tive is conjoined to a finite verb, contrary to a 66 66 = "SINOPLE" (5th S. ii. 88, 155.) Du Cange says:-" Sinopis, color viridis. Galli in tesseris armariis vocant Sinople. Green color, which the French, in heraldry, call Sinople." Chambers does not say it "ought to mean red," but only that 'Pliny and Isidore, by color prasinus, or sinople, mean a brownish red, such as that of our ruddle," having said for himself just before, "Sinople, or Senople, in heraldry, denotes vert, or the green colour in armories." Coates says (Dictionary of Heraldry) "Sinople is the word used by the French Heralds for green, which we call vert." It was called Sinople, he tells us, "from a town in the Levant where the best materials for dying green are found." EDMUND TEW, M.A. " "PRIVATE HISTORY OF THE COURT OF ENGLAND (5th S. ii. 208.)-It would certainly be interesting to know the author of the work, but still more so to have a key to its assumed names. Many personages mentioned, such as Mrs. Fitzherbert, Mrs. Robinson (Perdita), &c., are easily recognizable, but there are others of less note, for the discovery of whom a key would be very useful. Perhaps P. H. will furnish us with this. H. S. A. "AROINT" (5th S. i. 163; ii. 134.)-The difficulties besetting this Shakspearian word are not likely to be lessened by persistence in mistake. I fancied I had said enough at the first reference to save the arougt of Hearne's print from being misread arongt; yet we have now DR. CHARNOCK Coolly asserting that " we have also arongt." We certainly have that word in a mislection of the trumpeter's cry in Hearne's print, but nowhere else. CHARNOCK also remarks that we find roint thee and araunte thee." Where do we find the latter word? I have seen it only in a spurious (and, I think, misprinted) extract from a non-existing book, which was relied upon by the Rev. Joseph Hunter, in his Illustrations, but has been universally branded as a spurious quotation. DR. Meanwhile, we have aroint, as a verb active, in some northern dialect. Here are two modern examples of its use : "Whiskered cats arointed flee." Mrs. Browning. "What wonder that the vermin fled arointed." From The Animal World, vol. v., No. 53, p. 23. I have no doubt the word arougt in Hearne's print meant get out; and, if so, it is almost the same word as the Lancashire areawt. JABEZ. Athenæum Club. "KNAVE" (5th S. ii. 31, 155.)-Having some knowledge of vernacular Irish, but none of philoSPELLING REFORMS (5th S. i. 421, 471, 511;logy, my ear is often caught by English and other ii. 29, 231.)—I quite agree with MR. MORTIMER Words which invite inquiry. COLLINS (p. 231) on the desirability of introducing with the Irish knab're, a lad, a boy; in dictionary I identify knave a character to represent the Greek th, and I think Irish, a jester, a scoffer; and should like to know this might be done without disturbing our pre- which is the older word, knave or knab're. The judices at all. If th, as it is in thick, thing, &c., "festive board," which the lad or boy serves, is no retained the present form, and the Greek th, as less suggestive. Irish bordh, a table; bordán, a in theology, had a line through it, we should tablet or small table. Which is the root, if either? have a very useful distinction. So also something The dais, or raised place of honour, comes in too. might be done, by very simple contrivances, to In Irish dais, a pile or heap; deas (the e almost mark the most strongly pronounced differences of inaudible), neat, proper, decent; deàsiim, to settle, the vowels; but all this belongs to that class of to arrange, to adorn; deasaim, to stay (settle down), minutia which may be deferred till something to remain. Which is the root, if one or other is? like uniformity of spelling has been agreed upon. I should feel much obliged for a clue. In regard to dance and florist, if the change I propose affected these two words alone, I cannot conceive of any suggestion more frivolous and unworthy; but the real question is this-is it not most desirable to reduce to uniformity all words belonging to one and the same group, and not IGNORAMUS. GEORGE COLMAN (5th S. i. 487; ii. 131.)