ment of the Judicial Committee should be stated in fairness with the date of its being made, and the authority for it, to avoid the surmises which have arisen. 66 as The judgment was delivered on March 21, 1857, by the Hon. T. Pemberton Leigh, afterwards Lord Kingsdown. In the same year an authenticated report of the St. Paul's and Barnabas cases, heard and determined by the Consistory Court of London, the Arches Court of Canterbury, and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council," by E. F. Moore, M.A., Barrister-at-Law, was published by Longmans & Co. (London, 1857). The Preface is dated August 21, and contains these very important statements by Mr. Moore:—“ I have had the advantage of submitting the final judgment to the learned Judge who delivered it, who has obligingly made one or two typographical emendations." I am "the professional reporter of the cases," and "the only possessor of the materials of which an authentic report of this important case could be formed." At p. 197 there is this note, which explains the matter: "The reporter has been requested to add the following note:-A correction has been introduced of an erroneous passage which in the judgment as delivered stood thus that the Prayer for the consecration of the elements was omitted, though in the present Prayer Book it is restored.-T. P. L." The words inserted in the judgment instead of the above are "Material alterations were introduced in the Prayer of Consecration." It appears, therefore, that the alteration was made by Lord Kingsdown, within five months of the judgment being delivered by him, before the publication of the authentic report, that it is certified by his initials, and authenticated by the reporter. The mistake was publicly acknowledged by the Judge who made it. It is not improbable that the other members of the Committee only saw the draft judgment before it was delivered. Sandford St. Martin. ED. MARSHALL. The way in which the two prelates, Sumner and Tait, fell into the error of declaring that the Prayer of Consecration was left out of the second book of Edward VI. is probably this: being profoundly ignorant of Liturgiology, they took up one of those books which compared the two Liturgies, and placed them side by side in parallel columns. In the first book the Prayer of Consecration comes at an earlier stage than in the second, accordingly the column of the second is blank. Without looking further, they concluded that it was wholly omitted! In the Purchas judgment the Archbishop of York made an equally inexcusable blunder. On the question of the mixed chalice, the Dean of Arches ruled that it is not allowed to mix the chalice in the middle of the office, but that it may be lawfully done in the Sacristry before the commencement of the office. This the Privy Council condemned, saying that such was never the custom in any branch of the Church. It was pointed out, after the delivery of the judgment, that so far from being an unknown custom, it is the regular order in the Greek Church. It would have been well if these most reverend prelates had followed the example of mediæval times, and called in the advice of learned men, usually called theologians, before giving judgment. Had they done so, such blunders would have been avoided. E. L. BLENKINSOPP. "WORMING" FOR CANINE RABIES (5th S. i. 505; ii. 150.)-Had JUNII NEPOS consulted the works of the most eminent writers on veterinary science, he would have found that "worming" a dog is a gross error. Not a few prejudices linger in Cheshire, the least-informed county in England. The "Old Cheshire Gardener" is, perhaps, on the establishment of a certain Justice of the Peace in these parts, who publicly asserted, not long since, at Quarter Sessions, that "it was only the dogs of 'loafers' who went mad, not the dogs of respectable people." What would Buckle say to this? Delabere Blaine, who was first an army surgeon and subsequently the ablest veterinarian of this and probably of any country in Europe, informs us "Worming, therefore, I positively affirm, is no safeguard whatever against rabies; and the practice of it is not creditable to our present enlarged state of information." Canine Pathology, London, 1832. Youatt, Blaine's pupil and successor, says of "worming":— "For the sake of humanity, as well as to avoid the charge of ignorance, ignor it is to be hoped that this practice will speedily cease." The Dog. By William Youatt. London, 1864. Mayhew's opinion is : "People who talk of a worm in the tongue of a dog only show their ignorance, and by requesting it should be removed, expose their