Marchio Moravie cum electus fuerat in regem Romanorum in Avinione abinde adduxit ad fabricandam ecclesiam istam quam a fundo incepit A.D. MCCCXLIIII. et rexit usque ad annum LII. in quo obiit.” (Nagler, Künstler-Lexicon; Dlabacz, Abhandlung von den Schicksalen der Künste in Böhmen, ii.; Pelzel, Kaiser Karl der Vierte, König in Böhmen, i. 128, 129, 216.) J. W. J. AR-RASHI'D. [HARU'N.] AR-RASHI'D ABU' MOHAMMED 'ABDU-L-WA'HED II., tenth sultan of Western Africa, of the dynasty of the Almuwahhedún or Almohades, was the son of Al-mámún Abú-l-'ola Idrís, whom he succeeded at his death in Moharram, A.H. 630 (Oct. A.D. 1232). Al-mámún having died in the camp at Wáda Umm Rabi', as he was marching against his cousin Yahya An-násir, who had taken possession of Marocco, Arrashid was advised to sound the feelings of the army towards him, and to consult his principal officers as to his future movements. Having, accordingly, summoned to his tent Kánún Ibn Jarmún, chief of the tribe of Sufyán, Sha'yb, chief of the tribe of Heskurah, and Farkabil, the general of his father's Castilian bands, he announced to them the death of Al-mámún, and asked of each of them whether they were prepared to recognise him as their sovereign and to march against the usurper of his rights. Ar-rashíd having accompanied this request by a considerable present in money to each, and a promise to give up Marocco for their followers to sack, the three chiefs did not hesitate in tendering Ar-rashid the customary oath of allegiance. Meanwhile Yahya An-násir, having received intelligence of his enemy's plans, assembled the chief citizens of Marocco, and having discovered to them what were the intentions of Ar-rashíd, asked them for the means of defending the capital if they would avert the impending danger. Having, accordingly, obtained a considerable supply of money, he raised a large force, with which he went out to meet Ar-rashíd. The campaign, however, proved unfavourable to Yahya, who, after many sanguinary encounters with the troops of his rival, was totally defeated, with loss of upwards of six thousand of his followers. After this victory Ar-rashíd marched to Marocco, which he besieged; the inhabitants at first made a gallant defence, but, unable to hold out any longer through want of provisions, they offered to capitulate on condition that their lives and property should be spared. As Ar-rashíd, however, had promised to deliver up the city to his troops, he could not grant those terms without previously consulting his generals. Kánún and Sha'yb generously gave up their share in the spoil, but the Christian general peremptorily refused to ratify the capitulation unless the sum of five hundred thousand dinárs was given to him to distribute among his fol lowers. The people of Marocco having subscribed to these conditions, Ar-rashíd made his triumphant entry the following day. Having, in A.H. 633 (A.D. 1235-6), summoned to his presence five-and-twenty of the principal members of the tribe of Al-khalatt, which had befriended his rival Yahya, on the pretext that he was about to confer honours and rewards upon them, he had them allarrested and put to death by his guards within the precincts of his palace. This act of treachery so incensed the friends and relatives of the victims, that they prevailed upon the tribe to take up arms and march to Marocco, which they entered without resistance, and caused Yahya to be proclaimed. Ar-rashíd with his Christian auxiliaries fled to Syilmésah, whence, having recruited his forces, he advanced towards Fez. This city, being then without a garrison, made no resistance; and after two months' stay Ar-rashíd set out for Marocco. Not far from that capital he found his competitor, Yahya, encamped on the banks of a river with ten thousand men. Though greatly inferior in numbers, Arrashid did not hesitate to attack him. The battle was long and well contested; but at last the discipline and courage