and who only saved were wounded, while three four of the Mexicans his life by flying for protection on board of the Eng; were killed. The main body of our troops having lish guard ship; and in consequence of opinions and charged with great spirit to within two or three hunacts expressed by him to the injury of the planters dred yards of the enemy, met the spy company on of the island, was ordered off and forbid to return their return. All the companies, with the exception to any part thereof by the captain general. He was of two or three, having dismounted, were marched up immediately arrested and placed in charge of a dou-to the attack; but, after reconnoitering the enemy's ble guard, no one being allowed to see or speak to position, it was concluded by the commander to bring him. Orders were likewise issued to place the crew the horses nearer, to dismount all the companies, and and captain of the vessel in the fort, with the same lead on the whole of our forces. Before effecting restrictions. Mr. Turnbull and company were to be this, the sun was nearly down, and col. Caldwell desent to Havana, to be placed at the disposal of the termined to defer the attack until morning. Our captain general. troops then encamped one mile from the enemy.About midnight the enemy again retreated. TEXAS. On the next morning the troops were called together, when col. Caldwell announced to them that he did not consider it prudent any longer to continue the pursuit, and ordered them to San Antonio. This announcement was received with astonishment and the empire. I would perceive, in spite of the good humored politeness with which this question was asked, that there was something like wounded feeling in the speaker. The Turks may believe us to be their superiors in the sciences, in arts, and in arms; but they are very far from thinking our wisdom or our morality greater than their own. THE LATE CAMPAIGN. From various creditable sources we have gleaned the following particulars in On the morning of the 11th ult. the enemy, 1.300 The enemy remained for some days undisputed masters of the city, and we acknowledge, with plea sure, that they conducted themselves according to the usages of civilized warfare. M. Boutenieff, the envoy extraordinary of Russia, landed at Constantinople on the 25th, from a Russian Captain Matthew Caldwell, of Gonzales, with 210 steamer of war, coming from Odessa. The arrival men under his command, having selected a strong of that diplomatist at a moment when no person ex-position on the Salado, on the morning of the 13th pected him caused considerable sensation, and gave ult. ordered captain Hays, with his command of fifty rise to much conjecturing. or sixty men, to proceed to the vicinity of the town, and bring on an engagement with the enemy if possible. This command having been executed with great gallantry and spirit, the enemy, with a large body of cavalry, infantry, and artillery, amounting to between eight and nine hundred men pursued the party of skirmishers to our camp on the Salado; and, having surrounded the same, commenced an attack thereon, and continued it until late in the evening. The greater portion of the enemy's forces took position on the east of the Salado, and directly on the road leading from Seguin to our encampment. On the 21st one of the Sultanas was delivered of a prince, who received the name of Abdul Hamid. The Augsburg Gazette states that on the 28th ult. the representatives of the five powers had a conference at Constantinople, at which the affairs of Servia and Syria were discussed. The change of government in Servia having taken place without the consent of any European power, and being merely the result of the enterprising spirit of Izzet Pacha, the five representatives resolved that they would defend Prince Michael's rights before the Divan, and oppose, by all the means in their power, Wiezich's party. The steps taken by M. Titoff in this affair have produced no result. With feelings of pride we congratulate the country and the troops in this engagement on the intrepidity, boldness, and coolness exhibited by them through this long-continued action; our only regret is, that more of the enemy did not dare to venture within rifle shot that the lesson taught them on this memorable occasion might be the more effectual and enduring. In this action we had ten wounded, most of them slightly, while the enemy had sixty killed, and one hundred or more wounded, of whom several have since died. I have, &c., PONSONBY. The right honorable Viscount Palmerston, G. C. B., &c. indignation by many of the volunteers. The company of spies, with vehement expressions of displeasure, refused to obey the order, or march off the ground; but being too weak to effect anything alone, were of course compelled to return. [Galveston Times. ITEMS. The German Commercial Union are proceeding to adopt various changes to restrict foreign commodities and protect their own. M. Pageot, the successor of M. de Bacourt as French minister at Washington, is the bearer of a valuable collection of books and other works of art and science sent by the French government in exchange for those which have been offered by the U. States, through the medium of Mr. Vattemare. A letter from Germany states that Mr. Wheaton having failed in inducing a reduction on tobacco by the commercial congress at Stutgard has proceeded to Berlin to renew his efforts at that capital. The Prince of Joinville and the duke of Aumale, arrived at Brest on the 13th. They are thence to embark for Lisbon. Prussia and England having intervened to settle the differences between Turkey and Persia, an ambassador from Turkey was to set out for Teheran, says a letter from Constantinople of Sept. 20, to bring the matters in dispute to a speedy settlement. It was confidently stated that the arrangement for transmitting the Overland News through Germany, by way of Trieste, had been matured, by which a saving of five days would be made, so that the mail should reach London by the 1st of the month. This seems doubtful. ALGERIA. ca. The continued progress of the principle of respon- Africa. The attempts to navigate the Euphrates and Tigris by steam have been abandoned, the impediments to the navigation being found too numerous to over come. The West India Mail Steamer Tay arrived at Falmouth, Oct. 12, from Jamaica, Sept. 9, Nassau the 6th, Bermuda the 5th and Fayal Oct. 5. She brought $1,000,000 besides bullion, and 240 serons cochineal on freight. NATIONAL AFFAIRS. DIPLOMATIC. Amongst the passengers which arrived at New York on the 7th instant in the Great Western, was Virgil Maxcy, late charge d'affairs of the United States at Belgium, and his lady. Mr. Maxey had succeeded in securing indemnity for the American property destroyed at the seige of Antwerp. GEN. CASS. The New York Journal of Commerce publishes a Paris letter which states that gen. Cass, our minister to France, is to leave Paris for home on the 17th of this month. He has already broken up housekeeping. The hon. WM. H. BLACKFORD, United States charge d'affaires to New Grenada, arrived at Bogota on the 10th of September. CONSULAR. Juan De La Granga and Henry G. Andrews, have been recognised by the president of the United States-'he former as consul general of the Mexican republic for the United States, at New York, and the latter as consul of Greece, for the port |