Blanks Mail locks, keys and stamps Mail depredations and special agents Miscellaneous 33,000 STATES OF THE UNION. The state election took place on the 12th inst. Full returns not yet received. 30,466 35 Caponniers, store rooms, barracks, galleries, posterns, | NAVAL. The U. S. brig Somers, A. S. Mackenzie, 5,036 03 magazines, &c., and the side walks in front of coramander, sailed from New York on Monday for the quarters and barracks, as well as other walks, west coast of Africa, calling at Madeira. This vessel is 222,000 211,173 28 are sometimes paved with bricks or stones, or form- one the squadron to be stationed on the coast for the 67,000 58,369 53 ed of concrete. These surfaces must be preserved suppression of the slave trade. from injury with great care. In transporting guns 5,126 000 4,443,768 42 and carriages, and in mounting them, strong wayI submit herewith a statement from the auditor of planks will be interposed; and neither the wheels the treasury for the post office department giving the nor any other part, nor any machinery such as shears, information required by the 4th article of the 22d girs, &c., nor any hand-spike or other implement, section of the act of 1836. It appears from this state- will be allowed to touch those surfaces. Unless, ment that the gross revenue of the department for the protected in a similar manner, no wheel-barrow or year ending the 30th June, 1841 was as follows, viz: or other vehicle, no barrels, hogsheads, &c., will be For letter postage $3.812,738 61 rolled upon these surfaces. No violent work will be suffered to be done upon them-such as cutting 566,245 46 wood-breaking coal, &c., and no heavy weight be thrown, or permitted to fail thereon. 312 50 4,379,296 57 4,443,768 42 For postage on newspapers and pamphlets For fines for infractions of the post office law The expenditures for the year were Excess of expenditures over revenue for year ending June 30, 1841 Adverting to the final column in the auditor's statement it will be perceived that there was due and unpaid to mail contractors, for services rendered during the year ending the 30th June, 1841 In the preceding column, there is stated to be due by contractors, for the same period Nett balance due contractors, June 30, 1841 9. The injuries against which it is designed to guard, are expensive to repair, and are often much more grave than would be inferred merely from the broken surface, since they permit water to penetrate into the masonry beneath, and if there be casemates, cause them to leak-and hence there must be main61 471 85 tained in reference thereto a strict responsibility. In the use of machinery, such as girs, within casemates, injury is sometimes done to the arch or ceiling, as well as to the floor: a very moderate degree of altention would guard against such damage. 395,801 30 16,152 87 379,648 43 I have the honor to be, very respectfully your obedient servant, C. A. WICKLIFFE. Hon. John White, speaker of the house of rep's. THE ARMY. GENERAL ORDERS-NO. 55. Head quarters of the army, adj't genl's office. Washington, Aug. 23, 1842. The following suggestions, for the care and preservation of fortifications, received from the engineer department, are adopted and made obligatory on all garrisons: 1. No person shall be permitted, under any pretence, to walk upon any of the slopes of a fortification, excepting the ramps and glacis. If, in any case, it be necessary to provide for crossing them, it should be done by placing wooden steps or stairs against the slopes. The occasional walking of persons on a parapet will do no harm, provided it be only occasional, and be not allowed to cut the surface into paths. 2. No cattle, horse, sheep, goat, or other animal, shall ever permitted to go upon the slopes, the ramparts, or the parapets; nor upon the glacis, except within fenced limits, which should not approach the crest nearer than about 30 feet. 10. The doors and windows of all store rooms and unoccupied casemates, quarters, barracks, &c., will be opened several times a week for thorough venti lation. 11. The heating of shot furnaces, until made actually necessary by the approach of an enemy, is strictly forbidden. 12. The foregoing matters involve but little expense; the labor is probably within the means of every garrison; and no technical knowledge is called for beyond what will generally be found amongst soldiers. There are other things which will occasionally need small disbursements-such as repainting the exposed wood work of the fortification-covering exposed iron with paint or lacker, &.; this work, also, can be executed by the garrison, although regular reports, estimates and requisitions will be necessary to obtain the materials. But there will be still another class of repairs which will require technical skill. These, as far as they appear, should, however, be duly reported. 13. In every occupied work, alterations either in the fortification proper, or in any other of its inteor arrangements of casemates, galleries, quarters, barracks, magazines, store rooms, or any other room or building whatever are strickly forbidden. In case any commanding, or other officer, deem an alteration necessary, he will address io the proper authority a statement explanatory of his reasons, with an estimate, in detail, of the cost: and should the proposed alteration bear in any way upon matters pertaining to the defences, the subject will be referred to the engineer department for its opinion. ton, have nominated Marcus Morton for governor, and The Van Burenites at a state convention in BosH. H. Childs for lieutenant governor. Seth Whitmarsh was president of the convention, and advocated the claims of Marcus Morton, upon the ground, of his sympathy with "Governor" Dorr, of Rhode Island, &c. The whig convention of delegates for the purpose of nominating candidates for the offices of governor and lieutenant governor for the next ensuing political year assembled at Faneuil Hall on the 14th inst. 13th a message furnishing information in relation to Govenor Davis communicated to the senate on the the late rebellious proceedings in Rhode Island, an exposition of the course of the executive in respect to the loan of arms, &c. VERMONT. ELECTION. The annual election took place on the 6th inst. There were three tickets run, whig, V. 5. abolition. Last year, three tickets were run, and the result was that neither of the candidates for governor had a majority of the whole number of votes, and the choice devolved upon the legislature. Complete returns are not yet received of the present election, but the result is ascertained. The whig ticket has a majority over both the others, the present whig governor is re-elected, and there is a large majority of whigs elected to the legislature. NEW YORK. The Rochester Republican of the 30th ult. contains the following table, made up from assembly document, No. 61. for the present year to show the accumulation of the state debt from 1825 to 1842. 