of the Castilian bands under Ar-rashíd carried the day, and Yahya was once more obliged to desert his capital and retire to Rebát Tézza, where he was put to death by some partisans of Arrashid. The rest of that Sultan's reign was passed in comparative tranquillity; he made even some acquisitions of territory. In Ramadhán, A.H. 635 (May, A.D. 1238), the people of Seville sent him an embassy, asking to become his subjects. The same was done by Ceuta, in Shawwál, as well as by other cities of Spain and Africa which had momentarily shaken off the yoke of the Almohades. As Ar-rashíd was one day riding out, the horse which he mounted took fright, ran away with him, and precipitated him into a pond, where he was drowned, in Jumáda the second, A.H. 640 (Dec. A.D. 1242). He was succeeded by his brother Abú-l-hasan 'Ali, surnamed As-sa'íd. (Karttás, translated by Moura, cap. lv.; Cardonne, Hist. de l'Afrique et de l'Espagne, ii. 175; Al-makkarí, Moham. Dyn. ii. App. lxxvi.; Holalu-l-maushiyyah, or a History of Marocco, MS.) P. de G. ARRAULT, CHARLES, an eminent French lawyer, who lived about the close of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th centuries. He was born at Bois-commun in the Gatinais, in 1643, and died at Paris, in 1718. His first appearances at the bar are said to have been extremely brilliant, and a sound judgment and extensive legal knowledge rendered his success permanent. He was elected batonnier of the avocats of the parliament of Paris, and the regent (Duke of Orleans) retained him as his standing counsel. Several of his written pleadings in cases of importance were published. Among others: -1. "Recueil général des pièces des procès | the king, in consideration of his repentance, de Mons. le Duc de Gesvres," Rotterdam, 1714. 2. "Un Mémoire touchant le droit de M. le Prince de Conti sur la principauté de Neufchâtel," 1707, 4to. 3. Mémoire pour le Prince de Monaco contre le Duc de Savoie, touchant les seigneuries de Menton et de Roquebrune," Paris, 1712. 4. The materials of a work published by his son Charles after his death, in 1746, and entitled Abrégé historique de l'Hôpital des Enfans trouvés," were collected by Arrault. (Le Long and Fontet, Bibliothèque de la France, vol. iii.; Supplement to the Biographie Universelle.) 66 W. W. AR-RA'ZI' is the surname of 'Isa Ibn Ahmed, an historian of Mohammedan Spain, whose works have been lost, although extracts from them may be occasionally found in Ibn Hayyán and other more modern writers. 'Isa was the son, or the grandson, of another historian, named Ahmed Ibn Músa Ar-rází [AHMED AR-RA'ZI'], who lived about the beginning of the tenth century of our æra. The exact time in which 'Isa lived is not well ascertained; but from a passage given by Al-makkarí, we should be inclined to think that he lived under Alfonso V. of Leon, who reigned between A.D. 999 and 1027. Casiri mentions a work by this Arrází, the subject of which seems to have been the lives of illustrious vizirs. (Al-makkarí, Moham. Dyn. ii. 507; Casiri, Bib. Arab. Hisp. Esc. ii. 36.) P. de G. ARRA'ZI'. [RHAZES.] ARREBOE, ANDERS, was born in 1587, at Ærröe's Kiöbing, in the island of Ærröe, where his father was minister. He studied at the University of Copenhagen, took the degree of Master of Arts there in 1610, and was appointed in the same year preacher at the palace of Copenhagen. In 1618 he was elected Bishop of Drontheim by the chapter of that cathedral on the recommendation of the King, Christian IV. Complaints of his conduct were soon after lodged before the king by Tage Thott, the lord-lieutenant at Drontheim, and, after several legal proceedings, he was finally deposed from his bishopric by a tribunal at Bergen, consisting of the king in person, and the bishops of Christiania, Bergen, and Stavanger. In the sentence, which bears date the 13th of November, 1621, Arreboe is declared to have been guilty of several acts of levity and licentiousness, and, in