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counteract the depressing effect of 'Sufficient unto the Day,' could he have written more to the purpose? But where is the vague unsatisfied sexual emotion " of Mr. Barnefield? Where is the saturation with loveinterest which Edward Carpenter finds in all Shelley's poems? Indeed, who at a first glance would believe that there is here so little of sex and so much of philosophy; that we have in these forty lines the heroism that gaily faces all the winds that blow, passing, through human weakness, admitted frankly and without remorse, to the attainment of creative meditation and enduring peace?

It is often asked: If Shelley had lived to old age how would he have developed? Have we not in this poem his own answer to the question?

But this answer must be viewed in conjunction with two earlier utterances. As a boy Shelley had dedicated himself to wisdom, justice, freedom, gentleness. ('Revolt of Islam, dedication,' st. iv). At the age of twenty

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four he confirmed and renewed this self-dedication. ('Hymn to Intellectual Beauty,' v, vi, vii). And now at the age of twenty-eight he shows that by Intellectual Beauty he means the ordered beauty of the Creative Mind as symbolised by the flowers in their natural bowers;" and he declares once more that the whole task of his life is to show forth in it this same order and beauty, the likeness of the Power that had given him life, (in Scripture phrase, "to do the will of the Father ").

I believe he meant what he said, and that if his life had been prolonged it would still have been devoted gently and resolutely to the perfecting of his "nosegay." And the flowers most dearly prized therein would evermore have been those "streaked with gold" and the floating water-lilies."

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But 'The Question' was a progression from the lowliest to the loftiest; from the flo flowers, through their design, to the Designer. Here it touched the Infinite and left it: "kissed it and then fled." Had Shelley lived, the progression would have continued to the end;

but never in words would he have carried his approach to the Infinite beyond that question: "To Whom?" For he held that "the secrets of the connection between God and the world .. were not to be explained or even to be conceived"; and that "where indefiniteness ends idolatry and anthropomorphism begin."*

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ARNOLD EILOART.

Essay on Christianity.'

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Itm for 2 falcons hoods 2 leases 2 paire of fawlkons gesses a paire of lureing bells a paire of flying bells 2 sparhawks hoods 1 paire of gesses a hawking glove a hawking purse a pair of creans a paire of Canvass baggs 18 imping needlest with a box to put those things in, and a lure with green silk strings 17/10

[This entry occurs in an account for law causes.]

June 23, Given in reward at Sr Thos. Lees when my Lo hunted in ffletchamsteed pke‡

To Mr. Candish Musitions

*

15/

2/6

Lygon, steward of household, signs an

acquittance dated Dec. 15 1613 for a legacy

left him by Lord Berkeley. He is described as "his servant in household in the place or roome of a gentleman." Several Lygons are mentioned holding similar offices, one of them, Harrie Lygon, was keeper of Berkeley Castle about this time.

† Imping needle=a thin piece of metal used as a dowel to join a hawk's broken wing feather. Imp out our drooping country's broken wing." - Richard II,' II. iv.

+ Fletchampstead park was part of the manor of Stoneley in Warwickshire the seat of the Lees.

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Acquittance for wages and a legacy signed by Anthony Conand, Henry Lord Berkeley's huntsman:

XVto die Decembris 1613 Anno XI° Jacobi. 6.13.4

Received the daie and yeare aboue written by me Anthony Conannt yeoman of Sir Willm Cooke and Sr Thomas Estcourt Knights executors of the last will and testeament of the right hble Henry Lo Berkeley the Some of three pounds sixe Shillings and eightpence of lawful English money for one yeare and a quarters wages dewe unto me from the Said Lord Berkeley And Also the like some of three pounds sixe Shillings and eightpence given and bequeathed by the said Lo Berkeley in his last will and testament unto mee being his servant in household in the place or roome of a YEOMAN at the time of his decease, whereof and of all other Somes of money and demands I doo release and discharge the said executors by theis presents. witness whereof I have hereto put my hand and seale the daie and yeare above written.

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SIR GEORGE CARR OF DUBLIN.-He
was born in 1602, the only surviving son
of William Carr of Ecclesfield, and of Dar-
He
ton, in the West Riding, yeoman.
became Clerk of the Hanaper and Secretary
of State in Ireland, and was knighted.
has not found a place in the 'D. N. B.' He
was probably in the service of Sir Thomas
Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, when that
nobleman was governing Ireland.

