Pantaleon is one of the fourteen saints of the Catholic Church (Achatius, Aegidius, Blasius, Christophorus, Cyriacus, Dionysius, The Library. Palladii Dialogus de Vita S. Joannis Chrysostomi. Edited with revised Text, Introduction and Notes by P. R. Coleman-Norton. (Cambridge University Press. 15s.). E looked forward with more than ordinary of the new text of this famous biography. Seven or eight years ago a translation of it into English by the Rev. Herbert Moore was brought but by the S.P.C.K., and a good deal Erasmus, Eustachius, Georgius, Pantaleon, of work has been recently done upon it, as Vitus, Barbara, Catharina and Margareta), also upon the other works ascribed to Palwhich are named Helpers in Need. He ladius, and upon what is known of his life. suffered a martyr's death under Maximianus. His commemoration day is the 27 July. See H. Weber's book, 'Die Verehrung der heiligen vierzehn Nothelfer" (Kempten 1886). This saint is by no way in connection with the two pre-Christian Pantaleons. Olomouc, Czechoslovakia. OTTO F. BABLER. CHURCHES WITH SHOPS ATTACHED (cliv. 189, 249, 431, clv. 14). -Mr. Clement Charles Dickens's Heaton, in an article on visit to Lausanne, published in the Italian Mail and Tribune of July 14, writes : "Of the town of Lausanne, of which he (Charles ausanne, Dickens) always spoke with affection, he writes to a friend that he had never seen so many book shops in so small a space. The steep streets and the dilapidated state of the churches, the crypts of many serving as stores for the tradespeople, also called forth observ ation." Α. Η. JENISON SHAFTO (cliv. 353, clv. 123).Jenison of Elswick co. Northumberland, descended from Ralph Jenison, Mayor of Newcastle-on-Tyne 1597, third son of Robert Jenison of Yokeflete [co. York]; the heiress of this branch, Mary, sister and heiress of Ralph Jenison of Elswick and Walworth, M.P. co. Northumberland and Master of the Buckhounds to George II, married Robert Shafto Esq. of Benwell co. Northumberland; arms-azure a bend between two swans argent." Burke's 'General Armory, 1878. G. S. G. AUTHOR WANTED (cliv. 84). -I have not observed that the reference has been given to this well-known line: "Swift shuttles of an Empire's loom that weave us, main to main." It is the third verse in the fifth stanza of Mr. Kipling's fine poem, 'The Coastwise Lights' in 'The Seven Seas.' EDWY GODWIN CLAYTON. The story of St. Chrysostom is one of those great passages in history upon which many lines converge, so that it opens up for us not only the inter-play of vigorous and extraordinary persons, and of warring theories, but also the character and temper of the times, and something of the relations between East and West, to say nothing about the commanding charm of St. Chrysostom himself, and the terrible adversities he had to pass through. concerns However, in the new volume before us, the principal new contribution rather Palladius has long been, is still officially, under a cloud. Despite his friendship with St. Chrysostom, the incurrence of deprivation and endurance of many hardships on account of it, and the subsequent restoration to the exercise of his episcopate, he has come down to us as something of a heretic, as an Origenist and a Pelagian. Dr. ColemanNorton sets out-briefly in the text of his Introduction, more fully in his footnotes-the virtual nullity of the basis for his alleged Pelagianism. The accusation can be traced no further back than Baronius, who misread some words in St. Jerome's Dialogue against the Pelagian which refer to Palladiuuan fact accuse of Origenism, not of ism at all. The accusation of Origenism is both better sustained and more instructive to consider, but seems at last, particularly under Dom Butler's searching examination, to resolver itself into that admirationine Origen as a thinker, which, with a clear-sighted refusal to be carried away by him, must, in our modern eyes redound to credit and go to prove both the loyalty to truth and the intellectual generosity of the leaders of the Church of the day-among them St. Chrysostom himself. On the traditional ascription of the 'Dialogus' to Palladius there is nothing fresh brought forward, the conclusion of a survey of facts and probabilities remaining in its favour. It is the work certainly of an intimate of St. Chrysostom's who had observed his every-day life; knew the turn of his mind, his ideas about ordinary affairs; his personal habits; was of standing, spiritual and temporal, near enough to him to love him with brotherliness as well as reverence, or even as his present editor thinks, to have been, as one so familiar easily might be, imperfectly aware of his friend's true greatness. It is to be noted that, save for the appearance of St. Basiliskos on his last day, warning St. Chrysostom: "Be of good cheer, brother John, for to-morrow we shall be with one another," he records almost nothing in the way of visions, or miracles. often ran down into a liberty of idea and expression which, not devoid of vigour, truth and eloquence, yet suffered diminution from the throwing off of restraint. Mr. Ball's