want of feeling.". "As to worming being of any, even the slightest, protection in case rabies should attack the dog, the idea is so preposterous that I shall not here stay to notice it."Dogs: their Management. By Edward Mayhew, London. Sixty-six dogs have been massacred this year in London streets. In sixty-five there was no evidence of rabies; the other case was doubtful. No person has died of hydrophobia this year (unless very recently) in any hospital in the metropolis. On the other hand, there have been in the present year two instances, at least, of men dying from mere fear of the disease; one in Manchester Infirmary Hospital, and another in Liverpool Hospital. It is very questionable if the epidemic-terror created by penny-a-liners, panic-mongers, and dog-haters has not caused directly more positive loss of life (to say nothing of ill health and nervousness) than all the really mad dogs in the country. "Rabies Canina" is entirely unknown in many lands, and even in England is, as yet, one of the rarest of diseases. GEORGE R. JESSE. "TOUCH NOT THE CAT," &c. (5th S. ii. 146.)I fancy the original and correct way of wording this motto is "Touch not the cat, but a glove." Here but is Scotch for without. To most people, the meaning would not be clear, so there is no harm in altering it to "Touch not the cat without a glove." THOMAS STRATTON. BUNYAN'S IMITATORS (5th S. ii. 148.)-Symon Patrick, successively Bishop of Chichester and Ely, was born at Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, in 1628, and died at Ely, 1707. A list of his works may be seen in Bohn's edition of Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual. The Parable of the Pilgrim, written to a Friend, was published in 1665, in 4to., and has been several times reprinted. The above-quoted authority informs us that— "The so-called Third Part [of The Pilgrim's Progress], first printed in 1692, and of which a sixth edition appeared in 1705, is a spurious and contemptible production." Of this great Cistercian abbey, founded by Roger de Mowbray in the year 1134, ample accounts will be found in Dugdale (Monasticon, vol. i., pp. 775 and 1027, fol. 1682). As to the neighbourhood, and the " names of the ancient inhabitants," I presume the best sources of information would be local and topographical histories. EDMUND TEW, M.A. EPISCOPAL QUERY (5th S. ii. 148.) -In 1308, Sept. 21, Gilbert, Bishop of Enaghdoen or Enackdoen, consecrated the restored church of Sela, or Upper Beeding, in Sussex. The see was subsequently absorbed into the diocese of Tuam. J. R. B. Enachdune, now Aunaghdown, and part of the diocese of Tuam, to which it was united temp. Elizabeth. See Archdeacon Cotton's Fast. Eccl. THE THOMAS WENTWORTH (5th S. ii. 149) of Bretton Hall, inquired after by F. N. L., must have been Sir Thomas Wentworth, baronet, son of Sir William Wentworth, baronet, by his wife Diana, daughter of Sir William Blackett, of Wallington, co. Northumberland, baronet. Sir Thomas Wentworth died unmarried at Bretton Hall on the 9th July, 1792. See Hunter's South Yorkshire, vol. ii. p. 244. K. P. D. Ε. "THE BIRD'S NEST" (5th S. ii, 167.) The passage to which MR. G. WOTHERSPOON desires a clue will be found in Hurdis's Village Curate, p. 43. It runs as follows : "But most of all it wins my admiration, 1 Hurdis, as a poet, is almost forgotten. These days of sensationalism on the one hand, and metaphysical obscurity on the other, are not favourable to the calm quiet descriptions of rural scenery and country life which form the staple of his works. Yet there is much of true poetical inspiration in his productions. Those who delight in the works of Nature in their varied aspects, of the changing seasons of the year and the daily vicissitudes of the sky and the earth, with the numberless associations connecting them with human life, will find a rich storehouse of beauty in The Favourite Village and The Village Curate. James Hurdis was born in 1763, and graduated at St. Mary Magdalen, Oxford. He was tutor to George Pelham, son of the Earl of Chichester, afterwards Bishop of Bristol. In 1791, through the interest of the Chichester family, he was appointed to the living of Bishopstone, in Sussex. In 1793, he was elected Professor of Poetry in the University of Oxford. He died in December, 1801, at the age of thirty-eight. His Village Curate was published in 1788, and met with a very favourable reception, having passed through four editions within a few years. The Favourite Village was printed at his own private press in 1800. He was also the author of Sir Thomas More, a Tragedy, and several