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was made lieutenant-general in 1715. He distinguished himself in the war of the Spanish succession, serving in the Netherlands at the siege of Mons and the battle of Oudenarde, and in Bavaria at the battle of Hochstädt, or Blenheim. He afterwards performed consi

cords of Arpad: the imperial geographer is Constantine, author of the work "De Administrando Imperio," and the narratives which have been formed by the combination differ in very many particulars. There is a national ballad respecting the conquest of Arpad, which has been translated by Dr. Bow-derable service in Spain, for which, on the ring, and is stated by him to be generally supposed to be a composition of the fourteenth century. The line of Arpad continued to occupy the throne of Hungary till the death of King Andrew III., in 1301. (Mailath, Geschichte der Magyaren, i. 1-14; Bowring, Poetry of the Magyars, pp. 2–9; Ersch and Gruber, Allgem. Encyclopädie, v. 397.)

18th of October, 1711, Philip V. wrote him a letter of thanks, conferring on him the Order of the Golden Fleece. He was appointed governor and lieutenant-general of the duchy of Berry 12th of August, 1715. Being a cadet of the ducal family of Arpajon, the marquisate of that name was created for him in 1720. He died the 21st of August, 1736. (Anselme, Hist. Généalogique, v. 899, 900.) J. H. B.

ARPE, PETER FRIEDRICH, a native of Kiel in Holstein, is said to have been born on the 10th of May, 1682. He went to a school at Lüneburg, and afterwards studied at the university of Kiel. The earliest in date of his printed works, “Disputatio juridica de Feriis et Dilationibus," printed at Kiel in 1702, was probably an inaugural thesis on legal holidays and adjournments, maintained by him on his admission to a degree in law. After leaving the university, he visited Copenhagen as tutor to a young man of rank, and while there he pursued his studies at the university, and took advantage of the rich stores of the royal library to collect materials for his vast literary projects. He attended another pupil to BrunswickWolfenbüttel, and afterwards to Holland. In 1719 he received the professorship of public and private law at Kiel; but it appears that he was dismissed from his situation in 1724, either because his restless habits were incompatible with the systematic performance of his duties, or because he could not live in peace with his colleague Harpprecht, who had the ear of the court. In his "Themis Cimbrica," indeed, the only one of his generally known works which has any reference to the science of law, he speaks of the formulist and exact practitioner with a contempt which would augur ill of his capacity to train his pupils as good professional men. After leaving the university, he lived in Hamburg, ostensibly as a legal practitioner, but probably occupied in the more congenial task of mis

T. W. ARPAJON, LOUIS, MARQUIS OF SEVERAC and DUKE OF, a French military commander, the date of whose birth is not known. He was engaged in the wars against the Protestants of France during the reign of Louis XIII., and in 1621 he raised a regiment of infantry, with which he assisted at the siege of Montauban, and contributed to the subjection of Languedoc, and the preservation of Montferrat and Piedmont. He took part in many sieges in Franche Comté, distinguishing himself by the capture of Treves, and of Luneville in the winter season. He was made governor of Lorraine and of Nancy; and when France was engaged in the Thirty Years' war, he had the command of troops protecting the frontiers, while the rest of the army was dispersed in Germany. In 1645, when Malta was threatened with an invasion by the Sultan Ibrahim, Arpajon, at the head of 2000 soldiers, levied among his relations and retainers, sailed to assist in the defence of the island. He received from the grand master the title of Generalissimo of the Armies of Religion, and when the danger was averted by Ibrahim's expedition proceeding in another direction, he received, among other marks of the gratitude of the grand master and the knights, the privilege of blazoning the cross of the order on the family arms, and the perpetual admission as a knight of the order of one son of the house of Arpajon, at the choice of the head of the house for the time being. The admission to the order might be demanded for such a son at the time of his birth; at the age of sixteen he was entitled to be a knight grand cross. In 1648, Arpa-cellaneous research in connection with the jon was sent to Poland with the insignia of numerous historical and philosophical topics the order of the Saint Esprit for the king, which occupied his busy mind. In 1729 he Ladislaus IV., who dying during the em- held the situation of counsellor of legation for bassy, Arpajon seized the opportunity to Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. He must have lost favour the election of Casimir as his succes- this appointment in 1731, and in 1733 he apsor. He received his dukedom in 1650, and pears as counsellor of the chancery of Mechdied in April, 1679. (Anselme, Hist. Gene- lenburg-Schwerin. He died on the 4th of Noalogique, v. 898, 899; Vertot, Hist. des Che-vember, 1740. The "Biographie Univervaliers de Malte, iv. 153, 154.) J. H. B. selle" says he died in 1748, and in the vaARPAJON, LOUIS, MARQUIS OF, grand-rious authorities there are several discrepancies son of Louis Duke of Arpajon, was appointed as to the dates of the respective events in his colonel of the regiment of Chartres in 1695, life. The chronology of Ersch and Gruber obtained the rank of brigadier in 1703, and has been followed in this outline.