14. Whenever it may be designed to erect a building of any kind, or any work of earth, masonry or 3. All grassed surfaces, excepting the glacis will timber, either in the interior of a fort occupied by be carefully and frequently mowed (except in dry troops, or on the exterior within half a mile, the loweather); and the oftener the better, while growing cation will not be fixed until the subject has been rapidly-the grass never being allowed to be more reported on by the engineer department. And should Year. than a few inches high. In order to cut the grass there happen to be an engineer officer on duty at the even and close, upon smaller slopes, a light one-post his opinion should be asked in the first instance, handed scythe should be used; and in mowing the and transmitted to the adjutant general with the 1825 steeper slopes, the mower should stand on a light other papers explanatory of the design. ladder resting against the slope, and not upon the By command of Major General Scorт. grass. Crops of hay may, in some places, be raised L. THOMAS, ass't adj't gen. on the glacis;, or, if fenced, it may be used as pasture: otherwise it should be treated as other slopes of the fortification. On all the slopes, spots of dead grass will be cut out, and replaced by fresh sods. All weeds will be eradicated. A very little labor plied steadily and judiciously will maintain the grassed surface-even of the largest of our forts, in good condition. ap 4. The burning of grass upon any portion of a fortification is strictly forbidded. 5. Particular attention is required to prevent the formation of gullies in the parade, terreplein and ramps; and especially in slopes when grass is not well established. If neglected, they soon involve heavy expense. 6. Earth or sand must not be suffered to heap up against wood-work-a free ventilation being preserved around it; and all wooden floors, platforms, bridg. es, &c., will be kept clean swept. The French steam frigate Gomer, Captain Laurencin The French corvette Circe, Captain Richard, having 4,350,761 54 691,778 60 8,005,785 75 7,954,114 45 1,026,912 94 365,011 17 11.953,852 84 67,300 33 14,025,738 00 138,139 91 18.385,309 68 33,770 85 21,960,953 40 10,544 76 25.764 590 64 With these facts before us, can we fail to recogise the necessity of curtailing the expenditures of the state? Let the people answer." LEGISLATURE. The following are resolutions ofThe U. S. sloop of war Marion, commander Arm strong, dropped down from the Navy Yard on Friday fered by General Dix, protesting against the interand anchored off the Naval Hospital. ference of congress in ordering the election of memThere are now lying off the Hospital, the U. S. shiped both houses-the senate by 12 votes to 9, and the bers of congress by single districts, and which passPennsylvania, Capi. Zanizinger, bearing the broad pn nant of Com. Kennedy; frigate Constitution, Capt. Par house of assembly by 72 votes to 22. ker; sloop of war Marion, Commander Armstrong and 8. The terrepleins of forts, the floors of casemates,the French corvette Circe, Capt. Ricaud. [Nor. Beacon, 7. The machinery of drawbridges, gates and posters must be kept in good working order by proper cleaning, oiling of the parts, &c.-and the bridges will be raised, and the gates and posterns opened, as often as once a week. Whereas, the congress of the United States, at it recent session, has passed a law entitled "an act fo Seward, and had read an extract from his Message of Orleans Courier gives the majorities in those 7 parishes, and therewith furnishes the following table. ELECTION OF GOVERNOR. 1st Cong. Dist. Orleans, the apportionment of representatives among the se- which Jefferson, STATE CONVENTIONS. Chas. H. Gen. E. Root, of Delaware, after addressing the convention, nominated Henry Clay, of Kentucky, as the whig candidate for the next president of the U. States. Adopted unanimously. 24 cong, dist. And whereas, the principal ground on which the reThe whig convention choservation of this power to congress was urged, when sen for the pupose of nominating candidates for the the constitution was submitted to the states for adop-offices of governor and lieut. governor, assembled at tion, was that it was indispensable to enable the ge- Syracuse on Wednesday the 7th inst. neral government to provide for its own safety and Carroll, of Livingston county, presided. The hon. preservation, in case the states should neglect, refuse Luther Bradish, of Franklin, was nominated for oor be unable to provide for the election of represen- vernor, and the hon. Gabriel Truman, of Kings, for tatives: And whereas, a majority of the thirteen ori- lieut. governor. ginal states, by solemn public acts, objected to the provisions by which the power was conferred, and declared themselves in favor of such an amendment to the constitution as should restrain congress from any interference with the regulations of the states On motion of J S. Van Renssalaer, of Albany, the for the election of representatives, unless the states convention resolved to recommend a whig national should neglect, refuse or be unable to make such re- convention at Baltimore, at such time as the whig gulations: And whereas, the states have continued members of congress may deem expedient to nomifor more than half a century in the undisturbed en-nate a candidate for vice presicent. joyment of the right given to them by the constitu- The thanks of the convention were tendered to the tion to prescribe the times, places and manner of hon. N. P. Tallmadge, senator, and to the whig rechoosing their representatives in congress, and have presentatives in congress for their "ardent, zealous. faithfully fulfilled that high trust, and no public exi- and successful labors in behalf of their constituents Catahoula, gency has arisen to call for the interposition of con- during the recent protracted session in the face of gress to overrule them in its exercise: Therefore, unforeseen discouragements and unparalleled execuResolved, That in the opinion of this legislature, tive pefidy." After having been addressed by the the interference of congress in a matter peculiarly hon. N. P. Tallmadge, and the hon. J. T. Moreliead, of state concern, under no circumstances of public of Kentucky, the convention adjourned. The elecnecessity, is unjustifiable, a violation of the spirit of tion comes off in November the provision of the constitution, under which the right of interference is asserted, and at variance with the intention of its framers. 