Introduction does full justice to what Ruskin was and what he gave to the world, and he has done a notable service in spite of modern divergence from Ruskin's standpoint as a critic-in putting together the most important and a large number of the secondary, utterances on literature of a thinker, whose influence, though it may be overlaid or opposed, must count among the per On the question of the date of the 'Dialogus,' after going through the many considerations urged in favour of this or that year, Dr. Coleman-Norton pronounces in favour of some time not much later than 408. The strongest | manent factors of English literary conscious argument in favour of the early date to our thinking, lies in the defensive attitude clearly perceptible in the work, which would have been unnecessary, even inappropriate, after the restoration of St. Chrysostom's name to the diptychs of the Churches. Dr. Coleman-Norton's Introduction gives full details of the literary sources upon which Palladius drew, as these may be traced in the 'Dialogus,' as also of the eight known MSS. of the work, and of the five printed editions, of which the first was Bigot's published at Paris in 1680 from the MS. at Florence, the only one which contains the complete text. No properly critical edition, with collation of the MSS., and with commentary and adequate notes has till now been made. The last edition was Migne's, which incorporated correction of earlier editors offended by the roughness of the text in the MS. These the present edition has again eliminated, the editor's purpose being "to arrive at a text which reproduces as nearly as possible what Palladius wrote, rather than what he should have written." Mr. Moore, commenting on the frequent grammatical errors in the Dialogus,' would explain them as arising from dictation, which is certainly plausible. At the same time a certain mental embarrassment, which rather enhances than diminishes the life and warmth of the narrative, appears to have a good share in these defects, as it has in the abruptness wont to be shown in the most moving parts of the story-notably in the description of St. Chrysostom's death, which tails off into quotations from scripture. A particular excellence of this edition is the abundance of references, whether in foot-notes, notes or indexes. Ruskin as Literary Critic. Selections edited by A. H. R. Ball. (Cambridge University Press. 4s. 6d.). THIS book concludes with few miscellaneous 1 definitions and aphorisms, of which the final one is that dictum from The Two Paths': "Throughout the world, of the two abstract things, liberty and restraint, restraint is always the more honourable." Ruskin as a critic of literature furnishes illustration of the principle. His mind affords one of the finest examples of what we may call innate austerity that the world of art and thought has ever been called upon to recognise: its superficial action The Scots Mercat Cross," an Inquiry as to its Origin and Meaning. By William George Black. (Glasgow. William Hodge and Co. 2s. 6d.). THE problem is many-sided and leads much further back than the term cross" would suggest, for under it are included pillar stones and other monumental stones of pagan origin; and, indeed, the primary characteristics of all market crosses are shaft; stone which serves as socket; steps and emblem at the top of the shaft which so far from being always a cross is characteristically, a pine cone. This brief but substantial study criticises some recent ideas on the subject; and makes some good suggestions for further research. The most interesting pages are those which, by aid of M. D'Alviella's work, connect the Scottish market crosses with the perrons of Belgium. WHEN answering a query, or referring to an article which has already appeared, pondents are requested to give within parentheses immediately after the exact headingthe numbers of the series, volume, and page at which the contribution in question is to be found. anWHEN sending at letter to are re be forwarded to quested to put in the top left-hand corner of the envelope the number of the page of N. & Q.' to which the letter refers. The Publisher will be pleased to forward free specimen copies of 'N. and Q.' to any addresses of friends which readers may like to send to him. Printed and Published by The Bucks Free Press, Ltd., at their Offices, 20, High Street, High Wycombe, in the County of Bucks. Rates } per line. 1s. 10d. 9d. 8d. 7d. The line is of about 7 words. CONTENTS. No. 10. MEMORABILIA :-163. NOTES:-Shelley's 'The Question,' 165-Berkeley Hunting Papers, 169. QUERIES:-Regiments: Duke of Wellington's, Prince of Wales' - Sir George Carr of DublinMartin Lister: portrait wanted-' St. Hugues denouncing the Shepherd Cormayeur '-Horace Mann on the Pretender-Mount Coffee houseChristian Family, 171-Captain Lindegren-Anthony Marks in the Civil War-Folk-lore: walking under a ladder-The Window-tax-The Monastery of Iona-Junius: copy presented by Sir Philip to Lady Francis, 172-John FairfaxReferences wanted - Sources wanted - Author wanted, 173. REPLIES:-Colonel Elizeus