-The Reckoning with Time is so much in the manner of Hood, that I think (if it be not by him) it must. have suggested some of his punning verses (see the "My hat and wig will soon be here They are upon the road!" I shall be indebted to any correspondent who can Bradford. I have a charter in my possession, temp. Henry But in Praed's Red Fisherman we have some- III., in which field is spelt "veld"; but I think a thing that beats Cowper : "The startled Priest struck both his thighs, And the Abbey clock struck One!" N. slight study of the fac-simile of Doomsday and the Ordnance maps will confirm the generally received opinion that field is from the verb feld. If Dr. Ogilvie is right, the well-known Danish settlements [Our correspondent's last example may be capped by on the coast, and all the country north of Watling Hood's lines: "They went and told the sexton, and The sexton toll'd the bell."] "GUESSES AT TRUTH" (5th S. ii. 89, 155.)-MR. WARREN is in error in assigning the articles signed U. to Augustus Hare. In Mr. Plumtre's "Memoir," prefixed to the "Golden Treasury" edition, it is said (p. xxv): Street, ought to be literally "covered" with "fields"; but such is not the case any more than in other parts of the kingdom. The place-names attributed to a similar origin, viz., land cleared of containing Stok, Stock, and Stoke are usually timber with the exception of the stem and roots. Hatton, Haddon, and the like, are also considered corruptions or contractions of A.S. Hath-tun Heath-Town. By reference to the Ordnance "In the first edition, the Guesses contributed by Au- map it will at once appear that the element gustus were considered by Julius as the main substance"field" in a place-name never occurs in large of the book, and were, therefore, left without any special sign of authorship. Those which he himself contributed were indicated by the initial U. Those by his brothers Francis and Marcus are indicated by R. and A. respectively." The second letters of their names. E. V. Augustus Hare's contributions have no signature at all. Those which are signed U. are by Julius Hare. The plan followed with the signatures was to give the second letter of the name of the writer. The Guesses by Francis and Marcus Hare are signed R. and A. respectively; and those by Maria Hare are signed a. J. W. W. = primeval water-meadows on a river bank, but absence of the i in "ffeld.” = PRINCES OF THE BLOOD ROYAL (4th S. x. 453; 5th S. i. 467, 516; ii. 37, 77.)-I am very much obliged to MR. GOMME for his kind reference to MR. WICKHAM'S instructive note, but my query remains unanswered. MR. WICKHAM does not say that the Duke of Cambridge takes precedence by "special act." On the contrary, he says that he has the style of "Royal Highness" by 66 especial favour of the king," and now (as it would seem) by force of the Letters Patent of 1864. I again ask how any patent can over-ride A "TRACT" (5th S. i. 355.)-Many thanks to the express provisions of 31 Hen. VIII., c. 10. IH. A. S. for his information about David's Teares. suspect, however, that the Duke's precedence is "Tract" is surely but a contraction of tractasettled by some private Act of Parliament; and tion," a handling or drawing out of a subject. I Castle Bromwich. C. CHATTOCK, F.R.H.S. find in Richardson the quotation, "I would not seeme, in my tractation of antiquities, to trouble my reader with," &c. (Holinshed, Description of Britaine). Doubtless in modern use it is restricted to a small pamphlet, but there seems no reason, from its etymology, why it should. Frontispiece stands on much the same ground. It is ordinarily restricted now-a-days to the print opposite the title-page; but being derived from frontispice, "the front of a house," the present use is arbitrary enough. PELAGIUS. "PUT TO BUCK" (5th S. i. 228, 293; ii. 76, 138.) -I think E. V. has "gone a long way back for a very unsatisfactory solution" of this term. "Put to book" was the description given to the process of swearing in" witnesses by a grand-juryman, a yeoman, and uncle of mine, born about a century ago. The saying was very common in this locality quite recently, as also "I swear it on my book oath." C. CHATTOCK, F.R.H.S. Castle Bromwich. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Roman Imperial Profiles; being a Series of more than One Hundred and Sixty Lithographic Profiles, Enlarged from Coins. Arranged by John Edward Lee, F.G.S., Author of Isca Silurum, and Translator of Keller's Lake Dwellings. (Longmans & Co.) 66 A COLLECTION of ancient coins is one of the objects many worthy people long to accomplish; but, non cuivis contingit"; and it often remains an object-unaccomplished. But here is Mr. Lee, to whom the public with a taste for ancient learning, manners, &c., is already largely indebted, presenting us with such a collection, or, at all events, with the next best thing to it, the lithographic presentment of a hundred