In 1711 Arpe published "Decas Epistolarum, quibus Bibliothecæ Scriptorum de Divinatione exhibetur Delineatio. Operis majoris Prodromus." This little book was printed anonymously, but with a lettered device on the title-page, representing the initials and the sound of the author's name, P.F.RP. It was, as the title intimates, only a prospectus of a larger work, to be called "Bibliotheca Fatidica, sive Scriptorum de Divinatione," which seems never to have been published, unless it be the same with the "Theatrum Fati," mentioned below. In the same year he published "Pyrrhonismi Historici," another prospectus of a book, on the uncertainty of the narratives of ancient historians, which never made its appearance. In 1712 he published at Amsterdam a small octavo volume (pp. 101), called "Theatrum Fati, sive Notitia Scriptorum de Providentia, Fortuna, et Fato." The nature of this work is imperfectly indicated by its title. Under the head of fate, the author views the great metaphysical questions connected with liberty and necessity. The book is a series of sketches of the lives of persons whose writings bear on this subject; and as there were few writers on mental philosophy whose works have not some relation to it, these brief sketches cover a wide field. The longest of them is the account of Julius Cæsar Vanini, who, in 1619, had been burned to death at Toulouse on a charge of blasphemy and atheism. It was probably from having thus been led to consider the remarkable circumstances in this man's life, that Arpe was induced in the same year to publish, anonymously, a tract, which brought him much odium, called "Apologia pro Jul. Cæsare Vanino." This work has been sometimes spoken of as a jeu-d'esprit, but it is written in a sober, humane, and religious spirit, and, as the author tells us, in the hope that its unhappy subject may meet with more mercy at the hands of God, who knows his frailties, than he experienced from his erring brother-man. Arpe seems to have had a considerable sympathy with the wayward and irregular temper of Vanini, palliating, but by no means justifying, the extravagancies to which it drove him. His objectionable opinions are described as the mysticisms of a mind overwrought by efforts to reconcile the mysteries of nature. "He opposed reason to reason, nature to nature; from the same wide armoury choosing weapon to oppose to weapon. But there are in nature hieroglyphic letters, hidden ways, a deceptious and a diverging path; and the philosopher brought to the gate, be his diligence in tracing the obscure mazes what they may, may fail in reaching the true divinity." The apologist maintains that some of Vanini's most offensive opinions were published against his consent, and in a crude and unfinished state. He describes the usage which this man received as driving him to madness, and the acts

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for which he was condemned as auguring a state of mind which made him a more suitable subject for the physician than the judge. In 1717 Arpe announced a second edition of this work, with notes, and again, in 1728, he alluded to further materials which he had collected on the subject, but no second edition seems to have been published. In 1717 he published" De Prodigiosis Naturæ et Artis Operibus, Talismanis et Amuletis dictis, cum Recensione Scriptorum hujus Argumenti," in which he announces a work on mysterious combinations of numbers, and the persons who have written on that subject; a promise which, like many others, he never fulfilled. In 1717 he also published "Laicus Veritatis Vindex, sive de Ĵure Laicorum, &c.," a work which, from the accounts given of its contents, appears to have more palpably embodied a strong dislike of the clerical profession and of spiritual domination, of which there are many indications in his apology for Vanini. In 1726 he published "Feriæ Estivales, sive Scriptorum suorum Historia,” a work which the writer of this notice has not had an opportunity of seeing. It is described as giving an account of all his works, printed and manuscript, and as announcing books on the history of symbols, hieroglyphics, secret characters, the works, statues, and pictures connected with phallic worship, &c. causes of antipathy and sympathy, and other branches of mystical inquiry, are also among the subjects to be discussed by him; and he was to publish a supplement to the work of Naudé, on the great men accused of magic. In 1737 Arpe published, at Hamburg, his "Themis Cimbrica, sive de Cimbrorum et vicinarum Gentium antiquissimis Institutis Commentarius," 4to., the only work from which posterity can appreciate the author's ability to fulfil his vast literary promises. This work is written after the manner of Bayle-a meagre outline of text, on the words of which are hung very elaborate notes, in which the author takes occasion to exhibit the results of researches among obscure or uncommon books, many of them having little reference to the immediate subject of consideration. Arpe seems to have been haunted with the desire of founding a reputation similar to that of Bayle, often quoting him, and showing much sympathy with his opinions. The "Themis Cimbrica" is not limited to the subject of legal institutions and practices, nor does it refer solely to the inhabitants of Denmark or the Cimbric Chersonese. It illustrates the migrations, the institutions, the manners, the religion, and the superstitions of most of the branches of the great Teutonic people. It is interspersed with biographical anecdotes, etymological inquiries frequently fanciful, and notices of old Scandinavian literature, the vestiges of the author's early researches in the library of Copenhagen. In Barbier's "Dictionnaire des Anonymes" (No.

