Thus these 7 sous, two pounds of bread, 8 sous, and, perhaps, for wine, 2 sous, make 17 sous.

72. The masons, paviours, lockmiths, &c., do not exceed 20 or 21 sous; their only addition to the above being four or five sous for supper. 21 sous,

3. The other classes of trades shown npon the list, such as carvers, saddlers, gilders, printers, mechanics, upholsterers, &c., spend from 25 to 27 sous. thus:

This class

4. The fourth class may, perhaps, spend from 30 to 36 sous. comprises the jewellers, engravers, watch-makers, tailors, &e. Breakfast, estimated at

12 Dinner, at an ordinary, at per head 22 Other expenses

2

.

.

.

LODGING.— The workmen who have their own furniture may get apartments for from 10 fr. to 100 fr. per annum : they who hire surnished rooms, pay

Fr. per ann.

For a whole room, twelve francs per month.
For a room with more than one lodger, eight francs per month
For the half of a bed, five francs per month .

144 96

60

CLOTHING.–The expense for clothing cannot be precisely estimated, from the difference existing in the dress of the various classes of workmen. The masons, smith, &c. who wear very coarse clothing, do not expend more 100 or 120 fr. for dress, washing, shoes, &c.; while the jewellers, watchmakers, and engravers spend at least 300 fr., perhaps 350 fr. but not more.

AMUSEMENTS.-We shall not bere speak of those thriftless men,* who, on the Sunday and Monday, spend three fourths of their weekly earnings in intemperance, and who, to defray their daily expenses, contract debts they never pay, but of prudent men who base their expenses on their income.

Some of these content themselves with spending 25 to 30 sous in the houses of entertainment in the suburbs; others frequent the public balls of Paris, and spend in entrance money and refreshments from 40 sous to 3 fr., perhaps 3 fr. 50 c.; others go to the theatres, where the price of admittance to the pit varies with the different houses; there are some of 1 fr. 25 c., and others of 2 fr. 50 c.; we may add about 50 c. for unforeseen expenscs, raising the whole to from 1 fr. 75 c. to 3 fr.

All my inquiries and observations lead me to believe that these thristless men, as Dr. Bowring calls them, form a considerable part of the Parisian workmen. But as I shall treat this subject at length elsewhere, 1 do not now enter upon it.

There are, moreover, secret expenses, on which we can say nothing.

[Answers from the Workmen of Paris to

Questions of the British Commissioners.

The Official Returns for 1827 in Paris, give for the average Price of Labour the following statements : Number of

Average. Workpeople.

Francs. 1054 Tobacco manufacturers, highest rate, fr. 3.35 per day, lowest, fr. 1.45. ..

2.08% 1000 Fan-makers; men, fr. 2.50, women, fr. 1.25, children, c. 60. 4116 Paper-stainers; men, fr. 3 to 4, women, fr. 1.50 to 2, children,

C, 80 to fr. 1. 600 Wool-washers

1.80 400 Ditto, in the fleece

1.70 1050 Blanket manufacturers

2.50 200 Lapidaries . .

4.00 3345 Working jewellers, lowest rate, fr. 2.50, highest, fr. 4.50 925 Marble-workers and statuaries, lowest rate, fr. 2.50, highest,

fr. 6.20. 750 Glass manufacturers .

4.00 417 Lithographic printers, lowest rate, fr. 1.50, highest, fr. 5.00. 46 Gas-work labourers .

2.75

.

Taking on an average of 12 years the prices of labour for the following trades, (from 1817 to 1828) are thus given:

Lowest. Highest. Last rate.

Francs. Francs. Francs. Stone-cutters.

3.25 4.25 3.50 Bricklayers .

3.75 5.00 4.50 Ditto (assistants)

2.50 3.50 3.25 Day-labourers.

2.00 3.00 2.30 Masons

3.25 4.50 3.50 Mortar-makers.

2.50 3.25 2.75 Boys (employed by builders).

1.90 2.40 2.10 Carpenters .

3.25 4.00 3:48

.

.

In the iron works at Vandelesse (Nièvre), the price of labour is fr. 1.50 per day (Dupin. p. 293); at Nevers, for manufacture of iron cables, 2 fr.; at Fourchambault (where 2385 are employed in wood-cutting), fr. 1.60 is the average rate; the workmen in the potteries at Nevers gain fr. 1.75 per day; at Nogent, in the manufacture of linen goods, the wages are, to men, fr. 2, women, fr.1.25, and children, 60 c. to 60 per day; at Mouy, in the woollen manufactures, men are paid from fr. I to fr. 150, and boys of fifteen, 1 fr.;

These prices are taken from M. Chabrol's reports,

in the Department de l'Aube, the weavers of fine cloths get fr. 1.75, stockingmakers, fr. 1, cotton-spinners, fr. 1.50 per day, reelers and winders, fr. 1, tanners, 2 fr. to 2 fr. 10 c.; at St. Etienne, the wages paid to the miners are, diggers, fr. 3.50, drawers, fr. 3 per day; at Rive de Gier, fr. 4.25 and fr. 3.50; nailors receive either 7 to 10 centimes per lb., or from fr. 1 to fr 1.50 per 1,000. The tenders on silk worms are paid from 50 c. to 1 fr. per day. Women employed in reeling silk, receive 1 fr. per lb. At the forge of Janon (Vienne), a master founder is paid 8 fr., a founder, 4 fr. to 5 fr., a labourer, 2 fr., and a boy from fr. I to fr. 1.25 per day. At Rive de Gier, the labouring makers of coke receive from fr. 2 to fr. 2-50 per day.

The “Ponts et Chausseés” pay their labourers 36 fr. per calendar month. -Dupin, p. 263.