and sixty Roman imperial profiles. The book is more than useful and interesting, it is also in a high degree amusing. They who study character in feature and expression have here a fine field, and never-ending cause for astonishment, so often does the portrait belie the popular idea of the individual. This volume, moreover, will, as Mr. Lee anticipates, be found very useful by "coin collectors," especially those who are beginning to study numismatics. The drawings have been exactly made from coins by Mr. Croft, of Torquay, and the correctness of the likenesses has been recognized by experienced numismatists. Brief notes of the lives of the Emperors and Empresses add very much to the value of this most acceptable volume. Many an hour of delight will be enjoyed during the coming long evenings in turning over these pages. In them, the first of the Cæsars looks unmistakably a man with a purpose. The last of them, Romulus Augustulus,-no doubt a rather conventional portrait,-has the "cut" of an Italian tenor singing the mournful finale to a long and sad opera, and he has the air of a man who is being hissed by his audience. Pompey the Great!-"Oh, how unlike my Beverley !"-is a snub-nosed, vulgar, unheroic person, resembling the popular idea of a small tradesman who has cleaned himself and brushed back his hair, to take the chair at some parish meeting. Brutus has so little the aspect of a patriot that we should take him for a sharp, plausible, unscrupulous member of the modern profession of "Promoters." Some of the heads are, of course, supremely grand, little short of god-like; but when the imperial heroes begin to wear whiskers, the majesty goes out of them; they remind us of amateur actors out of tune and time with their subjects. Valerianus might be a rich railway director at a modern fancy ball. The illustrious women are, for the most part, natural, lovable, human creatures. Cleopatra, indeed, has a strong woman's-rights air in her face, yet is not an unhandsome virago. Agrippina is a lady, in spite of her sayings and doings. She is as tender and womanly as Livia, Julia, Antonia, and Orbiana. Octavia has a rather cold, fashionable, "Vere de Vere" expression. Tranquillina must have been a Roman blue-stocking, and she strikes us as about to make a cutting reply to a speech then in course of delivery at some Roman School Board. There is something, however, especially attractive about all these ladies. They show that there is a beauty for every age. There is an exquisite charm in their simplicity. The arrangement of the hair must have been a delight to the sculptor or engraver, and a contemplation thereof may be wholesome to more modern ladies, to whom the graceful, cleanly fashion of the ladies of the Roman world has been hitherto unknown. Memorials of Manchester Streets. By Richard "There's a grim one-horse hearse in a jolly round trot. He's only a pauper whom nobody owns." We heartily congratulate Mr. Procter or this choice contribution to Manchester history. The Clan Battle at Perth in 1896; an Episode of Highland History; with an Inquiry into its Causes, and an Attempt to Identify the Clans Engaged in It. By Alexander Mackintosh Shaw. (For Private Circulation.) THE bulk of the matter contained in this small pamphlet forms a chapter of a larger work, The History of the House and Clan of Mackintosh and of the Clan Chattan, which the writer has in hand. Readers will remember the recent controversy on the subject in our columns between DR. MACPHERSON and MR. SHAW. A Visit to Archbishop Loos and the Old Catholic Church of Holland. By T. M. Fallow, M.A., St. John's College, Cambridge. (Edinburgh, J. & J. Gray.) In view of the recent conference at Bonn, this paper cannot fail to be interesting. It is a reprint, with some slight modifications, from the Scottish Guardian. It will not be forgotten that we were able to give, in our last volume (p. 182), a table of the succession of the Dutch (Jansenist) Church from 1724 to 1873. PALEOLOGUS.-S. writes as follows:-" The recent death, at Turin, of Prince John Anthony Lascaris Palæologus,' has called forth so many leaders in the daily press, that one is led to the conclusion that the Prince was a personage of more importance than might have been supposed, considering all that had previously been said of the name in periodical publications. The deceased gentleman was an illegitimate son of a member of the House of Ducas, and, prior to his adoption of the name of Palæologus, was known as Prince Lascaris. The writers referred to do not seem to be aware of the fact, that his sole heiress was no other than Maria Maillet, a young lady whom he adopted as his daughter (Feb. 11, 1869), and who has been hitherto known as the Princess Lascaris." SHAKSPEARE AND MILTON.