10,881) there is attributed to Arpe a book called "Réponse à la Dissertation de M. de Lamonoye sur le Livre des Trois Imposteurs," printed at the Hague in 1716. Other authorities vindicate Arpe from this charge, which may, perhaps, have originated in his Apology for Vanini, in which he discusses a charge against Vanini of having revived "that wicked and abominable book." Lamonoye's work is then referred to, and the question is started, whether the Liber de Tribus Impostoribus" was any other than Kortholt's attack on Spinosa, Hobbes, and Lord Herbert of Cherbury. (Moller, Cimbria Literata, i. 24, 25; Adelung, Supplement to Jöcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon; Ersch and Gruber, Allgemeine Encyclopädie; Biog. Universelle, Supp.; Works referred to.) J. H. B.

ARPHE. [ARFE.]

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ARPINO, CARLO, was born at Podivarino in Piedmont, where he was professor of astrology and cosmography. He was physician and councillor to the Grand-Duke of Savoy. He translated from the Latin, into Italian, the treatise of Francesco Gallina" On Baths," adding to each chapter notes of his own. The translation was published at Turin, in 1614. Rossotto, in his "Syllabus Scriptorum Pedemontii," gives a list of his works which had been prepared for publication by his son. They consist of his annotations on the work of Gallina "On Baths;" of several chapters on astrology; of remarks on ancient writers, especially Aristotle; and other treatises, of which Rossotto speaks very highly. (Mazzuchelli, Scrittori d' Italia; Rossotto, Syllabus Script. Pedemont.) E. L. ARPINO, D'. [CESARI, GIUSEPPE.] ARPINO, JA'COPO FRANCESCO, was the son of Carlo Arpino, and was born at Podivarino in Piedmont. He was physician in ordinary to the Prince Maurice of Savoy, and also to the widow of that prince after her husband's death. He wrote a work on epidemic disease, which was published at Turin in 1655, with the title "Historia de statu Epidemico anno 1654, in oppido et agro patrio, ad Collegium Physico-Medicum Taurinense." He also composed many treatises on anatomy, philosophy, botany, astronomy, heraldry, and medicine, which appear never to have been printed, but are mentioned by Rossotto, in his "Syllabus Scriptorum Pedemontii," as forming a volume of a large size, and containing many illustrations drawn by the hand of the author. He also wrote a celebrated epitaph for the tomb of Giovanni Antonio Barberi, who died in 1666, a copy of which is published in the Appendix of Rossotto's "Syllabus." He also edited an edition of his father's works. (Mazzuchelli, Scrittori d'Italia; Rossotto, Syllabus Script. Pedemont. p. 309.) E. L. ARQUA'TO, ANTONIO, was born at Ferrara, and having been educated as a phy

'sician, he gave himself up, as most of the physicians of his day, to the study of astrology, and wrote a work upon that subject. This book was published in 1480, and contained a prediction of events that should occur in the next year; it was entitled "Pronostico Divino fatto dello anno 1480, al Sereniss. Re d' Ungheria, delle cose che succederanno fra i Turchi, ed i Cristiani, e della Revoluzione delli Stati d'Italia, e Renovazione della Chiesa per tutto l'anno 1538, cosa mirabilissima." (Mazzuchelli, Scrittori d'Italia.) E. L.