prose works. His poetical works were issued in a collected form in 1810, forming two volumes, edited by the author's sisters. In the correspondence of the poet Cowper, numerous letters will be found addressed to Hurdis, who was on the most friendly terms with the recluse of Olney. Sandyknowe, Wavertree. J. A. PICTON. "WHY" AS AN EXPLETIVE (5th S. i. 386.) - The habit of employing expletive phrases, apparently ye, with a view of arresting or fixing the attention of a hearer, is very common in all parts of the country; e. g., many persons prefix such a phrase as "look ," "mind ye," and so on; while others adopt another form, and place at the end of the sentence some expressions of analogous import, such as "d'y' see?" or "d' y' hear?" In some of the northern parts of Ireland it may be observed that when two persons are engaged in earnest conversa tion, perhaps in vehement altercation, almost every phrase is rounded off with a final "dear!" while in the extreme south the term "why" is similarly employed. Now the suggestive note of S. T. P. on the use of this latter expletive induces me to propose a pair of queries. May not the northern expression (which does not always sound like a term of endearment) be simply a rapid colloquial contraction of "do you hear?" and may we not seek for an explanation of the southern "why" by tracing it to a very slightly corrupted form of the old word "oyez," a term still preserved in some law forms? Εμβί. Dublin. LETTERS BY "AN ENGLISHMAN" (5th S. i. 408.) -I believe the name of the author of these letters has never been publicly divulged. The editor of the Times acknowledged that the letters were inserted, contrary to their usual custom, without the name and address of the author being known. The excuse for departing from this rule was because the letters displayed such unusual power and ability. They were afterwards published in a separate form by Mr. H. G. Bohn. UMBRA. CLACHNACUDDEN (5th S. ii. 149.)-This is a large stone near a well whereon persons going for water rest their water-stoups. The stoup is a bucket or pitcher, made of staves, two of which are longer than the others; through the top of these a wooden pin passes, and answers for a handle. The bottom is larger than the top. Clach (stone) na (of the) cudainn (water-stoup). THOMAS STRATTON. "At the door of the Town Hall (Inverness) is a blue lozenge-shaped stone, called Clach-na-Cudden, or 'stone of the tubs, from its having served as a resting-place for the women carrying water from the river. This is the palladium of the town, and has been carefully preserved since the time of Donald of the Isles, in 1410." - Black's Picturesque Guide to Scotland, 17th ed., 1865, p. 502. J. MANUEL. The Stat. Ac. Scot. renders Clach-na-cudden "stone of the tubs" (cutainn, a tub?). Gray's Inn. R. S. CHARNOCK. "RELATION OF ENGLAND" (5th S. ii. 104.) Leonard Mascall is said to have introduced carp, and placed them in the moat surrounding his man sion, Plumpton Place, which still retains its moat and its carp, Lower says in a note : "This, however, may well be doubted, as Dame Juliana Berners mentions the fish in her Boke of St. Alban's, in the previous century. She describes it as a 'daynteous fysshe, but there ben but few in Englonde, and, therefore, I wryte the lesse of hym.'"-History of Sussex, vol. ii. p. 101. The Boke was published in 1496, and the date assigned for the introduction of carp is circa 1525. Haydn's Dictionary of Dates, sub voce. Turkeys are said to have first been brought into England temp. Henry VIII., who forbade brewers to use hops or sulphur in brewing beer. Cæsar's statement is supported by modern authorities : "When the actual curvature of the coast is traced, and the opposite sides of its estuaries are included, the perimeter is found to be not less than 2,000 miles."Blackie's Imperial Gazetteer, 1855. "Including the principal indentations, the coast-line measures, at least, 2,000 miles."