particular, of having sung improper songs, and danced improper dances. There appears to be no doubt that Arreboe had conducted himself in a highly unbecoming manner; but Pontoppidan, who is very severe on him, admits that there was a general report that Thott, who was his personal enemy, had seduced him into a debauch, and brought forward what afterwards occurred as ground of accusation. Arreboe lived in miserable poverty for five years after his deposition, at the end of which and his having composed some excellent psalms, appointed him to the pastorship of Vordingborg, which he occupied till his death in 1637. The incidents in the life of Arreboe hardly prepare us for the fact that his name is the most distinguished in the early history of the poetry of Denmark. "In Arreboe," says Molbech, the ingenious Danish critic, "we find materials for a true poet, many poetical elements, beauty and power in imagery and diction." He proceeds to add, however, that his works exhibit roughness of form and a want of creative fancy and refined taste. Arreboe's language is now so antiquated, that he is generally inaccessible to modern readers; but his name is still familiarly known as that of one who, till the time of Tullin, about the middle of the eighteenth century, maintained an almost undisputed pre-eminence in Danish poetry. 5. 66 His works are-1. "Relation i vers om Christian IV., des Sejr over de Svenske," Copenhagen, 1611; a complimentary poem on a victory gained by the King of Denmark over the Swedes. 2. "Sorgelig Digt om Dronning Annæ Catharinæ salige Henfart," Copenhagen, 1612, 4to.; a poem on the death of the Queen Anna Catharina. 3. "Pestpulver som af alle Guds Börn bruges kan," Copenhagen, 1618: “Plague Powder, which can be used by all God's children." 4. "David's Psalter sangvis udsat," Copenhagen, 1623, and reprinted in 1627, 1650, and 1662. These psalms, which are considered some of the best of Arreboe's productions, have been, nevertheless, surpassed in popularity by those of Bishop Kingo, the Dr. Watts of Denmark. Hexaemeron, Verdens förste Uges sex Dages Gierning," published by the author's son, Copenhagen, 1641, and again in 1661, 4to. This "Hexaemeron, the work of the six days of the first week," is a paraphrase of the French poem of Du Bartas, which was itself founded on the "Hexaemeron" of the Greek monk Georgius Pisides. It is the masterpiece of Arreboe, and enjoyed a popularity which can hardly be wondered at when it is remembered how highly Sylvester's English version of the same poem was valued in a country where it had to encounter the rivalry of genius of the first rank. The invocation to the Deity with which Arreboe's poem commences is entirely his own, and is the finest passage of the whole, but has been imitated and surpassed in a fourth Hexaemeron by Spegel, Archbishop of Upsal (born 1645, died 1714), who in his poetical career chose for models Arreboe and Milton. 6. "Tre Psalmer," Copenhagen, 1670, 4to. Three additional psalms also published by his son. These are the poetical works of Arreboe. Those in prose are-7. "Ligprædiken over Lisbet Rosensparre," Copenhagen, 1627, a funeral sermon on a lady. 8. " Torcular Christi, 15 Prædikener over Christi Lidelse," Copenhagen, 1670, 4to.; fifteen sermons on Christ's passion: and 9. "Ossa Rediviva, Propheten Ezechiels Syn i 15 Prædikener," Copenhagen, 1680, 4to.; the Vision of the Prophet Ezekiel, in fifteen sermons. (Pontoppidan, Annales Ecclesiæ Danica Diplomatici, iii. 200, 720; Nyerup and Kraft, Almindeligt Litteratur-Lexicon for Danmark, Norge, og Island, p. 21; Molbech, Danske Anthologie, i. 3; Hammarsköld, Svenska Vitterheten, edit. of Sonden, p. 122, &c.) T. W. ARREDONDO, DON ISIDO'RO, a Spanish historical painter, born in 1653, at Colmenar de Oreja. He was first the scholar of Josef Garcia, and afterwards of Francisco Rizi, painter to Charles II. of Spain, with whom he made great progress, especially in fresco, and