ARQUATO, GIOVANNI FRANCESCO, was born at Trivisano in the states of Venice, and lived during the commencement of the seventeenth century. For ten years he was first physician at Pordenone in Piedmont. In 1608 he published the first volume of a work at Venice, entitled "Medicus Reformatus," 4to.; a second volume was published in 1622. In this work he directs attention to the abuses in the practice of medicine, and more particularly to the ignorance which he supposed prevailed with regard to the value of blood-letting. There are many useful hints on the practice of venesection in this volume. He seemed to think that bleeding could never do harm where it does no good; but a conviction of the erroneousness of such a position is happily gaining ground amongst medical men, and the lancet is more discriminately used than formerly.

In addition to this work Carrere mentions two others as having been written by Arquato: the first, published at Venice in 1621, with the title "Tesoro della vera perfetta Medicina universale per la Salute e Conservatione de' Principi," 4to.; the second, against the plague, published at Trieste in 1626, and entitled "Propugnaculo fortissimo contro la Peste," 4to. Neither of these works is mentioned by Mazzuchelli, nor would they appear to be by Bartolommeo Burchelato, in his ". Catalogus Scriptorum Tarvisinorum.” (Mazzuchelli, Scrittori d' Italia; Biographie Médicale.) E. L.

ARQUIER, JOSEPH, was born at Toulouse, in 1763. In 1784 he was engaged as one of the violoncellos in the theatre at Marseille, and afterwards he led the orchestra of the Théâtre du Pavillon in the same place. In 1789 he wrote an opera, called "Daphnis et Hortense," which was performed at Marseille. Soon after he went to Paris, having been engaged to lead the band at one of the minor theatres, for which he wrote "Le Mari corrigé," "L'Hôtellerie de Sargano," "L'Hermitage des Pyrénées," and "Les deux petits Troubadours." He afterwards returned to Marseille, where he produced some other dramatic compositions, and where he died, in October, 1816. (Fétis, Biographie Universelle des Musiciens.) E. T. AR-RA'DHI BILLÁH (Abú-l-'abbás.

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a precarious authority for about six years and ten months. Ar-rádhi is generally allowed to have possessed many accomplishments; he was benevolent and generous, and he rewarded with munificence the labours of the learned. Himself a poet, he is reported to have left several poetical pieces as memorials of an elegant and cultivated mind. He had several male children, the eldest of whom, named Abú Is'hák Ibráhím, succeeded him under the title of Al-mutakki-lillah. (Ibnul-athír, 'Ibratu-l-awali, MS.; Abú-l-fedá, Ann. Musl. sub Annis 322-3; Ad-diyárbekrí, Gen. Hist. MS.; Elmacin, Hist. Sarac. lib. iii. cap. 1; D'Herbelot, Bib.Ori. voc. Razi.) P. de Ĝ.

Mohammed), the twentieth khalif of the house of 'Abbas, was born in Rabi' the first, A.H. 297 (Nov. A.D. 909); he was the son of Almuktadir-billah, the eighteenth khalif of the same family. When, in Shawwál, A.H. 320 (Oct. A.D. 933), his father was assassinated by Múnis, the Turcoman, Abú-l-'abbás was confined in a dungeon, where he remained during all the reign of the usurper Al-káhir; but on the dethronement of the latter, in Jumáda the first, A.H. 322 (A.D. 934), he was taken out of prison and immediately proclaimed khalif under the title of Ar-rádhibillah (the contented with God). One of the first acts of his reign was to confer the charge of vizir upon Abú Ali Ibn Moklah, the cele- ARRAES, or ARRAIZ, AMADOR, brated calligraphist, to whose intrigues the Bishop of Portalegre, was born in the city dethronement of Al-káhir and his own ele- of Beja, in the province of Alentejo, in the vation to power were in some measure owing. year 1530. He entered the convent of Car[AL-KAHIR BILLAH.] Two years after, how-melites in Lisbon in the year 1545, and apever, part of the garrison of Baghdad, having taken offence at some measures of Ibn Mok