-Mr. J. O. Halliwell promises us his reasons for believing that Shakspeare MSS. may be concealed in an ancient house belonging to Lord Overstone. We are the more encouraged to hope that this may prove a fact, as one of Milton's commonplace books has just been discovered in the house of Sir Frederick Graham, at Netherby. It contains letters to Milton, entries by Milton, in 63 pages, and extracts which appear to have been made for Milton. Notices to Correspondents. JUN. WAR.-Sir Christopher Wren was chosen Grand Master of the Freemasons, 1698. In 1716 four London lodges united at "The Apple Tree," Charles Street, Covent Garden (absurdly changed to Wellington Street), made complaint of Sir Christopher's neglect of the craft (he was then eighty-three), and elected a Grand Master for the time. Their choice definitively fell on the Duke of Montague. E. A. D., referring to "Dominicals" (5th S. ii. 228), aptly reminds all who are interested in the subject, that "An account of the probable origin of the customary payment called Dominicals' will be found in the article I have met with no statement in any author to 1st Series of N. & Q.,' vol. iii. p. 25. Since writing that induce me to alter my opinion therein expressed." MR. SPARKS HENDERSON WILLIAMS writes: "Barham, and not Thackeray, wrote the lines misquoted by MR. KENNEDY (p. 234). If he turns to Nell Cook, Mr. John Ingoldsby's legend of the "Dark Entry" at Canterbury, he will see that "The Sacristan, he says no word that indicates a doubt, But he puts his thumb unto his nose, and spreads his fingers out!" MR. G. C. LONGLEY, Maitland, Ontario, Canada, asks "where, and at what price, books relating to France, Spain, and Germany, similar to Burke's British Peerage, can be obtained." A. G. P. asks for particulars of any essays written for or against the opinions expressed in Lord Macaulay's History of England; and, also, of any book (modern) written on the Abbeys and Castles of Scotland. F. E.-(5th S. i. 356) PELAGIUS refers you to the Heliotype Company's Office, 221, Regent Street, for fac-similes of Dürer's etchings. X. S.-Here is a proof that "Rev." was applied to judges. The New Natura Brevium of the Most Reverend Judge, Mr. Anthony Fitzherbert, sixth edition, 1718. Also "the Rev. the Privy Council" occurred, temp. Elizabeth. M. T.-Xavier de Maistre's works have been trans lated into English. Any good biographical dictionary may be consulted for his life. He died in 1852, in his eighty-eighth year. " **"In infancy our hopes and fears" is an air in Artaxerxes, by Dr. Arne. "Water parted from the sea' is from the same opera. Words and music by Arne. A. A.-Will you be good enough to add to your contribution the name of the source from which it is taken? W. D. S. asks for particulars, with publishers' names, of the best works on Cryptography. GLASGOW inquires when Rome was first lighted with gas. PRINCE. "Vinegar Bible." See ante, p. 240. C. D.-The Suffolk epitaph has been often printed. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, L'ESTRANGE'S (Hamon) History of the Reign of King Charles I. 1655 London, W.C. or 1656. MILL'S (W. H.) Christian's Advocate Publications, 1841-3. SOUTH's Opera Posthuma. Ed. Curll., 1717. Wanted by J. E. Baily, Stretford, Manchester. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. To all communications should be affixed the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1874. CONTENTS.-N° 41. - Shak NOTES:-Redgrave's "Dictionary of Artists," 281 Scotch Baronetcy-An Old Bookseller-Geometrical Reform -Chancels Placed Westward "The Poet": Tennyson Immunity from Death, 283-Serres, the Marine Painter, his Memoirs-The Capital of Kent, 289. REPLIES:-Modern Latin and Greek Verse, 289-"Sconce,' 290-The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street-Ancient English Sees-Two Churches in One Churchyard, 291-The Equestrian Statue in Leicester Square, 292-Irish Executions-Fletcher, Bishop of Worcester -Sir Edward Hungerford-Justices' Wages-Dominicals, 293-Villers, Villiers-Gipsy Native Names-Gipsy Christian Names-Double Christian Names, 294-Is a Change of Christian Name Possible? 295" Hic liber est," &c.