became a great favourite. Arredondo married the adopted daughter of Rizi, and at that painter's death, in 1685, inherited his property, part of which was a good collection of studies and drawings, &c. Charles II. had conferred the title of Painter to the King, but without salary, upon Arredondo, before the death of Rizi, and after that event he intrusted him with the execution of several important works in the royal palace, and gave him the salary belonging to his office. He died at Madrid in 1702. DON MANUEL ARREDONDO died at Madrid in 1712, who also held the place of painter to the king, with a salary: he was succeeded by Don Pedro de Calabria. (Cean Bermudez, Diccionario Historico, &c.) R. N. W. ARRETIO, BUONAGUIDA DE. [ARETINO, BUONAGUida.] ARRETI'NUS, JOANNES TORTELLIUS. [ARETINO, GIOVANNI.] | university, in 1689 he was appointed a censor of books, and in 1693 one of the royal secretaries. He died in Stockholm, in 1695, apparently without issue, though married in 1670 to Maria Apelroth. These dates are taken partly from Gezelius and Stiernman, and partly from the works of Arrhenius himself. Both of the former, for instance, speak of 1693 as the date of his appointment to the office of historiographer; but as in the privilege to Arrhenius's "History of the Swedish Church," dated 1685, we find him styled by Charles XI. himself "historiarum professor et historiographus nobis," and as in the preface to the same book, which was published in 1689, Arrhenius speaks of having been called to the arduous task of writing the history of his country eleven years before, there appear to be sufficient grounds for fixing the date at 1678. Arrhenius possessed great learning; and he was also one of those men, in whom Sweden has been so fertile, who united sagacity to learning. The history of Sweden at the time that he commenced his researches was involved in great obscurity, which he did much to clear up. The occasional errors that he fell into, of which Warmholtz has pointed out a remarkable instance with regard to Typotius, are too few to impeach his general character for correctness. His original printed works are:-1. "Dissertationum Academicarum Ogdoas," Upsal, 1671, 4to.; a collection of eight academical dissertations relating to Quintus Curtius's history of Alexander. 2. "Musarum UpsalienSium Pietas in Carolum XI. Regem Sueciæ," Upsal, 1673, folio; a prose address to Charles XI. on his accession, which Arrhenius thought fit to reprint, a quarter of a century later, at the end of his "Ecclesiastical History." 3. "Memoria Bened. fratrisque Joh. Apelroth," ARRHENIUS, CLAS or CLAUDIUS, was born at Linköping, in 1627, and was the son of Arvid Claesson, a citizen and mer-Upsal, 1679, folio; a biographical notice of chant of that town, whose father, a German captain, had settled in Sweden in the time of King Charles IX. After studying at the school and gymnasium of Linköping, and then at the university of Upsal, Clas obtained, in 1657, the situation of tutor to the young Count Gabriel Oxenstierna, and accompanied him on his travels. On his return he was appointed a "Docens" at the university of Upsal; afterwards, in 1667, professor of logic and metaphysics, and in 1668 professor of history, a study to which he had always been attached, and which he taught for nineteen years. At nearly the same time that he entered on his professorship the Swedish College of Antiquities was instituted; Arrhenius was named, in 1669, one of its assessors, and, nine years after, he received the appointment of royal historiographer. In 1684 he was ennobled, and assumed on the occasion the name of Oernhielm, or Eaglehelmet. Three years later he resigned his professorship, and became librarian to the two of his friends. 4. "Historiæ Svecorum Gothorumque Ecclesiastica Libri IV. priores," Stockholm, 1689, 4to.; the great work of Arrhenius, and to this day a leading authority on the subject of which it treats. The four books, beyond which its author never carried it, comprise an investigation into the ecclesiastical history of Sweden from the earliest period to about the close of the twelfth century. 