wme independent also: thus subortion is destroyed, and a country lowed up in the extent of its own doions. The Turkish empire would be e formidable, were it less extensiveeit not for those countries which it can :ber command nor give entirely away, ich it is obliged to protect, but from ich it has no power to exact obe :nce Ye, obvious as these truths are, there e many Englishmen who are for transanting new colonies into this late acquiion, for peopling the deserts of America ith the refuse of their countrymen, and s they express it) with the waste of an cuberant nation. But who are those nhappy creatures who are to be thus rained away? Not the sickly, for they re welcome guests abroad as well as t home; nor the idle, for they would tave as well behind the Apalachian datans as in the streets of London. The refuse is composed of the laborious enterprising-of such men as can be cable to their country at home-of a who ought to be regarded as the s of the people, and cherished with y degree of political indulgence. And wt are the commodities which this ay, when established, is to produce iam? Why, raw silk, hemp, and toa. England, therefore, must make an range of her best and bravest subjects traw silk, hemp, and tobacco; her hardy trans and honest tradesmen must be ared for a box of snuff or a silk petti4. Strange absurdity! Surely the poliof the Ďaures are not more strange, sell their religion, their wives, and liberty, for a glass bead or a paltry knife.-Farewell. LETTER XVIII. To the same. HE English love their wives with much on, the Hollanders with much prunce: the English, when they give their ris, frequently give their hearts; the tch give the hand, but keep the an wisely in their own possession. The glish love with violence, and expect lent love in return; the Dutch are satisfied with the slightest acknowledg ment, for they give little away. The English expend many of the matrimonial comforts in the first year; the Dutch frugally husband out their pleasures, and are always constant, because they are always indifferent. There seems very little difference between a Dutch bridegroom and a Dutch husband. Both are equally possessed of the same cool unexpecting serenity; they can see neither Elysium nor Paradise behind the curtain; and Yiffrow is not more a goddess on the wedding-night than after twenty years matrimonial acquaintance. On the other hand, many of the English marry in order to have one happy month in their lives; they seem incapable of looking beyond that period; they unite in hopes of finding rapture, and, disappointed in that, disdain ever to accept of happiness. From hence we see open hatred ensue; or, what is worse, concealed disgust under the appearance of fulsome endearment. Much formality, great civility, and studied compliments are exhibited in public; cross looks, sulky silence, or open recrimination, fill up their hours of private entertainment. Hence I am taught, whenever I see a new married couple more than ordinarily fond before faces, to consider them as attempting to impose upon the company or themselves; either hating each other heartily, or consuming that stock of love in the beginning of their course which should serve them through their whole journey. Neither side should expect those instances of kindness which are inconsistent with true freedom or happiness to bestow. Love, when founded in the heart, will show itself in a thousand unpremeditated sallies of fondness; but every cool deliberate exhibition of the passion only argues little understanding, or great insincerity. Choang was the fondest husband, and Hansi the most endearing wife, in all the kingdom of Korea: they were a pattern of conjugal bliss; the inhabitants of the country around saw, and envied their felicity: wherever Choang came, Hansi was sure to follow and in all the pleasures of Hansi, Choang was ad mitted a partner. They walked hand in hand wherever they appeared, showing every mark of mutual satisfaction, embracing, kissing-their mouths were for ever joined ; and, to speak in the language of anatomy, it was with them one perpetual anastomosis. Their love was so great, that it was thought nothing could interrupt their mutual peace, when an accident happened, which, in some measure, diminished the husband's assurance of his wife's fidelity; for love so refined as his was subject to a thousand little disquietudes. Happening to go one day alone among the tombs that lay at some distance from his house, he there perceived a lady dressed in the deepest mourning, (being clothed all over in white,) fanning the wet clay that was raised over one of the graves with a large fan which she held in her hand. Choang, who had early been taught wisdom in the school of Tao, was unable to assign a cause for her present employment; and coming up, civilly demanded the reason. Alas," replied the lady, her eyes bathed in tears, "how is it possible to survive the loss of my husband, who lies buried