3d Cong. Dist. Concordia Caldwell, St. Landry, Union, The Van Buren state convention assembled also at Madison, the same place and time, and have nominated Wm. Carroll Resolved, That in the opinion of this legislature, Dickinson, of Broome, for lieut. governor. C. Bouck, of Schoharie, for governor, and D. S. Claiborne, the act aforesaid is the fruit of an arbitrary and dan-dress and resolutions were adopted setting forth their Caddo, An ad- Natchitoches, gerous exercise of power in congress, and an inva sion of the rights of the states, each of which ought political views. to be left, in its own independent judgment, to prescribe snch regulations for the choice of its repre venience of its own citizens. Resolved, That our senators in congress be instructed, and our representatives requested to use their influence to procure a repeal of the said act. Resolved, That in the opinion of this legislature, the interference of congress with the choice of representatives in the different states, without being justified by any of the circumstances against which the provisions of the constitution authorising its interposition was particularly designed to guard, can only be viewed as the evidence of an alarming disposition in the federal legislature to encroach upon the just rights of the states, and that early and effi cient measures ought to be taken to provide against the repetition of the evil by an amendment to the constitution of the United States. Bergen president. The convention adopted resolutions declaring it inexpedient to nominate a congressional ticket. at present, appointing a committee with power to convene the convention, if they thought proper, at any time before the October election: and also, a committee to draft resolutions, protesting against the unconstitutionality of the late act of congress, providing for the election of members of congress by single districts. We extract the following resolution from the proceedings: Resolved, That we are decidedly in favor of a judicious tariff, to secure on the one hand a revenue sufficient to meet all the necessary expenses of the government, and sustain its credit; and, on the other hand, to afford incidental and permanent protection to the manufacturing interests of our country. Resolved, That in pursuance of the object express. ed in the last resolution the following amendment, which was proposed by the convention of the state A WHIG STATE CONVENTION met at Trenton on the of New York, when the constitution of the United 14th inst. and nominated HENRY CLAY for the next States was ratified, ought to be engrafted as a per-presidency, and without nominating, expressed a premanent provision upon that instrument, viz: Coagress shall not make or alter any regulation in any state respecting the times, places, and manner of holding elections for senators or representatives, unless the legislature of such state shall neglect or refuse to make laws or regulations for the purpose, or from any circumstance be incapable of making the same, and that in those cases such power shall be only exercised until the legislature of such state shall make provision in the premises; provided, that congress may prescribe the time for the election of representatives. ference for John Davis, of Massachusetts, for vice NORTH CAROLINA. The results of the August elections in this state for the two houses are as follows: House of commons 120 members-whigs 52-Van Buren 67, and one the commoner from Hyde county claimed by both parties. Senate, composed of 50 members, whigs 20, V. B. 30-Total 1 disputed, whigs 72, V. B. 97. The term of Mr. Graham U. S. senator from this Resolved, That the governor of this state be re-state expires on the 4th March next. In the vote for governor, the returns from all the quested to communicate a copy of these resolutions to the governor of each of the other states of the counties except three viz: Nash, Greene and Carunion, with the request that they be laid before the teret, which may vary the general result 3 or 500, give to Morehead (whig) 35.775 legisiatures thereof respectively. Henry, (V. B.) IN ASSEMBLY. Wednesday. Sept. 7. Mr. Davezac addressed the House at length in its fa vor; and in the course of his remarks warmly applaud ed the Rhode Island Dorrsmen, as better deserving ho ervie wreath of oaken leaves, than oparobrium. Th associaron of his name with that affair he should ever consider a lasting honor. "Canaria and Rhode Island would both be soon independent,” Mr. Flagler thought that the duty desired of the Ex. ecutive by these resolutions had been anticipated by Gov. Jefferson, Total of 31 parishes 6,330 283 8,062 ELECTIONS. By the election held in this state on the 1st Monday in Angust (1st inst.) there were elec ted to the house of representatives 43 Van Buren members and 57 whigs. Of the 10 senators elected this year 4 are Van Buren and 6 whigs. The senators are elected for four years; and of those whose terms will expire in three years there are V. B. 2, whigs 7: in two years V. B. 3, whigs 7; and in one year V. B. 2, whigs 7. The senate stands now therefore V. B. 11, whigs 27. Vote on joint ballot 54 Van Burenites, to 84 whigs. The term of Mr. Crittenden U. S. senator expires on the 4th March next. Col. Richard M. Johnson, late vice president of the United States, is elected to the Kentucky house from Scott county. OHIO. On Saturday, Aug. 20th, a meeting of some 8 or 10,000 whigs was held at Hamilton, Gov. Corwin and others addressed the assembly. A Van Buren state convention of young men was held at Columbus on the 28th August. It was numerously attended. An address was adopted together with some spirited resolutions. The following are extracts. An examination of the tariff question in all its bearings, will convince an intelligent people that the clamor raised in favor of "protecting American In (dustry" is a deception of those who employ it, not doctrines of the meek Jesus, in all her actions, with whatever sphere in life connected, self was forgotten by her, and the good of others alone remembered, which won