He

I should

be much obliged if any of your readers could tell me when he became Secretary, and on what occasion he was knighted. Did he accompany Sir Thomas Wentworth to Ireland in 1633 on his appointment as Lord Deputy? Or was he living in Ireland before that date? He is said to have been Joint Clerk of the Council of Munster 1620-1663, but this date does not seem quite accurate, as he was buried

in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, 3 Aug.,

1662. Is there a monumental inscription in the cathedral? Does a portrait of him exist?

S. O. ADDY.

MARTIN LISTER: PORTRAIT WANTED. -I am anxious to learn whether a portrait exists of Martin Lister, zoologist and physician, who lived from 1638 to 1712. He was born at Radclive, Bucks, and was the son of Sir Martin Lister and the nephew of Sir Matthew Lister. He was made a Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, by royal mandate in 1660, and proceeded M.A. in 1662; elected F.R.S. in 1670/1, and settled at York where he practised medicine until 1683. The following year he came to London and was created M.D. by the University of Oxford at the recommendation of the chancellor; he also became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and later was chosen Censor. As medical adviser he accompanied the Earl of

Portland on an embassy to Paris, where he stayed six months; in 1707 he was appointed second physician to Queen Anne. Lister died at Epsom 2 Feb. 1712, and was buried in Clapham Church.

T.

S. WOOD.

ST SHUGUES DENOUNCING THE

Sir John Soane's Museum, 13, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C.2, on the ground floor in the "New Students' Study," is a large watercolour by J. M. W. Turner, R.A., Valley of Aosta: "St. Hughes denouncing the Shepherd of Cormayer"." 1803 (the Academy year). An old catalogue says "Chamonix."

After examining innumerable guide-books, I cannot find that any saint of that or similar name visited this place or the Valley. Saints Didier, Remy, Bernard of Menthon, Anselm, and Francis of Sales were connected with the neighbourhood, but I cannot find anything connecting them with the now unknown crime. Possibly the picture is described in the Turner volume of Ruskin, but only from an artistic point of view. Any clue might interest your readers as it would myself.

CHARLES G. STUART-MENTETH.

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HORACE MANN ON THE PRETENDER.
-A fresh reading of 'The King Over the
Water,' by Miss Shield and Andrew Lang,
Writing in 1753,
has this reference, p. 454 :
Horace Mann our representative at Genoa
says that the Pretender is in Ireland." Can
any reader throw light on this? F. E. L.
MOUNT COFFEE HOUSE. What is the
meaning of this word? Lord Glenbervie
(Journals ii. 160) wrote 3 July, 1815, from
Geneva, that Lord Byron was there, but cut
by all the English travellers. "They tell
strange adventures of his at Dejean's Inn.
He is now living at a Villa in the Savoy
side of the lake with that woman, who it
seems proves to be a Mrs. Shelley, wife to the
man who keeps the Mount Coffee house."
Byron uses the word later in 'Don Juan.'
(I. cxliv):

And Lord Mount Coffeehouse, the Irish peer,
Who killed himself for love (with wine) last
year.
A. FRANCIS STEUART.
CHRISTIAN HRISTIAN FAMILY. - On July 3,
1875, a picture of Lady Gordon and her
son by Reynolds was sold at Christie's for
£354 to the late Mr. Bischoffsheim (and was
sold at the latter's sale on May 7, 1926, for

£1,155 to Gooden and Fox). It had belonged to a Mr. Christian, in whose family it had been since his birth. Who was this Mr. Christian?

J. M. BULLOCH.

CAPTAIN LINDEGREN.-" C. Lindegren, formerly captain in the East India Company's service at Chelsea, on Feb. 24, 1848, aged 63" (Gentleman's Magazine, lxxxviii, pt. i. 469). What is known of his career and family? I think he was related to a Miss Anna Christiana Lindegren, West Tilbury, to whom the Rev. Sir Adam Gordon left a

legacy (Will proved Nov. 24, 1817). Was Miss Lindegren connected with the family of Christian?