M. Dupin, as the result of his observations and investig:itions as to the medium price of manufacturing labour, calculates fr. 2.26 for the northern, and fr. 1.89 for the southern provinces of France;-giving, with a reference to the whole population, fr. 2.06 as the average rate.-Sundry Sources.

Statistic of the number of Houses, and the Inhabitants in the chief Cities of

Europe.

The Chief Cities of the World, with their distance from Paris.

.

167

Amsterdam
Anvers.
Bale
Berlin.
Brussels
Cadiz.
Constantinople
Copenhagen
Dantzic
Dover.
Dresden
Dublin .
Edinburgh.
Ghent.
Geneva.
Gibraltar
The Hague.
Leipsic.
London.
Madrid.

Leagues.
112 Moscow

78 Naples .
117 Palermo
225 Parma

69 Petersburg
395 Rome.
556 Stockholm .
250 Turin ..
300 Warsaw

75 Venice.
213 Vienna .
185 Alexandria.
190 Cape of Good Hope.

70 Saint Helena .
145 Pekin.
410 Jerusalem .

90 Pondichery
189 Smyrna

98 Mexico.
300 Philadelphia.
153

.

.

Milan.

Page 153. These reports are too long to find their room in the Appendix ; but they are most interesting to any one wishing to know the state of parties at that time in France, and the causes which, gradually developing themselves, produced the revolution of July. They are to be found in the History of the Restoration, to which I have once or twice referred, a book very unequally writien, and far too long for the matter it contains, but still presenting, in a collected form, more information of the time it treats of than can elsewhere be met with. M. Lacretelle's work is also worth attending to.

Page 171. The address first expressed the consent of the Chamber to the views taken by his majesty relative to the negociations that were opened for the reconciliation of the princes of the flouse of Braganza, and the wish that a termination should be put to the evils under which Portugal was groaning.

“Sans porter atteinte au principe sacré de la légitimité, inviolable pour les rois non moins que pour les peuples.

ས “Cependant, Sire, au milieu des sentimens unanimes de respect et d'affection dont votre peuple vous entoure, il se manifeste dans les esprits une vive inquiétude qui trouble la sécurité dont la France avait commencé à jouir, altère les sources de sa prospérité, et pourrait, si elle se prolongeait, devenir funeste à son repos. Notre conscience, notre honneur, la fidélité que nous vous avons jurée, et que nous vous garderons toujours, nous imposent le devoir de vous en dévoiler la cause. La charte, que nous devons à la sagesse de votre auguste prédécesseur, et dont votre Majesté a la ferme volonté de consolider le bienfait, consacre comme un droit l'intervention du pays dans la délibération des intérêts publics.

“Cette intervention devait étre, elle est, en effet , indirecte, sagement mesurée, circonscrite dans des limites exactement tracées, et que nous ne souffrirons jamais que l'on ose tenter de franchir; mais elle est positive dans son résultat, car elle fait , du concours permanent des vues politiques de votre gouvernement avec les væux de votre peuple, la condition indispensable de la marche régulière des affaires publiques. Sire, notre loyauté, notre dévouement, nous condamnent à vous dire que ce concours n'existe pas. Une défiance injuste des sentimens et de la raison de la France est aujourd'hui la pensée fondamentale de l'administration : votre peuple s'en afflige, parce qu'elle est injurieuse pour lui, il s'en inquiète , parce qu'elle est menaçante pour ses libertés. Cette défiance ne saurait approcher de votre noble cæur. Non, Sire, la France ne veut pas plus de l'anarchie que vous ne voulez du despotisme ; elle est digne que vous ayez foi dans sa loyauté comme elle a foi dans vos promesses. Entre ceux, qui méconnaissent une nation si calme, si fidèle, et nous qui, avec une conviction profonde, venons déposer dans votre sein les douleurs de tout un peuple jaloux de l'estime et de la confiance de son roi, que la haute sagesse de votre Majesté prononce! Ses royalon prérogatives ont placé dans ses mains les moyens d'assurer entre les pouvoirs de l'état cette harmonie constitutionnelle, première et nécessaire condition de a force du trône et de la grandeur de la France."

As given June 4th, 1814, by Louis As accepted Aug. 9th, 1830, by XVIII., born King by the grace of Louis Philippe I., elected King by the God.

choice of the nation.

ARTICLE I.

All Frenchmen are equal in the eye of the law, whatsoever be their titles or ranks.

II.

They are to contribute indiscriminately, according to their several fortunes, to the support of the state.

III.

i They are all equally admissible to all civil and military employments.

IV.

Their individual liberty is equally assured; no one can be prosecuted or arrested but in cases provided for by the law, and according to its prescribed forms.

Every person may with equal liberty profess his religion and obtain for bis creed the same protection.

VI.

Nevertheless, the Catholic, Apostolic, and Roman religion is the established religion of the state.--(Suppressed in the new charta.)

VII. The ministers of the Catholic, Apos- The ministers of the Catholic, Apostolic, and Roman religion, and those tolic, and Roman religion, as professof other Christian sects, may alone ed by the bulk of the French nation, receive salaries from the royal trea- and those of other Christian sects, sury.

may alone receive salaries from the public treasury.

VI.

VI.

Frenchmen have the right to publish and to cause to be printed their opinions, conformable to the laws enacted for the suppression of any abuse of the said liberty.

Frenchmen have the right to publish or cause to be printed their opinions, conformable to the laws. The censorship can never be re-established.

IX.

All property is inviolable, 'without any exception for that which is termed national, the law knowing no distinction between them.

The state can demand the sacrifice of a property legally proved to be for the public weal, but with a previous indemnification.

The articles running across the page and not in columns are the same in both the chartas.