in this grave! He was the best of men, the tenderest of husbands with his dying breath he bid me never marry again till the earth over his grave should be dry; and here you see me steadily resolving to obey his will, and endeavouring to dry it with my fan. I have employed two whole days in fulfilling his commands, and am determined not to marry till they are punctually obeyed, even though his grave should take up four days in drying. Choang, who was struck with the widow's beauty, could not, however, avoid smiling at her haste to be married; but, concealing the cause of his mirth, civilly invited her home, adding, that he had a wife who might be capable of giving her some consolation. As soon as he and his guest were returned, he imparted to Hansi in private what he had seen, and could not avoid expressing his uneasiness that such might be his own case if his dearest wife should one day happen to survive him. It is impossible to describe Hansi's resentment at so unkind a suspicion her passion for him was not only but extremely delicate, she employed! anger, frowns, and exclamations, to his suspicions: the widow herself inveighed against; and Hansi decl she was resolved never to sleep unde same roof with a wretch, who, like could be guilty of such barefaced constancy. The night was cold stormy; however, the stranger was liged to seek another lodging, for Che was not disposed to resist, and H would have her way. The widow had scarce been gone hour, when an old disciple of Choar whom he had not seen for many ye came to pay him a visit. He was recei with the utmost ceremony, placed in most honourable seat at supper, and wine began to circulate with great freed Choang and Hansi exhibited open ma of mutual tenderness and unfeigned conciliation: nothing could equal th apparent happiness; so fond a husba so obedient a wife, few could beh without regretting their own infelici when, lo! their happiness was at o disturbed by a most fatal accide Choang fell lifeless in an apoplectic upon the floor. Every method was us but in vain, for his recovery. Hansi w at first inconsolable for his death: aft some hours, however, she found spirits read his last will. The ensuing day, s began to moralize and talk wisdom; t next day, she was able to comfort t young disciple; and on the third, shorten a long story, they both agreed be married. There was now no longer mourning the apartments: the body of Choang w now thrust into an old coffin, and placed one of the meanest rooms, there to lie u attended until the time prescribed by la for his interment. In the meantime, Han and the young disciple were arrayed in th most magnificent habits; the bride wo in her nose a jewel of immense price, an her lover was dressed in all the finery his former master, together with a pair artificial whiskers that reached down his toes. The hour of their nuptials wa arrived; the whole family sympathise 1 their approaching happiness; the rtments were brightened up with lights dised the most exquisite perfume, alastre more bright than noon-day. lady expected her youthful lover in Ter apartment with impatience; when servant, approaching with terror in his atce, informed her, that his master s file into a fit which would certainly mal, unless the heart of a man lately adwald be obtained, and applied to breast. She scarcely waited to hear end of his story, when, tucking up her , she ran with a mattock in her a to the coffin where Choang lay, vag to apply the heart of her dead s and as a cure for the living. She ctelore struck the lid with the utmost olence. In a few blows the coffin flew when the body, which to all apanne had been dead, began to move. ened at the sight, Hansi dropped the ack, and Choang walked out, astonhis own situation, his wife's unmagnificence, and her more amazing trise. He went among the apartments, ave to conceive the cause of so much br. He was not long in suspense e his domestics informed him of transaction since he first became esale. He could scarce believe they told him, and went in pursuit Hesi herself, in order to receive more information, or to reproach her Pality. But she prevented his re"*.es: he found her weltering in ; for she had stabbed herself to the , being unable to survive her shame fisppointment. ang, being a philosopher, was too to make any loud lamentations: he t it best to bear his loss with ty; so, mending up the old coffin he had lain himself, he placed his ess spouse in his room; and unthat so many nuptial preparations be expended in vain, he the same at married the widow with the large ture, made a shift to find contentment. - Farewell. LETTER XIX. To the same. THE gentleman dressed in black, who was my companion through Westminster Abbey, came yesterday to pay me a visit; and, after drinking tea, we both resolved to take a walk together, in order to enjoy the freshness of the country, which now begins to resume its verdure. Before we got out of the suburbs, however, we were