for her wherever she was known the love for the benefit of labor, but for the advantage of ca- | of government-and to the maintenance of the Jeffered and pious parents with the truthful and heavenly pital. To tell an individual that you are protecting sonian interpretation of the constitutional powers of his rights whilst you are curtailing his liberty, is not the government. a grosser insult to common sense, than to suggest to an intelligent people that their industry is protected by being taxed upon all they eat, drink, and wear, for the undisguished support of manufacturing capitalists. On the 3d instant ten thousand whigs assembled at Carthage, and nominated Clay and Davis for president and vice president. and esteem of all. The pure spirit which animated her to such virtuous and exemplary deeds fled to the bosom of its God at eight o'clock on Saturday night. OFFICIAL. On the 24th August, a whig state convention assembled at Newark; there were present some 15,000 people. Governor Corwin addressed the assembly. An address to the people of Ohio (from the pen of Mr. Perry of Columbus) was read, and also a letter Washington, Sept. 12, 1842. from H. Clay. Addresses were delivered by Messrs. In consequence of the death of the wife of the preBriggs, of Cuyahaga, Pugh, of Hamilton, and Tay-sident of the United States, the doors of the various lor, of Ross. Resolutions (reported by Judge Spen- departments will be closed, after 12 o'clock, for the cer, of Cincinnati), were then read. Henry Clay was remainder of the day. nominated for the presidency, and John Davis for the vice presidency. From the National Intelligencer of 13th. MRS. TYLER'S FUNERAL. The funeral ceremony the second Tuesday in October-this year the 11th United States took place at the president's mansion ELECTION. The election in Ohio takes place on for the late lamented consort of the president of the of the month. The papers represent the activity of yesterday at 4 o'clock, according to the previous anthe whigs as fully equal to that of 1840, and immense nouncement. Divine service was performed on the mass meetings have been held in many portions of occasion by the rev. Mr. Hawley, in the presence of The last meeting we have noticed is one held at ing friends, among whom were a number of members the state, at which the people attend by thousands.- a large and most respectable assembly of sympathizChilicothe, at which over seven thousand persons of congress and all the principal officers of governother citizens. The Columbus Journal, referring to the city also attended, in pursuance of formal resoluwere present who addressd by governor Corwin, and ment. The corporate councils and chief officers of the proceedings, says that it surpassed any thing seen tion. even in 1840. The next legislature will have to elect a senator of the U. States, in the place of Mr. Allen whose term expires on the 4th March next, and also to apportion the state into congressional districts. WISKONSAN. In fine, is the "industry" of the great body of the community protected by taxing it for the benefit of the few! If not, then where is the apology for the Gov. Doty, of Wiskonsan territory, has issued his passage of a tariff bill which legislates from the proclamation, in pursuance of the organic laws of American people the privilege of making their pur- that territory, requiring the people to vote, at the chases in the cheapest market, unaffected by the ar-election to be held on the 4th Monday of next month, tificial influences of government interference. for or against the formation of a permanent govern- 3d. That the history of bank frands and explosions, since the first organization of government fur-Henry nishes no instance in which a bank offices sustained Lee Johnson a loss. Cedar 4th. That the sum of $21,000,000 is paid annually to the banks of the United States, for the use of Muscatine their notes-the paper circulation of the country Jones being estimated at $300,000,000, loaned at seven per cent. Clinton Resolved, That while we approve of a tariff of imposts, so graduated as to furnish a revenue sufficient for the economical exercise of a light and simple government, together with incidental protection o our domestic manufactures, we will oppose all and every attempt, come from what quarter it may, to burthen the many for the special aggrandizement of the few, and to rear and support a splendid government on the ruins or an impoverished and enslaved people. Jefferson No Convention. 902 613 66 167 705 46 66 44 46 542 847 Resolved, That in the words of a distinguished head of the federal party, the "tariff question can be settled in ten days," and if the majority in congress were as anxious to effect such settlement as they are to "head Captain Tyler," by passing big bills" and "little bills," which they know he will veto, it would 12th Sep. There is no part of our professional duty OBITUARY. From the National Intelligencer of have been settled long ere this-the wheels of go-so painful to us as that of announcing the departure vernment would have been set in motion-the in- from this life of individuals of honorable and envia The remains of the deceased are to be conveyed to Virginia to-day, for interment in the family buryingground. From the Madisonian of 13th. The president of the United States, attended by several members of his family, left the city this morning, in attendance on the mortal remains of Mrs. Letitia Tyler. Mrs. Tyler was stricken with paralysis nearly four years ago. The blow was extremely severe, and althe direction of able physicians, she was placed in a though by the kind attentions bestowed on her, under condition of comparative comfort, yet her frame was greatly shattered, and her health rendered evermore precarious. The loss of her speech, to a great extent, was one of the unhappy effects of this attack, while her system was so much enfeebled as to render the seclusion of her chamber indispensably necessary. She had therefore to forego, to a great extent, the enjoyment of those social circles which she had previously adorned. Her family have continually watched over her with the greatest anxiety; and Dr. Thomas has been almost a daily visitant at the president's mansion for many months. It was seen that her system was gradually giving way to the cruel disease under which she labored, but no apprehensions of an early dissolution were anticipated, until Friday, the 9th instant, when Dr. Sewell was called in as advising physician. She continued thereafter rapidly