-"Like to the damask rose you see"-Rahel: Editions of the "Breeches " Bible-Cerevisia, 296-Unsettled Baronetcies-A Jew's Will: Prayers for the Dead, 297Music to "Macbeth"-Lunar Rainbows-Corpses Entombed Mrs. Serres, 298 "Taking a Sight"-Bull in Walls Baiting, 299. Notes on Books, &c. Nates. REDGRAVE'S "DICTIONARY OF ARTISTS." JAMES SAYERS, THE CARICATURIST. Sayers is probably much better known as a caricaturist (that, in fact, which gives him a place in Mr. Redgrave's Dictionary) than as an attorneyat-law, or as Receiver of the Sixpenny Writ Duties, and Marshal of the Marshalsea of the Court of Exchequer, in the Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer's Office. These offices have long since been swept away, I believe, and the lawyers have scarcely recovered the exhilarating effects of a year's grace before the ancient name of "attorney" is also abolished. an Sayers is known now for his works as amateur, that is, his caricatures. To his contemporaries he seems to have been unknown, for we find his name spelled in different ways, and his works attributed to others, as I shall show. His satirical poems were all published anonymously, though he generally signed the caricatures that accompanied them with his initials. It is remarkable that the anonymity should have been so effectual as to have eluded the lynx eyes of the authors of the Biographical Dictionary of Living Authors, 1816, who appear to have known most of the literary secrets of their day. They attribute James Sayers's works to "Edward Sayer," a barrister. We are told that Sayers continued his political caricatures until his death, which took place (Mr. Redgrave informs us) in 1823, and he was buried in the vaults of St. Andrew's Church, Holborn. No record of the event is to be found in the Gentleman's Magazine. Mr. Redgrave says, "His father having left him a small fortune, he did not continue to practise in the profession of an attorney"; but he quotes no authority for this statement. I do not dispute but that it may be roughly correct, though, at the same time, if he did not actually practise as an attorney, he held professional posts, to his death, which brought him in a considerable income (?), and rendered a private income not, at least, a matter of necessity. Sayers was of a Yarmouth family, and I find, from the Law Lists, that a James Sayers practised there as an attorney as early as 1779, and continued to the year 1825, when his name disappears. In 1821, he took Christopher Sayers into partnership. I suppose this James Sayers to have been a brother of James Sayers the caricaturist, as the latter is, in the Law List, amongst the London attorneys from the year 1780 to the year 1802, with the exception of the years 1785, 1787, and 1789,* an omission the following quotation will explain. It is rather long, but I think it is fully justified by its interesting character, and its being from a book seldom met with now, namely, the Records of My Life, by John Taylor, author of Monsieur Tonson, 1832, vol. i., pp. 42 and 190: "My old friend, Mr. James Sayers, well known for his literary talents as a caricaturist, made a ludicrous drawing of Miss Farren in the heroine, and published a print of it etched by himself. He also made a drawing of Mrs. herself by performing on one of her benefit nights. Mr. Abington, in the character of Scrub, which she degraded Sayers was so well known, and so much admired, for his knowledge and talents, that I must pay a short tribute to his memory. He was an attorney, and in partnership with another in Gray's Inn, but his partner was so fond self in his favourite diversion, and Mr. Sayers deemed it of angling that he neglected all business to indulge himproper to dissolve the connexion. Mr. Sayers was remarkable for a saturnine humour, aud for his fertility and promptitude in sarcastic verses, as well as for his skill in caricature drawings, which he engraved himself, and they constitute a very large collection. He was a very shrewd man, a warm politician, and a zealous Pittite. His most popular print was published at the time when Mr. Fox brought forward his memorable East India Bill, after his coalition with Lord North, which destroyed the reputation of both for political integrity. represented Mr. Fox as Carlo Khan astride an elephant, This print, which displayed great ingenuity and humour, the face of which had the features of Lord North, riding in Leadenhall Street, near the East India House. Mr. Sayers published many other works on political subjects, and all in favour of the Pitt administration. He was an *No Law Lists (then a private speculation) were published for the years 1786 and 1788. |