-P. 34, Text-Book of Geography, by James Douglas, Ph.D., 1873. "The coast-line of Great Britain is longer than that of any other country of equal area, being about one mile of coast to twenty square miles of surface." - Irving's Catechism of General Geography, 12th ed. This latter gives the area as 58,000 square miles; Meaby, at 57,000; Stewart, 58,320; but Blackie states "the true area is now understood to be 57,812 square miles." Julius Cæsar would appear to have given us the minimum, while Bede gave the maximum "in round figures." JNO. A. FOWLER. SHAKSPEARE'S BUST AT STRATFORD (5th S. ii. 161.) - MR. C. A. WARD writes at this reference: "Has it ever been stated, surmised, or suggested, how it came about that Jansen, one of the first artists of his time, was ever employed upon the mortuary bust of the ex-manager of the Globe,' who had settled down, for some years previously, into a Warwickshire farmer?" I answer, unhesitatingly, it has not. Nor is it at all wonderful that no one has ever started or pursued that inquiry; for assuredly no Jansen had anything to do with the bust. Mr. Hain Friswell (Life Portraits of Shakespeare, 1864, pp. 9-10) says: "The name of the sculptor of the Stratford bust is Gerard Johnson. We learn the name,' says Charles Knight, from Dugdale's Correspondence, published by Mr. Hamper in 1827. Of him we know nothing but the fact recorded, and that he carved also the recumbent figure of John Combe, a heavy, stiff, and graceless block," &c. For "nothing," however, we should perhaps read little; and that little proves that Johnson "GOD BLESS THE MARK" (5th S. ii. 169.) - Is not the phrase equivalent to "God forgive me"? Roquefort gives, "Marque=Lettres de représailles. Marquer = User de représailles." In the fragment of Alisaunder (E.E.T.S.), the verb merken seems used in this sense ("too merken hem care," 1. 284 ; "too mark be teene," 1. 497), though, perhaps, the meaning of mark there goes no further than "to stamp, to brand." There is a quibble in The Two Gentlemen of Verona passage (iv. 4, 18). The phrase is used mostly when a comparison is made. Thus, in the Othello passage (i. 1, 33)— "He, in good time, must his lieutenant be, And I (God bless the mark!) his Moor-ship's ancient." Steevens, in the Variorum of 1821, says on this passage, "Kelly, in his comments on Scots proverbs, observes that the Scots, when they compare person to person, use this exclamation." He goes on to quote from Churchyard: "Not beauty here I claime by this my talke, For browne and blacke I was, God blesse the marke!" in which passage the comparison is between beauty "So like a waiting gentlewoman, Last of white herrings, 12 barrels. Law Dictionary, 1835. At Great Yarmouth (co. Norfolk), by the 19th Edward III., a last of herrings imported was to pay a murage rate of twopence; exported, to pay fourpence. [A murage rate was a rate for seacoast walls, or beach rate.] By 31st Edward III. no last of herrings to be bought at a higher price than 40s. C. GOLDING. Paddington. ISABEL AND ELIZABETH (5th S. ii. 166.) — The following are from the Haddington registers : 1. Robert Baillie. Isobell Hamilton a son Robert borne 20th March bap. 11th Apryle 1671. 2. Robert Bailzie. Elizabeth Hamilton a s. William born 3rd bap. 24th October 1681. 3. Robert David. Issobell Baillie, two Daughters Elizabeth and Issobell borne 20th bap. 29th January 1738. 1 and 2 exhibit an acknowledged interchange of Baillie and Bailzie, but a doubtful interchange of Isobell and Elizabeth; because 3 shows that there was an understood distinction between Elizabeth and Issobell, the latter name being variously spelt, as Issabell, Isabell, Issobell, &c. J. BEALE. BUDDHA (5th S. ii. 165.) -Buddha is said to be from the Sanskrit buddha, wise, sage, from buddh, to know. MR. DILKE says that budit means to wake in Russian and Bohemian. Now the English word bud is from the Bohemian word bod, a prick or goad (see Wedgwood). Our word bodkin originally meant a pricking instrument; "when he himself might his quietus make with a bare bodkin" Oaths and exclamations are difficult things to proves it. The French poindre du jour (Wedg analyze and explain. JOHN ADDIS. Meas (Gaelic), a measure. Last of herrings, 14 barrels. - Sewell's Dutch Dictionary, Last. By 31st Edward I. a last of herrings was to contain 10,000, at sixscore to the hundred.-Prom. Pr. wood) is first bursting, piercing, or germ of day. Brachet says that the French bouter is from bôzen, German for pousser. "Bouton ce qui pousse, ce qui boute aux plantes." So that in this we get at the primary idea of Buddha, as the germinator, not the awakener from sleep, but the budder into life. The engrafter, or in-pricker, from whose incision the bud of all life springs out, and not life only, but wisdom, which is little else than spiritual awakenment. This shows that Sanskrit itself is young compared with the tri-literal roots that still live in English. From what I have said those who have studied the Phallic emblems will now fully understand the physical meaning of Buddha. Mayfair. C. A. WARD. "OLD LONDON FORTIFICATIONS" (5th S. i. 188.) -If CORNUB. will refer to "N. & Q.," 1st S. ix., he will find that the drawings in question, which were said to have been executed by a "Captain John Eyre of Cromwell's own regiment," were then (1854) reported to be in the possession of the corporation of London; and I have heard it stated "DIPHTHONG," &c. (5th S. ii. 186.) -I wholly demur to the statement of T. H. P., that English people generally pronounce the ph in these words as if it was p. I conceive it is mere slipslop, seldom done by educated persons. LYTTELTON. MRS. SERRES (5th S. ii. 141, 177.)