stopped in one of the streets by a crowd of people, gathered in a circle round a man and his wife, who seemed too loud and too angry to be understood. The people were highly pleased with the dispute, which, upon inquiry, we found to be between Dr. Cacafogo, an apothecary, and his wife. The doctor, it seems, coming unexpectedly into his wife's apartment, found a gentleman there, in circumstances not in the least equivocal. The doctor, who was a person of nice honour, resolving to revenge the flagrant insult, immediately flew to the chimneypiece, and, taking down a rusty blunderbuss, drew the trigger upon the defiler of his bed: the delinquent would certainly have been shot through the head, but that the piece had not been charged for many years. The gallant made a shift to escape through the window, but the lady still remained; and, as she well knew her husband's temper, undertook to manage the quarrel without a second. He was furious, and she loud; their noise had gathered all the mob, who charitably assembled on the occasion, not to prevent, but to enjoy the quarrel. "Alas!" said I to my companion, "what will become of this unhappy creature thus caught in adultery? Believe me, I pity her from my heart; her husband, I suppose, will show her no mercy. Will they burn her, as in India, or behead As they both wer vere apprised of the her, as in Persia? Will they load her es of each other beforehand, they with stripes, as in Turkey, or keep her in w how to excuse them after marriage. perpetual imprisonment, as with us in y lived together for many years in China? Prithee, what is the wife's punat tranquillity, and not expecting rap-ishment in England for such offences?" 66 66 By the peculiar excellence of the work of the temple, "There," says the gen manship, and the magnificence of the man, pointing with his finger, "that is design, this must be a trophy raised to the Poet's Corner; there you see the m memory of some king who has saved his ments of Shakspeare, and Milton, country from ruin, or lawgiver who has Prior, and Drayton."-"Drayton !" I reduced his fellow-citizens from anarchy | plied; “I never heard of him before; into just subjection."-"It is not requi- I have been told of one Pope-is he there site," replied my companion, smiling, "to "It is time enough," replied my gui have such qualifications in order to have 'these hundred years; he is not long des a very fine monument here: more humble people have not done hating him yet." abilities will suffice."-"What! I suppose, 'Strange," cried I; can any be fou then, the gaining two or three battles, to hate a man whose life was wholly sp or the taking half a score of towns, is in entertaining and instructing his fello thought a sufficient qualification?"- creatures?" "Yes," says my guide, "th 'Gaining battles, or taking towns," replied hate him for that very reason. There ar the Man in Black, "may be of service; set of men called answerers of books, w but a gentleman may have a very fine take upon them to watch the republic monument here without ever seeing a bat- letters, and distribute reputation by tle or a siege."-"This, then, is the monu- sheet; they somewhat resemble the ment of some poet, I presume-of one nuchs in a seraglio, who are incapable whose wit has gained him immortality?" giving pleasure themselves, and hin -"No, sir," replied my guide, "the gen- those that would. These answerers h: tleman who lies here never made verses; no other employment but to cry out Du and as for wit, he despised it in others, and Scribbler; to praise the dead a because he had none himself."-" Pray tell revile the living; to grant a man of c me, then, in a word," said I, peevishly, fessed abilities some small share of me "what is the great man who lies here par- to applaud twenty blockheads in order ticularly remarkable for?"-"Remark- gain the reputation of candour; and able, sir!" said my companion; "why, revile the moral character of the n sir, the gentleman that lies here is remark- whose writings they cannot injure. able, very remarkable-for a tomb in West- wretches are kept in pay by some m minister Abbey."-"But, head of my cenary bookseller, or more frequently ancestors! how has he got here? I fancy bookseller himself takes this dirty we he could never bribe the guardians of the off their hands, as all that is required temple to give him a place. Should he to be very abusive and very dull. not be ashamed to be seen among company poet of any genius is sure to find st where even moderate merit would look enemies; he feels, though he seems like infamy?"