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Carotid, the name of the arteries which pass up the neck on each side of the windpipe, and convey the blood to the head.

Cartilaginous, gristly; formed from or consisting of gristle.

Cellular, consisting of cells.

Centripetal, having a tendency towards the centre. All bodies on the surface, have a tendency to fall towards the centre of the earth.

Cetaceous, of the whale kind.

Chrysalis, an insect in the second stage of its metamorphosis.
Cicatrix, a scar.

Comminuted, broken up into small pieces.

Conatus, attempt, endeavour, effort.

Condyles, prominences at the ends of some of the bones which are intended to afford surfaces for the formation of joints.

Congeries, a heap or pile of bodies accumulated together.

Connate, produced or being born together; having their origin at the same time, and from the same cause.

Convolution, the turning, rolling, or winding of anything. The convolutions of a snail's shell are the spiral windings of the tube in which it exists around a central pillar or basis.

Cornea, the transparent coat at the front part of the eye, through which we see the pupil and the iris.

Corolla. This term includes what are commonly called the leaves of the flower, viz. the various colored leaves which give their beauty and fragrance to most flowers.

Cretaceous, formed of, or consisting of chalk. It is applied not merely to substances consisting of chalk, commonly so called, but to a variety of others, which resemble it merely in having the same chemical composition, such as the shells of shell-fish, &c.

Cubital, an anatomical term used to designate parts in, and relating to, the cubit or fore-arm, which extends from the elbow to the hand.

D.

Deglutition, the act of swallowing.

Diaphragm, a muscular membrane which is stretched completely across the cavity of the body like a curtain, and divides the chest from the belly, and by its contraction performs an important part in the act of respiration.

Dioptric, a term applied to that part of the science of optics which treats of the passage of light through, and its refraction by means of, transparent substances.

Dorsal, appertaining to the back.

It is

Ductus arteriosus, a duct or canal leading from the pulmonary arteries to the aorta, by which the blood is before birth conveyed from the pulmonary arteries to the aorta without passing through the lungs. closed after birth. Duodenum, the first of the small intestines, being the next in order to the stomach, and receiving the food from it.

E.

Elytra, the external, hard, scaly wings of many insects, such as the beetles.

Entomology, the science relating to insects.

Epiglottis, a valve which covers the passage from the mouth into the windpipe.

Eruca labra, the name of an insect.

Eustachian, applied to parts first discovered by Eustachias.
Exility, slenderness, smallness.

Exuviae, the cast off skins, shells, or other coverings of animals
Exsiccation, drying, parting with moisture to air or heat.

Evagation, wandering, deviation from an appointed course.

F.

Farina. This word is sometimes used instead of pollen for the fertili zing dust produced from the stamens and anthers of flowers, and collected by bees. It is so used by our author.

Fibula, a small long bone, extending from the knee to the ankle-joint, parallel to and connected with the tibia or principal bone of the leg on its outside. The lower end of it forms the outer ankle.

Foramen ovale, or oval hole, an opening in the foetal state, between the two ventricles of the heart, permitting the passage of blood from one to the other. It is closed after birth.

Fasce, see Plate of the parts of the watch.

G.

Gallinaceous. Birds of a particular order, living generally upon grains or seeds of plants, of a stately aspect, and confined powers of flight. Such are the common domestic fowl, the turkey, the peacock, &c. Gestation, the act of carrying the young within the body of the parent, whether in the state of the egg or of the living foetus. Graminivorous, living or feeding upon grass.

Granivorous, living or feeding upon grains and seeds.

Gregarious, herding together-flocking together-assembling in herds and companies.

H.

Halitus, the watery vapor which is thrown out from the lungs with the air at every act of respiration.

Hemiplegia, a paralysis or palsy of one half of the body, consisting in a loss of the sense of feeling, or of the power of voluntary motion; or of both. Herbivorous, living upon herbs, or rather upon vegetable substances in general. A term used in contra-distinction to carnivorous.

Homologous, having the same relation or proportions. Lines drawn through any two similar bodies of different sizes, are said to be homologous when they are drawn through corresponding parts of each. Hybernacula, the habitations, coverings, or retreats in which animals pass the winter. Animals when residing in them are generally in a torpid state.

Hydrocanthari, a name of insects

I.

Ignited, a chemical term applied to a body raised to a high degree of heat.

Inertia, a property of all matter which disposes it to remain in the state in which it is, whether of motion or rest.

Iris, plural Irides; the colored ring surrounding the pupi¡ of the eye.

L.

Lachrymal, appertaining to or relating to the tears, or to the apparatus for their production.

Lacteals, capillary or hair-like vessels opening upon the internal surface

Bb

of the intestines, absorbing the chyle or nutritious fluid prepared by the digestive organs from the food, and conveying it through the mesentery to the thoracic duct and thence into the circulating mass of the blood.

Lamella, a thin plate or edge.

Laminae, thin plates or layers.

Larynx, the upper part of the windpipe, including the organs of voice Lens, a circular glass whose surfaces are either convex or concave. It is also applied to any other transparent body of the same shape, as ice, crystal, or diamond.

Levitation, the making an object lighter; giving to it a buoyant tendency.

Longus, long. A name applied to several muscles of the body on account of their length when compared with other muscles.

Lubricity, facility of the slipping or gliding of one surface over another without friction, whether in consequence of the smoothness of the sur faces, or the interposition of some soft, slippery fluid, or substance. Lubricate, to give lubricity.

Luxation, dislocation of a bone, throwing a bone out of joint.
Lymphatics, small vessels in the bodies of animals carrying lymph.

M.

Masseter, a strong muscle which closes the jaw in chewing, situated at the back part of the cheek towards the ear. It may be felt in chewing. Mediastinum, a fold of the membrane lining the chest, by which it is divided into two cavities.

