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CONTENTS
TO
THE SECOND VOLUME.
CHAPTER XIV.
-
Dr. Channing. Agitation in Rhode Island.-Armed Con-
vention. Sail through Amboy Straits. Journey to
Philadelphia and Baltimore.-Harper's Ferry.- Passage
over the Alleghanies by National Road.—Parallel Ridges.—
Absence of Drift.-Structure and Origin of Appalachians.—
Theory of Subsidence and Contraction of Subterranean
Fluid. Kentucky Farmers. Emigrants. - Cumberland
Coal Field.-Clay with Stigmaria.—Marine Shells in Coal
Measures near Frostburg.-Wide Geographical Distribution
of Fossil Coal Plants.
- Page 1
CHAPTER XV.
Alleghany Mountains.- Union. Horizontal Coal Formation.
-Brownsville on the Monongahela. — Facilities of working
Coal.-Navigable Rivers.—Great future Resources of the
Country.-Pittsburg. Illinois Coal Field.-Fossil Indian
Corn.-Indian Mounds near Wheeling. - General Harrison
on their high Antiquity.-Dr. Morton on the aboriginal
Indians. Remarks on the Civilization of the Mexicans and
other Tribes.-Marietta. Silicified Trees or Psarolites of
Ohio.- Coal of Pomeroy.- New Settlements. — Cincin-
nati
---
24
CHAPTER XVI.
Succession of Strata on the Ohio between Pomeroy and
Cincinnati. —Return up the Ohio to Rockville.- Waverley
Sandstone.-Cliff Limestone.-Denudation.-Blue Lime-
stone of Cincinnati. - Lower Silurian Fossils.- Limited
Proportion of Silurian Species common to Europe and
America. Great Development of Brachiopoda. - Deep
Sea Formations.- Rarity of Silurian Land Plants. - Silu-
rian Fossil Fish
Page 45
CHAPTER XVII.
Alluvial Terraces at Cincinnati, and their Origin. - Bones of
the Elephant and Mastodon.- Excursion to the Swamps of
Big Bone Lick in Kentucky. - Noble Forest. Salt Springs.
- Buffalo Trails. Numerous Bones of extinct Animals. -
Associated Freshwater and Land Shells. - Relative Age of
Northern Drift, and Deposits with Bones of Mastodon on the
Ohio
--
58
CHAPTER XVIII.
Cincinnati. -Journey across Ohio to Cleveland. - New
Clearings. Rapid Progress of the State since the Year 1800.
-Increase of Population in the United States.- Political
Discussions. German and Irish Settlers. Stump Oratory.
-Presidential Elections.-Relative Value of Labour and
Land
72
CHAPTER XIX.
Cleveland. - Ridges of Sand and Gravel along the Southern
Coast of Lake Erie. Their Origin. - Fredonia; Streets
lighted with natural Gas. - Falls of Niagara. Burning
Spring-Passing behind the Falls. - Daguerreotype of the
Falls.- Boulder Formation at Whirlpool, and Valley of
St. David's. Glacial polishing and Furrows. — Influence of
Icebergs on Drift
85
CHAPTER XX.
Mirage on Lake Ontario. — Toronto.-Excursion with Mr. Roy
to examine the Parallel Ridges between Lakes Ontario and
Simcoe.- Correspondence of Level in their Base-lines over
wide Areas. Origin of the Ridges. - Lacustrine Theory.—
Hypothesis of Sand-banks formed under Water. — Rapid
Progress of the Colony. - British Settlers unable to speak
English - Page 102
CHAPTER XXI.
Kingston. - Montreal.- French Population and Language.-
Quebec.- Soldiers.- Deserters. Three Rivers. Scotch
Emigrants. - Distinctness of French and British Canadians.
Large Military Force.-American Sympathisers.-Geological
Survey. - Analogy in Structure of Canada and Scandinavia.
-Section at Falls of Montmorency.-Uncomformable Position
of lowest Fossiliferous Sandstone to Gneiss.- Supposed
Monument of the Commencement of the Organic World.—To
what Extent the Granitic Rocks are primary. — Difficulty of
establishing the Date of Metamorphic Action.- Two Sources
of popular Error respecting the more abundant Production of
Hypogene Rocks at remote Periods
CHAPTER XXII.