lah, rose in arms and loudly called for his
removal. Ar-rádhi, accordingly, deprived
him of his office, and appointed in his stead
'Abdu-r-rahmán Ibn 'Isa, who, however, was
only able to retain his office six months, the
coffers of the state being too exhausted to
satisfy the cravings of that insolent militia.
In A.H. 325 (A.D. 937), Ar-rádhi appointed a
kinsman of his, named Ibn Rátik, to be his
hájib, and restored Ibn Moklah to the vizir-
ate. A dispute, however, having soon after
arisen between that minister and Ibn Rátik for
the part which the latter was supposed to have
taken in his former dismission, Ibn Moklah
sought to avenge the injury by inviting to
Baghdad one of the slaves of Merdawing,
sultan of Deylam, whose name was Bahkam,
and who, after the assassination of his
master, had contrived to make himself mas-
ter of the greater part of Arabian 'Irák.
But the treacherous correspondence being
detected by the hájib Ibn Rátik, the criminal
vizir was arrested and condemned to lose
his right hand; the sentence being carried
into execution in spite of Ibn Moklah's loud
entreaties that that hand might be spared,
which had written so many copies of the
Korán. Notwithstanding all this, Bahkam
set out for Baghdad; and, contrary to the
known and acknowledged intentions of Ar-
rádhi, entered that capital in A.H. 326 (A.D.
937-8); and Ibn Rátik being compelled to
fly for life, the intruder extorted from Ar-
rádhi the title of amíru-l-omrá, or chief of
the Amírs, and usurped the absolute admi-
nistration of affairs. From this moment may
properly be dated the decay of the kha-
lifate, which, under the amíru-l-omrá of the
race of Buwayh, dwindled into a mere
title. Three years subsequent to this usur-
pation, namely, on Saturday, the 16th of
Rabi' the first, A.H. 329 (Dec. A. D. 940),
Ar-rádhi expired, at the age of thirty-two, of
a dropsical complaint, after having exercised

plied himself with great diligence and suc-
cess to the study of philosophy and theology.
Having taken his degree of doctor in theo-
logy, he soon rendered himself celebrated as
a preacher, and attracted the attention of
the king, Sebastian, who treated him with
much consideration, and made him his chap-
lain, or preacher. The Cardinal Don Henry
was also much attached to him, and, when
Archbishop of Evora, made him his coad-
jutor, which nomination was confirmed by
Pope Gregory XIII. in 1578, with the title
of Bishop of Macedama, afterwards changed
to that of Tripoli in Africa, to which dignity
the king added the post of royal almoner.
On the 30th of October, 1581, the king,
Philip II., conferred upon him the bishopric
of Portalegre. He discharged the duties of
this sacred charge with care and success
until the year 1596, when he resigned his
bishopric, and retired to the university of Co-
imbra. He was a considerable benefactor
to this university, enlarging its funds, and add-
ing to its buildings: he also beautified and
enlarged his cathedral. His death took place
on the 1st of August, 1600. He wrote "Dia-
logos Morais" (twelve in number), Coimbra,
1589, 4to., and 1598, fol.; a posthumous edi-
tion, with the corrections and additions of
the author, appeared in 1604, fol.; also, in
the same year, a Latin translation with the
title "Dialogi decem de Divina Providen-
tia." He gave much attention to the revi-
sion of the constitutions, by which the bi-
shopric of Portalegre was governed many
years. Arraes ranks among the classic au-
thors of the Portuguese. His dialogues are
in the Platonic style. (Barbosa Machado,
Bibliotheca Lusitana; Catalogo dos Bispos
de Portalegre, in the Collecçam dos Docu-
mentos da Academia Real da Historia Por-
tugueza for 1721; Villiers à S. Stephano,
Bibliotheca Carmelitana; N. Antonius, Bib-
liotheca Hispana Nova.)
J. W. J.

ARRAGO'SIUS, GULIELMUS, was born in 1513, near Toulouse. In 1551 he was

studying medicine at Montpellier, and he is said to have been physician to three kings of France (Henry II., Francis II., and Charles IX.), and to the emperor Maximilian II. He practised first at Paris, and afterwards at Vienna; and when very old he retired to Basle, where he lived in the house of Jacobus Zuinger, the professor of medicine and chemistry, and died in 1610.