Burges, 173-Sir Nicholas Malby-Malebisse and Beckwith Arms, 174-English officers in the Austrian Service'Poems for young ladies': 'John Gilpin's Race' -Arms "belonging" to lands-De Vere FamilyEdward Baber-Modern Latin, 175-The use of lemon with fish-Engraving; indentification wanted-Early Christianity in the British Isles, 176-Armada Bonfires-Trees and their ownersThe Silver Oar: Execution Dock-Myrc, 177-The First Gold-Catalogue of Oxford University Graduates, 1728-The Mingled Web-Scrap Books, 178-Rain-making-Authors wanted, 179. THE LIBRARY:-'A History of the Parish of Standish, Lancashire '-' Imhotep.' THE following numbers and Volume Indices the TWELFTH SERIES or the complete Please send offers to "NOTES & QUERIES," 20, High Street, High Wycombe, Bucks. THIS WEEK: Shelley's 'The Question' Berkeley Hunting Papers The Monastery of lona TOTES AND QUERIES 165 169 172 is published every N Friday, at 20, High Street, High Wycombe, Bucks (Telephone: Wycombe 306). Subscriptions (£2 2s. a year, U.S.A. $10.50, including postage, two half-yearly indexes and two cloth binding cases, or £1 15s. 4d. a year, U.S.A. $9, without binding cases) should be sent to the Manager. The London Office is at 14, Burleigh W.C.2 (Telephone: Chancery 8766), where threcurrent issue is on sale. Orders for back numbers, indexes and bound volumes should be sent either to London or to Wycombe; letters for the Editor to the London Office. Memorabilia. IN the September Fortnightly is an article on 'Dante in Modern Italy, which claims for the mighty Florentine a more actual and direct domination over the youthful thought of Italy than perhaps English observers have millions: an realised to be the case. Mr. R. E. Gordon George tells us that there is no educated man or woman in Italy who has not studied the 'Divina Commedia.' It is the possession of a whole people, now numbering close on forty and," Mr. George goes on, "when an Englishman thinks how little interwhen an Englishmanthineehati young compatriot, except in Universities, he is amazed to hear long passages from the 'Inferno' recited by the young engineer at afternoon call, or by the commercial traveller in the train through the Tyrol on his way to buy screws in Germany. Nothing but appreciation could have stored these vibrating lines in the memory of years; nothing but surviving enthusiasm could explain the dramatic vigour with which young Italians are in the habit of declaiming them." It is interesting to learn that boys in the secondary schools of Italy begin to study Dante in their sixteenth year, coming to him after some reading in Virgil and Horace, in Carducci, Leopardi, Tasso, Ariosto, and having read earlier 'I Promessi Sposi,' "that absorbing historical romance which is more widely known in Italy than any other masterpiece of literature." It is difficult, we believe, in England now to get the young to read Scott; and both this continued popularity of the old romance and the readiness to declaim poetry clearly mark at least a deep-going difference between the youth of modern Italy and the youth of England. FEW of the objects surviving from the eighteenth century are more fascinating than the square piano. Mr. Philip B. James has an article upon it in the September Connoisseur. It seems to have been made first soon after the middle of the century at Leipzig-a development from the clavichord ; and in about ten years after its invention was brought by Johann Zumpe to England, where it became very popular. Nowadays, however, it is commonly called by a wrong name, and thereby made party to a rather stupid confusion, being known as a spinet. A spinet is instrument of fundamentally different action, for its strings, instead of being struck by hammers as are the strings of a piano, are plucked, like those of the virginal and the harpsichord, by "jacks," that is points of crow-quill or leather fixed into slips of wood. Mr. James illustrates his article with inter an A CORRESPONDENT (Mr.H. Squire of Beckenham) sends an interesting letter to the Morning Post (Sept. 3) about the melancholy character of English and Scottish popular songs. He says that at Brighton or Blackpool or in any London tavern we may invariably hear our countrymen "voicing their holiday pleasure in the dreariest of mournful numbers." "Was this always so," or has our national spirit minor key by the war? Or jazz, of what Mr. Paul an expression of the he goes on to ask, been turned into a is it a reflex of Whiteman calls American soul? saxophone wail so much in his records he says it represents the dissatisfaction and yearning in the modern world." The letter writer finds, in his recording experience, that the real folk songs of modern England are 'Parted,' 'Absent,' 'Two Eyes of Grey,' The Rosary,' and the like, and tells us that the most popular Christmas song is The Miner's Dream of Home.” But this pecularity is perhaps human rather than merely British; and of all time rather than merely modern. "Ich weiss nicht was soll es bedeuten Dass ich so traurig bin" has always been one of the inquiries which have fascin Asked why he uses the |