115
Glacial Furrows in the Valley of the St. Lawrence. — Action
of packed Ice in the Canadian Rivers. - Boulder Form-
ation with and without Shells.- Gannanoqui.-- Mountain
of Montreal.-Recent Shells in Drift more than 500 Feet
above the Sea.- -Lake St. Peter. - Falls of Maskinongé.-
Deposit of Shells at Beauport, near Quebec.- Agreement
with Swedish Fossils. Shells in Boulder Formation of Lake
Champlain.- Burlington, Vermont. - Fossils of Drift imply
a colder Climate.-Scenery of Lake Champlain. - Organic
Remains of Lowest Silurian Sandstone. Lingula.-
Vermont Mountains. — Inns and Boarding Houses. — Return
to Boston.
135
CHAPTER XXIII.
Halifax. Glacial Furrows in Nova Scotia. Difference of
Climate of Halifax and Windsor. - Tracts covered with
Kalmia. Linnæa borealis. - High Tides of the Bay of
Fundy. The Bore.-Recent Deposits of Red Mud hardened
in the Sun. Fossil Showers of Rain. -Foot-prints of Birds
and Casts of the same.. Cracks caused by Shrinkage.
Submerged Forests. - Recent Glacial Furrows at Cape Blo-
midon. - Loaded Ice. - Ice-ruts in Mud
Page 162
CHAPTER XXIV.
Coal Formation of Nova Scotia.-Productive Coal Measures.-
Erect Fossil Trees in the Cliffs of the Bay of Fundy.-Sec-
tion from Minudie to the South Joggins.-Ten buried Forests,
one above the other.-Connexion of upright Trees with Seams
of Coal. Stigmaria.- Sigillaria. - Evidence of repeated
Submergence of dry Land.-Theory to explain the Evenness
of the ancient Surface. Pictou Coal-field. - Bed of erect
Calamites, compared to those of St. Etienne in France. — List
of Species of Nova Scotia Coal-plants. - Four-fifths of these
Fossils identified with European Species. - Carboniferous
Flora of the United States
176
CHAPTER XXV.
Lower Carboniferous or Gypsiferous Formation of Nova Scotia,
-Why formerly considered as newer than the productive
Coal. Determination of its true Age.. Sections near
Windsor. Supposed Reptilian Footsteps.-Section on the
Shubenacadie.-Large Masses of Gypsum.-Their Origin.
-Volcanic Action contemporaneous with Nova Scotia Coal
Measures. -Limestone with Marine Shells. Table of
Organic Remains of the Carboniferous Limestone of Nova
Scotia and Island of Cape Breton
204
CHAPTER XXVI.
Progress and Resources of Nova Scotia.-Highland Settlers.-
Timber Duties.- Cobepuid Hills.—Conflagration of Forests.
-Albion Mines.-Humming Birds.-Estuary of the Shu-
benacadie.Stakes cut by Beavers.—Promotion of Science.
- Social Equality.-Nova Scotians "going home."-Return
to England -
223
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES AND MAPS.
PLATE I.-Bird's-eye View of the Falls of Niagara and
Adjacent Country, coloured geologically.
PLATE II.-Geological Map of the United States, Canada, &c.,
compiled from the State Surveys of the U. S., and other
sources.
SECTION 1.— Authorities.
Maclure, William. — Bay-
field, H. W., Captain R. N.- Featherstonehaugh, G. W.-
Conrad, T. A.-Jackson, C. T., and Alger, F. - Hitchcock,
Edward.- Taylor, R. C., F.G.S.- Rogers, H. D. — Rogers,
W. B. - Owen, David Dale, M.D. Mather, W. W.-
Emmons, E.-Vanuxem, L.- Hall,
- Percival,
James G.-Dr. A. Gesner.-Henwood, W. J., F.G.S., of
Penzance. Mr. J. W. Dawson. - Mr. Richard Brown, of
Sydney, Cape Breton.- Prince of Neuwied.
SECTION 2.
James.
Geological Formations expressed by differ-
ent Colours and Numbers on the Map.-No. 1. Alluvium
and Post-Pliocene.- No. 2. Miocene.-No. 3. Eocene.