to decline, until 8 o'clock on Saturday night, when she breathed her last, surrounded by her sorrowing family and relatives. Mrs. Tyler was the daughter of Robert Christian, of the county of New Kent, Virginia, who enjoyed, during a long life, the confidence and esteem of all who knew him, and served for many years as a member of the Virginia legislature. She was born on the 13th November, 1790-was married to the president on the 29th March, 1813-became a member of the Protestant Episcopal church, in which she was baptised in early infancy-and died in the 52d year of her age. Her end was quiet and tranquil, like one falling from weariness into profund slumber, exhibiting a mind at rest with itself, and a heart of virtue. Indeed, in LIFE, she was, in every respect, as has been most truly remarked in the Intelligencer"a wife-a mother and a christian-loving and confiding to her husband-gentle and affectionate to her children-kind and charitable to the needy and the afflicted." In death she sleeps the sleep of the righteous and the beloved of heaven." The president, after paying these last sad rites to her remains, will, we learn, pass a few days with his and then take up his abode at the Rip-raps, for the daughter, Mrs. Semple, in the county of New Kent, of seclusion and repose. purpose terests of the manufacturing and commercial por-ble repute, and whose personal virtues render their attorney, General Mason, Mr. Nutt, General Eaton, tion of the country secured, and though last, not least in its effect upon our prosperity, congress would have adjourned, and the people been relieved from the burthen of supporting members ten months out of fourteen. deaths deeply afflictive dispensations to a large and and friends. Such is the duty which we have now to perform, General Hunter, the marshal, Mr. Fendall, district Mrs. Tyler as pall bearers. The secretaries of government, and others, will also attend the remains to Major Dade, &c. will accompany the remains of New Kent co. Virginia. Resolved, That we all concur in opposition to a national bank-to a national debt-to a tariff essenTHE BRITISH AND AMERICAN MAIL tially for protection-to internal improvements by than we can represent her in words, a wife, a mo- have just been brought under notice in an official This most estimable lady was, in life, more truly STEAMERS. The performances of these vessels the national government-to abolition-to distribu-ther, and a christian-loving and confiding to her form, and we give the particulars as published in the tion--to federalism in all its shapes--and that we all husband-gentle and affectionate to her children- Nautical Magazine. The ships are the property of agree to a reduction of expenditures-to reform in kind and charitable to the needy and the afflicted.- the British and North American Royal Mail Steamthe currency, to administer reform in all departments Deeply impressed in early life by her highly respect- packet company. The designing of the vessels and the management of them from the commencement er distinguished personages. In October she return- "The mean between these may be taken as the average speed obtained at sea, or what may be called the sea-rate. In this case the sea-rate is 8.58 ms. per hour. It will be seen in our volume for 1837, p. 852, that the sea-rates of the Atalanta and Berenice, in those comparatively early days of steam navigation, varied from 6 to 9 miles, the average of all given being 7 miles. When it is considered that the passages of the British and North American line have been made across the stormy Atlantic, while those above quoted were at least two-thirds of them, in moderate latitudes, there is every reason to congratulate the proprietors on the result." Passages to and from Liverpool and Halifax of the British and North American Royal Mail Steam-ships, from July 4, 1840, to June 4, 1842. Sailed from 4 1 August 4 11 Passage. h. 0 1 will with your permission, embody these sentiments in the language of one of the most illustrious ornaments of our commoh mother tongue. I will give you as my fervent wish "A speedy diffusion among nations of a profound respect for the laws of nations-that law of which, more than any other, it may be said that 'her seat is the bosom of God, and her voice the harmony of the world.'" I have the honor to be, with sentiments of the highest consideration, gentlemen, your obliged and obedient servant, H. S. LEGARE. To Messrs. James D. P. Ogden, James G. King, and others, committee, &c. THE TREATY. The Halifax Post speaks in the following terms of the recent treaty: "The announcement will be received in the United Kingdom with general manifestations of gladness. Every Briton will rejoice that the disputes between two great nations, both peopled by the descendants of the Saxon race, are at an end, and that a feverish excitement and apprehension of a war has been succeeded by a treaty, firmly cementing the bonds of peace and friendship. The Hartford Courant speaking of this says: "One day this week we had the pleasure of seeing a beautiful gold snuff box, with the following inscription on the inside of the lid: "Presented by Sir Thomas Graham, Lord Lyndock, to Stevens Rogers, sailing master of the steam ship Savannah, at St. Petersburg, Oct. 10th, 1819." "Lord Ashburton has been eminently successful. "On the top of the box is a representation of the He has secured peace by a treaty-agreeable to the royal palace at St. Petersburg, and the equestrian Americans-satisfactory to every colonist-honorastatue of Peter the Great, on the reverse the Rus-ble and advantageous to Great Britain." sian coat of arms. Lord Lyndock was a British no- "We never expected so auspicious a termination bleman-he was a passenger in the Savannah from to his diplomacy-the event has startled us with disStockholm to St. Petersburg, and after his arrival appointment--and it is a disappointment that prothere made his complimentary present to Capt. Ko- duces enthusiam and delight.” gers. The latter is now master of the sloop Alexder, which plies between this port and New London, at which place he resides." ARMED OCCUPATION OF FLORIDA. The act providing for this undertaking having become a law, we annex a synopsis of its provisions. THE TREATY OF WASHINGTON. We pre-of age, capable of bearing arms, who has made, or with timents. Out. Home.sume that there is not a single reader of this paper 16 1840. 