5. "Vita illustrissimi herois Ponti de la Gardie," Leipzig, 1690; 4to., a life of the celebrated Swedish general Pontius de la Gardie, with which is interwoven an almost complete history of Livonia, which he conquered during the reign of John of Sweden, contemporary with our Queen Elizabeth. This biography is spoken of by Warmholtz as indispensable to the history of King John. 6. A portion of the text to Dahlberg's "Svecia Antiqua et Hodierna," published by the Swedish government, the most splendid book which Sweden has yet produced. This work, which as issued consists entirely of three volumes of copper-plates, was originally intended to be accompanied with an explanation, which Arrhenius received orders to write, but in the composition of which he never advanced further than the seventh chapter of the first book. This portion, the manuscript of which is preserved in the royal archives at Stockholm, was first made public in Nettelbla's “Greinir or theim gaumlu Saugum, Laugum, og Ithrotter," Frankfort, 1765, 4to. Arrhenius published an edition of the Latin Life of St. Anscarius, the Apostle of the North, by St. Rimbert, together with an ancient Swedish translation of it, supposed by Arrhenius to be made by Bishop Nicolas of Linköping in the fourteenth century, and another Life of Anscarius by Gualdo, the whole in one quarto volume, at Stockholm, in 1677; and he translated from Italian into Latin, for his friend Scheffer's treatise “De Re Vehiculari Veterum," Frankfort, 1671, 4to., a treatise of Ligorio on the vehicles of the ancients. Arrhenius published some academical dissertations, and left behind him several valuable manuscripts, which are still preserved in the archives at Stockholm. The most important seem to be, 1. "Bullarium Romano-Sueo-Gothicum," a collection of all the bulls, papal letters, &c. relating to Sweden, in eleven volumes, 4to. 2. "A View of the Church-revenues and Church-estates in Sweden, from the reign of Gustavus Vasa to the end of the reign of Queen Christina," drawn up by Arrhenius and three others, by command of Charles XI. For a list of others of less consequence we must refer to Warmholtz's "Bibliotheca." In the privilege to the "Ecclesiastical History" it is mentioned that Arrhenius had ready for the press a History of the Goths and Lombards in Italy, written in four languages, Italian, Latin, Swedish, and German, and a "Svecia Sancta," or lives of the Swedish saints; but these appear to be lost. The history of the Goths is said to have been merely a transla- | tion from the Italian of Tesoro. (Gezelius, Biographiskt Lexicon öfver Svenske Män, iii. 444; Stiernman, Matrikel öfwer Swea Rikes Ridderskap och Adel, ii. 776; Warmholtz, Bibliotheca Historica Sueo-Gothica, i. 63, iv. 12, &c.; most of the Works of Arrhenius.) T. W. ARRHENIUS, JACOB, a Swedish scholar, and brother of Claudius Arrhenius, a celebrated Swedish historian, who was afterwards raised to the rank of a nobleman, and received the name of Oernhielm or Ornsjaelms. Jacob Arrhenius was born in 1642, at Linköping. He studied at Upsal, where he was appointed, in 1677, secretary of the academy, and in 1687 professor of history in the university. This office he held until 1716, when he resigned it in favour of his eldest son, Laurentius Arrhenius. He died in 1725, at the age of eighty-three. His numerous writings, which treat for the most | 66 8. part on detached points of ancient history, and which are still useful, are contained in the following list:-1. "Patria et ejus amor. Ex Ciceronis de Legibus libro secundo," Upsal, 1670, 4to. 2. " Disputatio de supremis Augusti," Upsal, 1691, 8vo. 3. Disputatio de fortuna bellica Alexandri Magni," Upsal, 1693, 8vo. 4. "Disputatio de Graecia triumphante," Upsal, 1693, 8vo. 