-"I suppose," replied the despise, their malice; they make 1. Man in Black, "the gentleman was rich, miserable here, and in the pursuit of em; and his friends, as is usual in such a case, fame, at last he gains solid anxiety." told him he was great. He readily believed them; the guardians of the temple, as they got by the self-delusion, were ready to believe him too; so he paid his money for a fine monument; and the workman, as you see, has made him one of the most beautiful. Think not, however, that this gentleman is singular in his desire of being buried among the great; there are several others in the temple, who, hated and shunned by the great while alive, have come here fully resolved to keep them company now they are dead." As we walked along to a particular part St Ev "Has this been the case with every p I see here?" cried I.-"Yes, with ev mother's son of them," replied he, cept he happened to be born a manda”. If he has much money, he may buy re tation from your book-answerers, as w as a monument from the guardians of: temple.' But are there not some men of d tinguished taste, as in China, who. willing to patronize men of merit, and so the rancour of malevolent dulness." "I own there are many," replied: Man in Black; “but, alas! sir, the b nstrerers crowd about them, and call themlves the writers of books; and the patron too indolent to distinguish: thus poets re kept at a distance, while their enemies at up all their rewards at the mandarine's able." Leaving this part of the temple, we made ip to an iron gate, through which my Companion told me we were to pass, in order to see the monuments of the kings. Accordingly, I marched up without further ceremony, and was going to enter, when 4 person who held the gate in his hand toime I must pay first. I was surprised at such a demand; and asked the man, whether the people of England kept a show?-whether the paltry sum he dehanded was not a national reproach ?— whether it was not more to the honour of the oventry to let their magnificence or ther antiquities be openly seen, than thus nly to tax a curiosity which tended to ter own honour?-"As for your quesreplied the gate-keeper, "to be they may be very right, because I dn't understand them; but, as for that tore threepence, I farm it from one-who s it from another--who hires it from #hid-who leases it from the guardians the temple and we all must live.' I pected, upon paying here, to see some1 extraordinary, since what I had seen nothing filled me with so much surprise: in this I was disappointed; there was the more within than black coffins, rusty mour, tattered standards, and some few senly figures in wax. I was sorry I had ai, but I comforted myself by considerit would be my last payment. A pernattended us who without once blushing dan hundred lies: he talked of a lady aho died by pricking her finger; of a king h a golden head, and twenty such pieces absurdity. "Look ye there, gentlehen," says he, pointing to an old oak air, "there's a curiosity for ye; in that chair the kings of England were crowned: you see also a stone underneath, and that one is Jacob's pillow." I could see no uriosity either in the oak chair or the Stone: could I, indeed, behold one of the old kings of England seated in this, or Jacob's head laid upon the other, there might be something curious in the sight; | but in the present case, there was no more reason for my surprise, than if I should pick a stone from their streets, and call it a curiosity, merely because one of the kings happened to tread upon it as he passed in a procession. From hence our conductor led us through several dark walks and winding ways, uttering lies, talking to himself, and flourishing a wand which he held in his hand. He reminded me of the black magicians of Kobi. After we had been almost fatigued with a variety of objects, he at last desired me to consider attentively a certain suit of armour, which seemed to show nothing remarkable. "This armour," said he, "belonged to General Monk.' "Very surprising that a general should wear armour!"-"And pray," added he, "observe this cap; this is General Monk's cap."-"Very strange indeed, very strange, that a general should have a cap also! Pray, friend, what might this cap have cost originally?”—“That, sir," says he, "I don't know; but this cap is all the wages I have for my trouble."-"A very small recompense, truly," said I.—“Not so very small," replied he, "for every gentleman puts some money into it, and I spend the money." "What, more money! still more money!”—“Every gentleman gives something, sir."-"I'll give thee nothing," returned I; “the guardians of the temple should pay you your wages, friend, and not permit you to squeeze thus from every spectator. When we pay our money at the door to see a show, we never give more as we are going out. Sure, the guardians of the temple can never think they get enough. Show me the gate; if I stay longer, I may probably meet with more of those ecclesiastical beggars." Thus leaving the temple precipitately, I returned to my lodgings, in order to ruminate over what was great, and to despise what was mean, in the occurrences of the day. LETTER XIV. To the same. I WAS some days ago agreeably surprised by a message from a lady of distinction, who sent me word, that she most passionately desired the pleasure of my acquaint |