1 July Acadia, 4 11 Britannia, 2 September 4 11 1 11 Caledonia, Acadia, Britannia, Caledonia, 1 do. 19 12 2 October 4 11 9 10 3 22 4 0 Sec. I. Any head of a family or single man 18 years in a year from the passage of the act, shall make an actual settlement in Florida south of the line dividing townships 9 and 10 S, and east of the base line, shall be entitled to one quarter section of land on these conditions-1st, of taking a permit from the land office describ ing his location; 2d, five years residence; 3d, the erection of a house fit for the habitation of man, and the clearing, enclosing and cultivating five acres of land, and an actual residence thereon for 4 years; and 4th, that upon proof of compliance with these conditions, a patent shall issue to him for the lands. Sec. II. provides a mode of settling controversies where two persons or inure may have made the same lo cation. Sec. III. No right of location under this act, within cir-wo miles of any inilitary post, established and garrisoned at the period of settlement. Be pleased to accept my thanks for your kindness 4 10 19 10 19 12 5 10 15 5 10 4 12 23 19 11 20 11 Sec. IV. forbids and annuls all transactions of every sort for the transfer sale or gift of such lands, and all liens thereon, before the issuing of the patent. Sec. V. assures to the widow, or heir-at-law of any settler dying before 5 years, or before his patent is obtamed, the benefit of such settlement. Sec. VI. In case the sixteenth section be settled bofore actual survey, the School Commissionere shall select other lands in lieu of the sixteenth. Sec. VII. Not exceeding 200,000 acres to be taken Sec. VIII. The President of the United States may, at any time, on giving six months notice, suspend all further settlement under this act. 23 picious an occasion. It has been his good fortune, Ip under this act. 5 13 19 10 21 14 4 12 4 11 20 11 19 15 15 11 4 14 12 11 17 lision. Sec. IX. The Commissioner of the General Land Office, before 1st February, 1844, to report to Congress he name of every settler under this act. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE OF BENJAMIN WRIGHT. Under the obituary head a few days ago, was the simple announcement that Benjamin Wright died on a certain day, and the reader's eye probably glanced from the record without any other impression than that one mortal more had ceased to If I do not greatly overrate the importance of this 3 event, it will mark an era in the history of diplomatic intercourse and of public law. The mere etiquette. the unmeaning mystery and mummeries of negotiations were dispensed with, and questions in which the peace of the world and the independence of na- live. tions were deeply concerned, have been discussed Yet are there few names in our modern domestic with the calm and sober raason, the strict and search-history more deserving of some especial mention ing analysis, the gravity, directness and simplicity of purpose, that belonged to the severest judicial investigation. 4 19 16 8 12 Columbia, 7 March 4 20 17 15 12 Britannia, Caledonia, 8 April 10 19 13 21 10 Acadia, 10 May Columbia, 8 May Britannia, 11 June 4 11 17 10 10 Average passage by chronometer-west 13 days 6 hours-cast 11 days 3 hours. The two high contracting parties "sought peace in the spirit of peace," and they have found it in the clear and immutable principles of international law, and the plain rules of justice and good faith. I will not permit myself to doubt for a moment that a treaty conceived in such a spirit, and founded on such a basis, will be equally beneficial and acceptable to all concerned in it. THE FIRST STEAMSHIP THAT EVER CROSSED THE ATLANTIC. It seems at last to have been settled that the honor of having originated and carried out the design of trans-marine steam navigation was an enterprize of private American gentlemen who fitted out a vessel from Savan- To us, whose federal government, were it ever so nah, Ga., about twenty years since. The Savannah imperfect in other respects, would be merely as a Georgian of a late date, gives an account of the guaranty of internal quiet-a blessing beyond all whole undertaking. The vessel which was called price-who have by this means, sheathed forever the Savannah, was built in New York, and her iron the sword as an arbiter between states, and conseworks were manufactured at Elizabethtown, N. J. crated, so to speak, a whole continent to a perpetual After several trips coastwise, she sailed for Liver- peace and the reign of the law, every prospect of pool, on the 20th of May, 1819. After performing diffusing the same spirit among independent powers, the voyage, she sailed up the Baltic to St. Peters. in their intercourse with one another, ought to be burg, where she was visited by the emperor and oth- peculiarly a subject for rejoicing. He was born in the town of Weathersfield, Connecticut, on 10th October, 1776, of humble parents, whose utmost means could afford him no education beyond that of a few months' schooling during the winter at common school, But he had within him the strong impulse that triumphs over ordinary obstacles. He early and specially addicted himself to the career of a surveyor, and at the age of nineteen, prevailed upon his parents to remove from Connecticut to the new region, first then opening to settlement in the state of New York. They removed accordingly to Fort Stanwix, now Rome, the then verge of civilization. A log cabin was soon constructed to receive the and two stripes to the flag was owing to the admission of Vermont and Kentucky into the Union, the former on the 4th of March, 1791-the latter on the 1st of June, 1792. pelgrims, and then te in the careet of Benjamin the incredulous multitude, which crowded the shores The was ernst ptly cared upon as surveyor, shouts and acclamations of congratulations and apand trus carly tramed to the work lie afterwards so plause." Though her performance for exceeded the honorably aided in necomplishing the great Erie ca- expectation of his friends, Fulton perceived that there nal. Favorably known by his labors through the was error in the constuction of her water wheels- By another act of congress in 1821, (we believe) western part of the state, he was by his fellow citi-he lessened the diameter, so that they did not dip so it was provided that from and after the following zens of Oneida county elected to the legislature in deep into the water, and it was manifest that the al- fourth of July, the flag of the United States should 1804, and again in 1807-8. It was in this last period teration had tended to increase the speed. consist of thirteen horizontal stripes, and