-The name of Robert Cole, Esq., F.S.A., may not be unknown to MR. THOMS, and it is in a catalogue of his once valuable collection of autographs and manuscripts I find mentioned other works by Mrs. Serres in addition to those noticed by MR. THOMS. They are as follows: The Princess of Cumberland; Statement to the English Nation. Signed Olive, 1822. The Royal Chaplain. Manuscript, octavo, 295 pages. History of Don Pedro Tolenger, of Valladolid, quarto, 445 pages, in the Autograph of the Princess. The Footman, a folio manuscript, 132 pages. My father's collection contained a number of most interesting letters and documents connected with the case, but these are the only books I can find which would be any help to MR. THOMS. Teignmouth. EMILY COLE. WILLIAM MUDFORD (5th S. ii. 160.) -Mr. Mudford died March 10, 1848. In 1849 he is described as "the late William Mudford, Esq.," on the title-page of his Tales and Trifles, from Blackwood's and other Popular Magazines. F. R. S. says he is the author of The Five Knights of St. Albans; should it not be "The Five Nights"? SPARKS HENDERSON WILLIAMS. [In the Cat. of the Edin. Phil. Inst. Lib. (1857) both readings are given.] ARBITRARY OR CONVENTIONAL WORD-FORMATION (4th S. vii. 533; xi. 461.)-An excellent example of this highly irregular and almost ignored mode of word-formation is presented to us in the Germ. Fidibus, the ordinary equivalent of our word spill. Mahn, in his Untersuchungen, s.v. "Pedante" (p. 105), tells us that Fidibus is made up out of fidelibus fratribus, eleven letters in the middle being dropped. In Larchey's Dict. de l'Argot Parisien (Paris, 1872) a somewhat different account is given. He says that in the German Universities the official admonitions to students begin with the words, "Fidibus (pour fidelibus) discipulis universitatis," &c., and that the students being in the habit, by way of bravado, of lighting their pipes with the paper on which these notices are written or printed, any piece of paper used for lighting a pipe came to be called a fidibus. M. Larchey is, however, a less trustworthy authority, especially in reference to a German word, than Mahn. Littré does not give the word. See also Larchey (op. cit.), s.v. "Rama," where he quotes a passage from Balzac in which Santé-rama is used = santé, the rama being derived from diorama, and having come into vogue (in the first instance in artists' studios) at a time when dioramas were a novelty. In a similar way Larchey tells us that mar (q. v.), which he regards as the anagram of rama, was, about the year 1840, frequently added to the end of words, complete or truncated. Thus cafemar was used for café, boulangemar for boulanger, épicemar for épicier; and he quotes an example from a book. These compounds differ from fidibus, however, in that they do not seem to have taken root, whilst fidibus is a recognized dictionary word; but they are valuable as showing the tendency of the human mind to form such words. I do not, of course, include the cases in which, as in the French oui from hoc illud (hoc ill, ho ill, o il, oil, oë, oui), two words which were used together have regularly coalesced. F. CHANCE. Sydenham Hill. ELIZABETH CANNING (5th S. ii. 27, 75, 117.) — Since writing my former note, I have read Mr. Paget's entertaining and suggestive essay. Mr. Paget is clear and lucid in his account of a somewhat complicated case. But will he forgive me for saying that he appears somewhat biassed in Canning's favour, and that he unaccountably overlooks some of the strongest grounds for disbelieving her story? To give only one instance, Mr. Paget says more than once (Puzzles and Paradoxes, pp. 321, 336) that Canning's story was not, on the face of it, so improbable as to be incredible; that it is almost impossible to say to which side the balance of evidence inclines, &c. (sed cf., p. 333). But he lays no stress upon the extraordinary physiological difficulty, that, according to her story, Canning lived for twenty-eight days on a quartern loaf, a mince pie, and a pitcher of water! Putting aside all the other improbabilities of the tale, surely this may be pronounced " so improbable as to be incredible." Bradford. MIDDLE TEMPLAR. |