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count of the tree of life has been translated into English by Richard Browne, and was published in 8vo. in London, in 1683, and recommended as “a piece useful for divines as well as physicians."

plicada com Gonorrhoea purulenta de seis dias," 4to. It was published in folio, in 1683, and again in 1715, with commentaries by F. H. Mirandella. In 1642 he published the first part of a second work on the cure of syphilis. This work was entitled "Methodo de conhecer e curar o Morbo Gallico," Lisbon, 4to. The second part was published separately the same year. The Two letters of Arragosius were published two parts were united, and printed at Lisbon, after his death. The first was written in in folio, in 1683. In 1650 he published a 1575, at Vienna, and has the title "Epistola work in Latin on various subjects, more cude extractis chymice præparatis." It is rious than important, with the title " Novæ published in the "Volumen Epistolarum Philosophiæ et Medicina de qualitatibus Philosophicarum, Medicinalium," &c. of occultis a nemine unquam excultæ," LisLaurentius Scholzius, Frankfort, 1598, folio. bon, 4to. This work contains a discussion The other letter is " Epistola de natura et on the physical properties of the tree of viribus Hydrargyri." It was written to life; on the powers of music; on the taranPaulus Jovius, a Florentine physician (not tula; on electric and magnetic qualities; the better known bishop of Nocera of the to all of which subjects he applies the prinsame name), and was first published by Theo- ciples of his new philosophy on the occult dore Zuinger, the great-grandson of him with qualities of bodies. These treatises are whom Arragosius lived, in his "Fasciculus amusing instances of the absurdity into Dissertationum Medicarum Selectiorum," which the mind may be betrayed, unless Basle, 1710, 8vo., as an appendix to a disser-guided by a sound philosophy. The actation by Caspar Olrius on the same subject. In this letter Arragosius tells some marvellous stories of his having found pure mercury just under the surface of the earth at Montpellier, and of collecting it as it dropped from hay by moonlight in the spring. He urges the necessity of extreme caution in the use of mercury, and maintained that none but experienced physicians should dare to give it. He no doubt greatly exaggerated its dangers when he described the mercurial ointment as always injurious to the health, and often fatal; yet it is probable that in his time there were abundant instances to prove the evil consequences of its employment. He admitted that by peculiar modes of preparation mercury might be made a valuable ARRAN, EARL OF. [BUTLER.] remedy, but he gave no clear indication of ARRAN, EARL OF. [HAMILTON.] what these modes are. (Astruc, De Morbis ARRAS, MATHIEU D', a French archiVenereis, ed. 1740, p. 84ì; Zuinger, Fasci-tect, who was born at Arras, about the comculus Dissertationum.) mencement of the fourteenth century, and died in the year 1352. In 1344 he was summoned to Prague by John IV., king of Bohemia, in order to erect the new cathedral of St. Veitskirche there. The first stone was laid with great solemnity by John himself, but the structure was not completed until 1385. This fine building still exists. He also superintended the construction of the royal castle called Karlstein, four leagues from Prague, commenced by the emperor Charles IV. in the year 1348, but this likewise he did not live to complete. The first stone was laid by the Archbishop of Prague, Arnest von Pardubicz. Much of this exists at the present day almost in its original state. There is a bust of Arras in the cathedral at Prague with the following inscription:-" Mathias natus de Arras civitate Francie, primus magister fabrice huius ecclesie quam Karolus quartus pro tunc

J. P. ARRAIS, DUARTE MADEIRA, was born at Moimenta, about four leagues from Lamego in Beira, a province of Portugal. He was educated at the university of Coimbra, where he distinguished himself by his attachment to poetry, philosophy, and medicine.

He practised medicine in Lisbon, where his success was very great, and he was especially distinguished for his success in difficult and delicate surgical operations. He was appointed physician to John IV., king of Portugal, and he died at Lisbon on the 9th of July, 1652. He wrote several medical works in Portuguese and Latin, some of which have been often reprinted. His first work, which was on gonorrhoea, was published at Lisbon, in Portuguese, in 1638, with the following title, Apologia em que se defendem humas sangrias de pes dadas em huma inflammação de olhos com

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In addition to his printed works, Arrais left several manuscripts: one, on the cure of tertian ague, now in the Royal Library at Lisbon; a second, on anatomy, in two volumes, folio, in the library of W. M. S. Brandão; and a third, entitled Medical Observations, in the possession of D. A. de Sylva. (Biog. Médicale; Some of the Works of Arrais.)

E. L.

ARRAÍZ, AMADOR. [ARRAES, AMA

DOR.]

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