the Union that associated with General McNeil and Judge For- The famed vessel, which was named the Cler-be composed of twenty stars. The same act also man, of Onondaga, the feasibility of a canal through mont, soon after sailed for Albany; and on her first provided, that on the admission of every new state the Mohawk valley, and to connect the waters of voyage arrived at her destination without any acci- into the Union, one star should be added to the flagErie with those of the ocean was often discussed, dent. She excited the astonishment of the inhabi- which addition shall take effect on the 4th of July and then it was that Judge Forman moved, and Mr. tants of the shores of the Hudson, many of whom then next succeeding such admission. Of course the Wright seconded a resolution that laid the founda- had not even heard even of the engine, much less of present flag of the United States consists of thirteen tion of that great work. the steamboat. There were many descriptions of stripes and twenty-six stars. By this regulation the the effects of her first appearance upon the people of stripes represent the number of states, by whose vathe banks of the river. Some of these were ridi-lor and resources American Independence was aculous, but some of them were of such a character chieved-while the additional stars mark the inas nothing, but an object of real grandeur could crease of the states since the adoption of the prehave excited. She was described by some, who sent constitution. [Boston Courier. had indistintinctly seen her passing in the night, to those who had not a view of her, as a monster movANCIENT AND MODERN AQUEDUCTS.— ing on the waters, defying the wind and tide, and breathing flames and smoke." In 1810, canal commissioners were appointed, who examined the route between the lake and the Hudson, and reported in favor of a canal unbroken through the whole distance by locks on an inclined plane of six inches to the me. Their repert was referred to Mr. Wright and Mr. Geddes, who reported against it. The war with Great Britain intervening prevented any progress in, while giving irresistable evidence of the necessity of such a work of internal navigation; but in 1816 a canal board was efficiently organized and Judge Geddes and Mr. Wright were charged with constructing the canal-the former with the western, the latter with the eastern section, ard from that time forth the work proceeded u der the direction of these native engineers, to its final and triumphant completion in 1825. "She had the most terrific appearance from other vessels, which were navigating the river when she was making her passage. The first steamboats, as others yet do, used dry pine wood for fuel, which sends fourth a column of ignited vapor, many feet above the flue, and whenever the fire is stirred, a galaxy of sparks fly off, which in the night have an airy, It were glory enough" to be associated as one of brilliant, and beautiful appearance. The uncommon the chief constructors and directors, with such a light first attracted the attention of the crews of work, but that was not by any means the only title other vessels. Notwithstanding the wind and tide of Mr. Wright to be remembered as one of the were adverse to its approach they saw with astonchief benefactors to the cause of internal improve-ishment that it was rapidly coming towards them; His success on the Erie canal, and the ge- and when it came so near, that the noise of the manerous testimony invariably borne by De Witt Clin-chinery and the paddles was heard, the crews, in ton to his skill and abilities, caused him to be ap- some instances, shrunk beneath their decks from the plied to from all parts of the United States, from terrific sight; and others left their vessels to go on Canada, and from Cuba for aid and advice in con- shore, while others prostrated themselves and be structing public works. He became in succession sought Providence to protect them from the approach either consulting or chief engineer to the following of the horrible monster which was marching on the tides, and lighting its path by the fires which it vomited." ments. works: The Farmington canal in Connecticut; the Blackstone canal in Rhode sland; the Chesapeake and Ohio canal; the canal from Richmond, Va.; the Chesapeake and Delaware canal; the Delaware and Hudson canal, the Harlem rail road co.; the Weiland canal in Canada; the Y. York and Erie rail road; the Tioga and Chemung rail road, and the Chicago and Illinois river canal. In 1835 he was invited to Cuba to consult as to a rail read for Havanna to the interior of the island, and his approval of the projected roan and of the reconnaissance that had been made, decided its con struction. fortunes. us JOHN FITCH. We learn that Miss Leslie, of this city, is preparing a biographical memoir of the celebrated John Fitch, to whom the world is indebted, in a great measure at least, for one of the most important modern discoveries. Mr. Noah Webster, in a letter to the editor of Graham's Magazine, states that Fitch was born in East Windsor, Conn., that in early life he was apprenticed to Mr. Cheney, a watch and clock maker, of East Hartford, and he conceived the project of steam navigation in 1785. Mr. Webster adds: The firemen of the city of New York have chosen the 10th of September, the anniversary of Perry's victory on Lake Erie, to celebrate the achievement of the Croton Aqueduct, the most perfect and efficient structure of the kind of ancient or modern times. Although contrivances for the conveyance of water from distant sources, for the supply of cities, are of great antiquity, we have no accounts of aqueducts properly so called, till the time of the Romans. The city of Samos, says Herodotus, was supplied with water by piercing a hill 900 feet in height, by a tunnel 4.000 feet long 8 feet high and 8 feet broad. In Egypt, in Babylon and in Judea, works of considerable extent were constructed for the conveyance of water. The Romans were celebrated for their aqueducts, which were not confined to the capital, but were constructed at many of their most important cities in Europe, Asia and Africa, the remains of which are still seen. That of Segovia, in Spain, built in the time of Trajan, is a magnificent work, consisting of double rows of arches, 109 in number, according to Malte Brun, the largest of which are nearly 90 feet in height from the ground to the conduit, and wholly consisting of enormous stones joined together without mortar, by which water has been