Medullary, formed or consisting of marrow. Applied to the substance of the brain and nerves, and to that in the cavities of some of the bones. Menstruum, any liquid or fluid in which another body is dissolved. Mesentery, a double fold of the membrane lining the abdomen and covering the intestines, by which the latter are suspended, and are connected to the walls of the cavity. It gives passage to vessels, nerves, and to the lacteals.

Monopetalous, applied to flowers consisting of a single petal or flower

cup.

N.

Nectaria, that part of the corolla of plants which produces honey. Nictitating, winking. Applied generally to the third eyelid of birds and some other animals.

Nigella, the name of a plant.

Nymphae, insects in the second preparatory state, before their fina transformation.

0.

Oblate. A sphere flattened at the poles is said to be oblate.

Oesophagus, the tube or canal which conveys food from the mouth to the stomach.

Omentum, the caul; a kind of apron formed of fat and membrane which hangs down and covers the intestines within the abdomen.

Os hyoides, the bone of the tongue and throat.

Os pubis, the bone which arches forward from the pelvis, and supports the lower part of the belly.

Ossification, a change of structure into bone.

Oviparous, bringing forth or bearing young by means of eggs.

P.

Palmated, having a palm like that of the hand.

Pancreas, a gland within the abdomen, just below the stomacn, and providing a fluid to assist in digestion.

Papillae, little projections on the surface of organs, as on the tongue, which are the seats of sensation.

Papilionaceous, of or resembling butterflies. Applied to a certain tribe of flowers on account of their resemblance in shape to those insects. Pectoral, of or relating to the chest.

Pelvis, the broad flat basin, constituting the lower part of the abdomen, composed principally of the broad flat bones usually called the hip and haunch bones.

Peritonaeum, a membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and giving a close covering to all its contents.

Peristaltic, applied to the crawling, worm-like motion of the intestines. Pericardium, the bag containing the heart.

Pericarpium, a kind of seed vessels of plants.

Periosteum, the membrane which adheres to, and closely invests the

surface of bones.

Petals, the flower leaves, or leaves of the corolla of plants.

Pharynx, the cavity at the back part of the mouth which receives the food just before swallowing, and transmits it to the oesophagus. Phosphoric, of or resembling phosphorus.

Pistil, the part of a flower intended to receive the pollen or fertilizing dust of the stamens.

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Piston, a movable cylinder in the tube of some machines, intended to take off its motion the pressure of the air, or to receive the impulse from steam as in the pump and steam-engine.

Plantule, a little plant. Applied to the part which first sprouts from the seed when it begins to grow. It refers to the same part with Plumule. Pleura, the membrane lining the chest.

Plumule, see plantule.

Pneumatic, of or relating to the air or wind.

Pollen, the fertilizing dust of flowers, produced by the stamens, and falling upon the pistils in order to render a flower capable of producing seed or fruit.

Primordial, original.

R.

Radicle, the little root which is first sent out by a seed when it begins to grow.

Refraction, generally applied to the change of direction which takes place when a ray of light moves from one medium into another of a different density.

Renitency, resistance.

Retina, a very sensible and delicate membrane at the back part of the eye, intended to receive the images of objects like the screen of a camera obscura. Supposed to be an expansion of the nerve of the eye. Rictus, the extent of the mouth when opened widely as in gaping.

Sanguiferous, carrying blood.

S.

Sensorium, the seat or centre of sensations, to which all the impressions made upon the external organs of sense are transmitted, and where they are perceived.

Spheroid, approaching in form to, or resembling a sphere.
Spiculae, spines or sharp projections.

Sternum, the breast bone.

Stigma, plural, stigmata; the extremity of the pistil of plants.
Storgee, the sentiment or instinct of parental affection.

Stum, an unfermented mass of liquor.

Subclavian, a term applied to parts which are situated beneath the clavicle or collar bone as the subclavian artery, &c.

Sugescent, employed in sucking.

Sui generis, of a peculiar kind or character.

Sutures, the union of bones by their edges, without movable joints, as in the flat bones of the skull. The edges in this case are often notched like the teeth of a saw, and the line of union resembles a seam. Whence called a suture.

Synovia, the liquid which lubricates the internal surfaces of the joints to give facility of motion.

T.

Telum imbelle, a harmless weapon.

Thorax, the chest.

Tibia, the main bone of the leg, extending from the knee to the foot. Its projecting extremity forms the inner ankle, and its ends enter into the formation of both the knee and ankle joints.

Trachea, the windpipe.

Tubercle, a swelling or prominence.

U.

Umbilical, proceeding from or relating to the navel or umbilicus. Univalve, consisting of a single valve or shell, such as the snail, cockle. Urachus, a vessel leading from the bladder to the navel before birth, which is converted into a ligament after birth.

Ureter, the tube conveying the urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Vallisneria, the name of a plant.

V.

Valvulae conniventes, folds formed by the internal membrane of the intestines, constituting partial valves, and intended to retard the passage of the food.

Vascular, containing or consisting of vessels.

Vena cava, one of the great veins which brings the blood from the ex tremities of the body to the heart.

Ventral, of or appertaining to the belly.

Ventricle, a term applied to several small internal cavities in the body, as the ventricles of the brain and of the heart.

Vertebrae, the separate bones constituting the back bone.

Viscus, plural Viscera; the internal organs of the body, as lungs, heart, stomach, liver, brain, &c.

Viviparous, producing or bringing forth young alive.

Vortex, plural Vortices; anything whirled round. The heavenly bodies have been formerly supposed to be carried around in their orbits by certain vortices or whirlpools which were imagined to exist.

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