J. M. BULLOCH.

ANTHONY MARKS IN THE CIVIL WAR. In the Calendar of Committee for advance of money, 1642-1656, Part iii, p. 1415, is the following entry:

28 Novr 1651. (Antonius) Marks Walsall co. Stafford.

That Marks late clerk to Sir Walter Wriothesley and now to Captain Stone of Walsall in 1643 exercised his skill in the King's defence, and wrote a commission for Wriothesley to nominate officers and raise

men in Seisdon Hundred and exercise them.

Is anything known of Anthony Marks and whether he was fined.? Is there record of any proceedings against him?

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THE MONASTERY OF IONA. The foundation of the monastery of Iona is generally attributed to Saint Columba, who landed there in the year 563 or 565. But it would appear from a passage in 'The History of Scotland,' by George Buchanan, an eminent writer of the sixteenth century, that there was a monastery there some two centuries before Columba's time. Buchanan states that after the defeat of the Scots by the Roman general Maximus (in 382), the priests and monks were severely treated by the Picts (though the latter then professed the Christian religion), and were chased into all the surrounding regions.

In the course of their dispersion several of them happened to land upon the island of Iona, one of the Æbudæ [as Buchanan called the Hebrides], and, being there collected into a monastery, transmitted to posterity the great fame of their sanctity and erudition.

Buchanan was a very careful writer, and we may be sure that he had good authority for this statement, which puts back the history of monasticism in Scotland to a very early period. Can his authority be traced? It may be noted that the Scottish historian does not say whether the monastery was actually established by the above-mentioned fugitive priests and monks, or whether it was already in existence at the time of their arrival. In any case, it will be interesting if this early foundation can be clearly established. In the 'Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics,' ed. Hastings, viii, 1913, p. 791, we are told that monasticism was introduced into Britain by St. Germanus, Bishop of Auxerre, who came in 430 (should be 429). He came from the Pope at Rome; but this old Iona monastery belonged to the ancient British Church, and, as was the case with Columba, must have been introduced from Ireland. It owed no allegiance to Rome. FREDK. A. EDWARDS.

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JOHN FAIRFAX. - John Fairfax was an officer in the Hon. East India Company's service-a Cadet of 1767. He was, therefore, probably born about 1750.

The dates of his commissions are: -Ensign, 26 July, 1767; Lieutenant, 25 April, 1769; Captain, 9 May, 1777; Major, 27 July, 1781.

Replies.

COLONEL ELIZEUS BURGES

(clv. 82).

He served in the 1st Rohilla War, in the SIXTWyears ago gentespondente,

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he

8th Battalion of Sepoys. He was sent home with Government Dispatches in 1782, and died in England on 2 Jan., 1784.

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To what branch of the Fairfax family did he belong? Information is asked for.

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and in 1913 the present writer referred (11 S. viii. 366) to the paper mentioned below. Col. Burges had a somewhat interesting career, and a little over two centuries ago he greatly stirred the political dovecotes of Massachusetts. The name of course occurs under various forms, but that given in this heading is perhaps the best, though occasionally he was called "Elisha" Burges.

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adjutant general under the earl of Peterborough"; in 1708 Lord Tunbridge's Regiment of Dragoons embarked for Spain, and on Sept. 8, 1711, Burges was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel. While in Spain he also served under General (later Earl) Stanhope, who, soon after becoming second Secretary of State late in 1714, offered Burges the governorship of Massachusetts and New Hampshire. At that time, then, Burges had had a successful career in the army extending over nearly a quarter of a century. Feb. 15, 1715, Countess Cowper wrote:

On

I came mightly ill to Court, and the Duchess of Shrewsbury had so much Humanity as to wait out my Week for me. As I was going through the Rooms, I met Baron Bernsdorff [German Minister of George I]. I told him that my Lord [first Earl Cowper] had ordered me to speak to him to hinder Mr. Burgess from going Governor to New England. He is the most immoral Man in the World; was tried for the Murder of two Men, and was so common a Swearer that the People, who are rigid Puritans, and left the Kingdom before the Civil Wars, to enjoy their own Way of Worship, would look at his being sent over as a Judgment upon them.

If these charges were true, the people of Massachusetts, when they became acquainted with the facts, would certainly have egarded the appointment of Burges in the light indicated by Countess Cowper. Burges may or may not have been immoral and a common swearer"; but that at least the charge

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A ing?" Amore amoris Tui mundo moriar in regard to the murders was substantially qui amore amoris mei dignatus es in Cruce

mori."

W. H. W.

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