5. “ Brevis adumbratio veteris Ægypti," Upsal, 1694, 8vo. 6. "De præcepti et exempli applicatione politico necessaria," Upsal, 1694, 8vo. 7. "Disputatio de causis bellorum inter Persas et Græcos," Upsal, 1694, 8vo. "Disputatio de vita Domitiani," Stockholm, 1696, 8vo. 9. "Disputatio de Seiano," Stockholm, 1696, 8vo. 10. "De virtute sedulo comparanda," Upsal, 1698, 8vo. 11. "Disputatio de Mora Steen dicto," Upsal, 1700, 8vo. 12. "Disputatio de regno Medorum,' Upsal, 1700, 8vo. 13. Disputatio de fatis religionis in Scandia," Upsal, 1700, 8vo. 14. “ 'Disputatio de Nabonassaro," Upsal, 1702, 8vo. 15. "Disputatio de consule Romano," Upsal, 1705, 8vo. 16. "De Hannibale, Ponorum duce," Upsal, 1707, 8vo. 17. De divisione imperii Hebræorum," Upsala, 1709, 8vo. 18. "Disputatio de excidio Carthaginis," Upsal, 1712, 8vo. (Gezelius, Biographiskt Lexicon öfver Svenske Män; Adelung, Supplement to Jöcher, Allgem. Gelehrten-Lexic. i. p. 1136, &c.) L. S. 66 ARRHIDUS (Αῤῥιδαῖος or ̓Αριδαίος), a son of Philip II. of Macedonia, by the female dancer Philinna of Larissa, and a halfbrother of Alexander the Great. He had a weak understanding, which, according to Plutarch, was the consequence of poison which had been administered to him when very young by Olympias, the wife of Philip, who wished to destroy him. During the reign of Alexander the Great, Arrhidæus is not mentioned; but at the time of Alexander's death we find him at Babylon, where he was proclaimed king of Macedonia, under the name of Philip, whence he is often called Philip Arrhidæus. Shortly after, Roxana, the wife of Alexander, gave birth to a son, and the infant prince also was honoured with the title of king. Perdiccas acted as regent for the two nominal kings. [ALEXANDER IV. OF MACEDONIA.] In B.C. 322, Arrhidæus married Eurydice, an ambitious and domineering woman, the daughter of Amyntas and Cynane. This marriage was brought about by Cynane, and by the desire of the Macedonian army against the will of Perdiccas, who took Arrhidæus and his wife with him on his expedition to Egypt. Arrhidæus was completely under the control of his wife: he was a mere name, of which she made use for the purpose of satisfying her ambition. After the murder of Perdiccas, she went with her husband to Macedonia, and even while on her journey she gave sufficient proof of aiming at nothing short of the regency. She began this contest with Python and Arrhidæus, and continued it with Antipater and Polysperchon. Roxana with her son, and Olympias, were now in Epirus, and Olympias, greatly irritated by the arrogance of Eurydice, persuaded Eacides, king of Epirus, to invade Macedonia, and to support the rights of Polysperchon against the usurpation of Eurydice. Eacides complied with the request, and was successful in his enterprise: he took Olympias and Roxana with her son back to Macedonia, and Arrhidæus and his wife were made prisoners. Olympias treated them with inhuman cruelty: she confined them in a close dungeon, and when the Macedonians began to express their dissatisfaction at her conduct, she gave up Arrhidæus to some Thracians to put him to death, B.C. 317. Arrhidæus perished after a nominal reign of six years and four months. Eurydice soon after put an end to her own life by order of Olympias. After his victory over Olympias, in B.C. 316, Cassander ordered the bodies of Arrhidæus, Eurydice, and Cynane, who had been put to death before by Alcetas, to be buried in the tomb of the royal family at Ege, and celebrated splendid funeral games in their honour. (Plutarch, Alexander, 77; Photius, Biblioth. Cod. 82, 92; Justin, ix. 8, xiii. 2, xiv. 5; Q. Curtius, x. 7; Diodorus Siculus, xviii. 