conveyed into the town for seventeen hundred years. The neighborhood of Rome is distinguished by a long series of these almost imperishable memorials of her ancient magnificence. Some of them are still in use, and others, though in a state of ruin, are among the greatest ornaments of Italy. Some idea may be had of the extent and importance of these works, from the fact that the city, containing a popu lation of four millions, was supplied with water from At the period of his death, at 71 years of age, he "He built his boat in 1787. In my diary I have sources varying from thirty to sixty miles in distance, was still active in the service of the Junes River noted that I visited the beat, lying at the wharf in and that at one period no less than twenty aqueducts and Kanawha co. in Virginia. In all the various the Delaware, on the ninth day of February, 1787. brought as many streams across the wide plain in enterprises which he was connected with, The governor and council were so much gratified which the city stands. Artificial channels, winding tained the same reputation of zeal, industry and pr-with the success of the boat that they presented Mr. along the hills and mountains, and tunnels through bity, avoiding the reality and even escaping the sus. Fitch with a superb flag. About the time the com- interposing barriers, led the water the greater por picion of ever using the opportunities afforded him by his station to any undue advancement of his own any aiding Mr. Fitch sent him to France, at the re- tion of the distance; but the aqueduct was required quest of Mr. Vail, our consul at L'Orient, who was to cross the valleys, and to conduct the stream from of the company. But this was when France begun the surrounding hills to the walls of the eternal city, to be agitated by the revolution, and nothing in fa- In some places their manner of construction required vor of Mr. Fitch was accomplished; he therefore arches of 200 feet height, and one aqueduct is said returned. Mr. Vail afterwards presented to Mr. Ful- to have consisted of nearly 7,000 arches, in many his scheme of steam navigation. After Mr. Fitch nothing more interesting, or more really beautiful, ton for examination the papers of Mr. Fitch, containing places more than one hundred feet high. There is returned to this country, he addressed a letter to Mr. says a writer on this subject, in the existing ruins Rittenhouse, in which he predicted that in time the of ancient Rome, than the remains of these splendid Atlantic would be crossed by steam power: he complain- works, which radiate in almost every direction, and ed of his poverty, and urged Mr. Rittenhouse to buy run across the almost level plain, out of which its his land in Kentucky, for raising funds to complete hills arise in long arcaded series, whose simplicity his scheme. But he obtained no efficient aid. Dis- and long unbroken continuity produces a degree of appointed in his efforts to obtain funds, he resorted grandeur unmatched by the more labored and more to indulgence in drink; he retired to Pittsburgh, and pretending works within the walls. The city is finally ended his life by plunging into the Allegany. still abundantly supplied with water by three of His books and papers he bequeathed to the Phila- these ancient aqueducts, which have undergone delphia library, with the injunction that they were repairs and restorations by the direction of the to remain closed for thirty years. At the end of popes. The Agua Virginia and Aqua Felice are the that period, the papers were opened, and found to principal. contain a minute account of his perplexities and disappointments." H lived and died an honest man, as he was a solid benefactor of his country, and an active promoter of that great interest which promotes all others-internal improvement. It was not meet, that such a name should descend unheralded to the tomb, and therefore in this hasty record of his career we have endeavorel to fix ou it the attention and the respect of his fellows. [N. Y. American. FULTON'S STEAM BOAT, 1807. In December 1806, Fulton arrived in New York, and in the following spring, notwithstanding the pecuniary and mechanical obstacles opposed to his project, had con pleted his vessel, and in August had the satisfaction of seeing her moved by her machinesy from the Last river to the Jersey shore. And nothing," says C den, "cruld exceed the surprise and adorata of a who witnessed the exThe mus the most incredulous were periment. Changed in a few mines-lore the boat had made the progressi a quarter of a mile, the greatest unb. Lever ma ave been converted. The man, who, while he to ked on the expensive machine, thanked his stars that he had inore wisdom than to waste his 'The memoir of such a man from the pen of Miss Leslie, cannot but possess the deepest interest. [Penn. Inquirer. FLAG OF THE UNITED STATES. The flag money in such idie schemes, changed the expression of the United States was first designated by conof his features as the boat moved from the wharf and gress, in a resolution, passed June 14, 1777. Accordgoined her speed; his emplacent samiradually ing to that resolution, it was to consist of thirteen stiftened to an ex, rssi I wwler-the jeers of horizontal stripes, alternate red and white; and the the ignorant, who had heitri selist exing en- Union was to be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, ough to repress their contemptu, us rig rude representing a new constellation. jukes, were spenced for the moment garas- By an act of January 14, 1794, the stripes and stars tomshment, which deprived fear of t vere both to be fifteen in number, to take effect from utterance, till the triumph of Genius extorted from the first of May, 1795. This addition of two stars Of the most celebrated aqueducts of modern times are that of Caserta in Naples and of Maintenon in France, begun by Louis XIV, in 1684, to carry from the river Eure to Versailles, but abandoned in 1688. This was designed to have been the most stupendous aqueduct in the world; the whole length contemplated was 60,000 fathoms; the bridge 2,070 fathoms, consisting of 632 arches 220 feet high. There is also a modern aqueduct at Bemfica, near Lisbon, in Por tugal. The Croton aqueduct greatly surpasses any of the above structures, both in magnitude and perfection. There is no useless display of gigantic arches and enormous stones, but the whole is a beautiful monu ment of the perfection to which the art has arrived at this day-simple, efficient, and durable. It may |