On the Economy of Machinery and ManufacturesJ. Murray, 1846 - 408 pagina's |
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Overige edities - Alles bekijken
Veelvoorkomende woorden en zinsdelen
Adam Smith advantage Alpnach amongst applied arising art of copying attention axis bar iron brass cajeput oil capital cause CHAP clock coin combination considerable contrivance copper copper-plate cost cylinder difficulty diminished division of labour economy effect employed engine engraving executed exertion expense factory flax force forceps fulminating silver furnace glass greater hand heat holes Holyhead House of Commons hundred important impression improved inches inclined plane increased instance iron lathe machine machinery mandril manufacture mechanical ment metal method mode mould moveable types necessary needles net acting operations paper passing pattern perhaps persons Picul piece pins placed plates portion pounds principle printed produced profit punch purchase quantity reduced render rollers sheet skill steam steam-engine steel stone substance supply surface surface-printing tion trade usually velocity vessel weight wheels whilst wire workmen wrought iron
Populaire passages
Pagina 173 - This great increase of the quantity of work which, in consequence of the division of labour, the same number of people are capable of performing, is owing to three different circumstances; first, to the increase of dexterity in every particular workman; secondly, to the saving of the time which is commonly lost in passing from one species of work to another ; and lastly, to the invention of a great number of machines which facilitate and abridge labour, and enable one man to do the work of many.
Pagina 169 - When the human hand or the human head has been for some time occupied in any kind of work, it cannot instantly change its employment with full effect The muscles of the limbs employed have acquired a flexibility during their exertion, and those to be put into action a stiffness during rest, which renders every change slow and unequal in the commencement.
Pagina iii - I was insensibly led to apply to them those principles of generalization to which my other pursuits had naturally given rise.
Pagina 13 - ... very small space from each other, and each in its turn is pushed lengthwise to the right or to the left, according to the direction of the point.
Pagina 251 - I shall now present the outline of a system which appears to me to be pregnant with the most important results, both to the class of workmen and to the country at large; and which, if acted upon, would, in my opinion, permanently raise the working classes, and greatly extend the manufacturing system. The general principles on which the proposed system is founded, are — i St.
Pagina 248 - A most erroneous and unfortunate opinion," he commences, "provails among workmen in many manufacturing countries, that their own interests and that of their employers are at variance. The consequences are, that valuable machinery is sometimes neglected and even privately injured — that new improvements, introduced by the masters, do not receive a fair trial — and that the talents and observations of the workmen are not directed to the improvement of the processes in which they are employed. ....
Pagina 210 - When (from the peculiar nature of the produce of each manufactory) the number of processes into which it is most advantageous to divide it is ascertained, as well as the number of individuals to be employed, then all other manufactories which do not employ a direct multiple of this number, will produce the article at a greater cost.
Pagina 109 - ... caterpillars are placed at the bottom. A peculiar species is chosen, which spins a strong web; and the animals commence at the bottom, eating and spinning their way up to the top, carefully avoiding every part touched by the oil, but devouring every other part of the paste.
Pagina 279 - Lachez was repeated as before, and a new tree was launched in a similar manner. By these means a tree descended every five or six minutes, provided no accident happened to the slide, which sometimes took place, but which was instantly repaired when it did. In order to show the enormous force which the trees acquired from the great velocity of their descent, M.
Pagina 13 - Another process in the art of making needles furnishes an example of one of the simplest contrivances which can come under the denomination of a tool. After the needles have been arranged in the manner just described, it is necessary to separate them into two parcels, in order that their points may be all in one direction. This is usually done by women and children. The needles are placed...