2, xix. 11, 52; Pausanias, i. 6, § 3, 25, § 3 and 5, viii. 7, § 5; Athenæus, iv. p. 155.) L. S. ARRHIDÆUS ('Appidaîos or 'Apidaîos), one of the generals of Alexander the Great, who was employed after the death of the king in conveying his body from Babylon to Egypt. After the murder of Perdiccas, in B.C. 321, Arrhidæus and Pithon, or Python, were proclaimed regents of Macedonia, through the influence of Ptolemy, the son of Lagus. The two regents set out from Egypt, with the several members of the royal family, for Syria. On their arrival at Triparadisus the two regents resigned their office, because they were constantly opposed by Eurydice, to whom the Macedonians seemed to show more obedience than to their regents. Arrhidæus and Python were succeeded at Triparadisus by Antipater in B.C. 321, and in the new division of the provinces, which was now made, Arrhidæus received that part of Phrygia which is close on the Hellespont. On the death of Antipater, in B.C. 319, when Antigonus and Cassander made preparations for deposing Polysperchon, and making a fresh distribution of the provinces, Arrhidæus resolved to fortify the principal towns of his satrapy, and to make himself master of Cyzicus, which was a place of the highest importance to him, as he had to defend himself in his satrapy. He accordingly marched with a large army to Cyzicus, and laid siege to the town; but his plans were thwarted by a stratagem of the inhabitants, and Arrhidæus was obliged to return to his satrapy. Antigonus sent a detachment to the relief of Cyzicus, which, however, did not arrive before Arrhidæus had withdrawn. Antigonus sent ambassadors to him, to expostulate with him for having laid siege to a Greek town without any provocation, and to require him to give up his satrapy, to retain only one town for his own maintenance, and henceforth to live as a private individual. Arrhidæus rejected these demands with scorn, prepared for war, and allied himself with Eumenes. Antigonus himself marched to Lydia against Clitus, but sent a military force against Arrhidæus, who seems to have been defeated, for a short time after, it is related that he had taken refuge in the town of Cius. Polysperchon supported him, and when he sent out his admiral, Clitus, to protect the countries on the Hellespont, he ordered him to strengthen himself with the troops of Arrhidæus. What became of Arrhidæus afterwards is not known. (Diodorus Siculus, xviii. 36, 39, 51, 52, 72; Justin, xiii. 4; Photius, Biblioth. Cod. 92.) L. S. A'RRIA GENS, probably plebeian. It appears to have been a very obscure gens, for the first member of it that we hear of in Roman history is Quintus Arrius, who was prætor in B.C. 72. L. S. A'RRIA the wife of Cæcina Pætus, in the reign of the emperor Claudius. In A.D. 42, when her husband was commanded by the emperor to put an end to his life, Arria plunged a dagger into her own breast, and then handing it to her husband, called out to him, "It does not pain me, Pætus." Her daughter, who was likewise called Arria, and was married to Thrasea, would have followed the example of her mother, when Thrasea was sentenced to death, in A.D. 67, if her friends had not dissuaded her. (Pliny, Epistolæ, iii. 16; Dion Cassius, Ix. 16; Zonaras, xi. 9; Martial, i. 14; Tacitus, Annales, xvi. 34.) L. S. ARRIA'GA, GONZALEZ DE, was born of noble parents, at Burgos in Castile. He became a Dominican friar, gained great fame as a preacher, and held several distinguished offices in his order. He was one of the censors of the Inquisition, and rector of the college of Saint Thomas in Madrid. He died in 1657, leaving but one published work: "Santo Thomas de Aquino, Doctor Angelico de la Iglesia, en Vida y Doctrina predicado," 2 vols. fol., Madrid, vol. i. 1648, vol. ii. 1651. (N. Antonius, Bibliotheca Hispana Nova; Moreri, Dictionnaire Historique.) W. S. ARRIA'GA, JUAN CHRISOSTOME DE, was born at Bilboa, in 1808, and from his infancy exhibited the most decided turn and talent for music. He wrote an opera when an uninstructed boy, which contained such unusual evidences of genius that he was sent to the Conservatoire at Paris to study harmony under Fétis and the violin under Baillot. In a few months he had acquired |