pilotage* that is, navigation in its widest sense, and for the matter of that, ordinary pilotage also, where little is required other than knowledge of local conditions some skill in handling vessels in waters-can adequately imagine the conseequately quence of the change from "Port" and Starboard" "Red" and "Green" or other such new helm orders as the responsible committee may decide upon. to It was due to William B. McClintock, 1st Lieutenant (from 3 June, 1831 onward) of H.M.S. Samarung (28 guns, 6th rate, built at Cochin, India, by the Surveyors of the Navy, 1822-length 115 ft. 8 ins., keel 94 ft. 83 ins., beam 31 ft. 10 ins., depth of hold 9 ft., burthen (500) tons, commanded by Captain Charles Henry Paget) that the helm order Port" was first introduced to supersede the helm order "Larboard," so that if the present helm order "Port" is replaced by a different order it will not have been in ordinary use at sea for 100 years. This Samarang replaced a vessel said to have been named Scipio, 18, brig sloop, captured from the Dutch by Psyche, 38, on * See John Davis the Navigator, in 'The Seaman's Secrets,' 1607; 'The Pilote in the execution of Navigation,' etc. 1 Sept., 1807, and added to the Royal Navy as Samarang. She fought at Java 1807, East Indies 1810, and Java 1811. The second and last Samarang was commanded by the surveyor Sir Edward Belcher, Knt., and was surveying in Chinese waters, 1842 until paid off in January, 1847. Her honours included Chuenpee Forts 1841, Sarawak 1844, and Malluda Bay 1844-5. JOHN A. RUPERT-JONES. LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU Lady Mary Wortley Montagu has often been compared to our Mme de Sévigné. In spite of her literary accomplishments, Madame de Sévigné-who, who, by the way, had been a précieuse (see Saumaise's 'Dictionnaire des Précieuses')-writes for literary effect, lacks too often sincerity; besides, her letters were show-pieces," circulated among her friends. Patriotism and literature have nothing to do with each other. I prefer Lady Mary, with her breadth of judg AND MADAME DE SEVIGNE. ment and accurate vision of things. "Madame de Sévigné's letters are very pretty, but I assert without vanity that mine will be full as entertaining forty years hence." (Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, 1726). Again: "Mme de Sévigné, who only gives us in a lively manner and fashionable phrases, mean sentiments, vulgar prejudices, and endless repetitions. Sometimes the tittle-tattle of a fine lady, sometimes that of an old nurse, yet well gilt over with airy expressions and a flowing style." (July 20, 1754). i The writer of the above extract states that Readers' Queries. FLEURS-DE-LIS IN THE ARMS OF THOMAS GUY.-A friend has recently he is over 80 years of age, and appears to given me a beautiful coloured lithograph of speak from personal knowledge. Harpenden. BERNARD P. SCATTERGOOD. CHANGING LONDON. - The Shoeblack. Our leading photographic journal states that there used to be 1,500 of these in London, but now there are about 100, and they are diminishing in number each year. The Central Shoeblacks (red) originated in 1851, at the time of the Great Exhibition, and have since done good reformatory and public service. A coloured plate of one is in 'Living London' (Sims), iii, 257. East London members affected blue, Marylebone white, and King's Cross brown coats. These, and the street orderly brigade, should be photographed as records. 0 J. ARDAGH. UR GRANDMOTHER'S SLANG.-Just as it is the custom to refer to days that are gone as "the good old times," so it is the fashion to hold up the modes and manners of our grandmothers as a pattern of propriety. We are told that those dear old ladies would have raised their hands in horror, (or used them to cover their blushes) at the dress of the girls of this generation, and, when the blushes had faded away they would have stuffed their fingers in their ears to prevent them hearing the slang of the present day maiden. We are led to believe that this same slang is a new thing; that cultured ladies of a century ago were able to express themselves well in the best and purest English. Well! this week I have been reading 'Life in London,' by P. Egan, published in 1821 (a classic in contemporary slang), and I have come across the following, which will be rather a revelation to those who speak of to-day's decadence: A kind of cant phraseology is current from one end of the Metropolis to the other. Indeed, even in the Lord Chesterfield, he complained of it. In some females of the highest rank, it is as strongly marked, as in dingy draggle-tailed Sall the former in her dislikes tossing her head observes, it was shocking, quite a bore, beastly, stuff, etc., etc. The Duchess at an opera, informs the Counevening with as much sang froid as Carrotty Poll mentions the lark' to a Coster-monger she was engaged in tess of a row which occurred on the last Norton-on-Tees. J. FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. an the late nineteenth century of the arms of Thomas Guy, the founder of Guy's Hospital. The shield bears a man's full face, thrice repeated, bearded, and crowned with antique crown-and is supported by two angels. Above is a female figure nursing three little children; beneath is the motto: Dare quam accipere, and across the shield is a chevron with the three fleurs-de-lis of the royal family of France, and also, for many generations, of England. Below is the following description: "These are the Arms, Crest, Supporters and motto belonging to the Hospital in the Parish of St. Thomas in Southwark; founded by Thomas Guy of the City of London, Esq. Witness my Hand. John Anstis Garter (King of Arms)." There is no date given, but on referring to the College of Arms, I am told that the arms were granted on the 21st day of May, 1725, to Thomas Guy's executors: this grant is not mentioned in Anstis's 'Register of the Order of the Garter,' which was published in 1724. Now Thomas Guy was also a Governor of St. Thomas's Hospital, and the three fleursde-lis appear on the arms of that institution, but in a different manner, thus: On a chief, the Tudor rose between two fleurs-de-lis, below is the third much reduced in size, beneath is a cross. Any information about the inscription will be welcome to JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT. BARON FRIEDEL, ARTIST. I desire particulars of a Baron Friedel, who was travelling in Greece at the time of the Revolu JANITOR OF THE TOWER OF WIND SOR CASTLE. My maternal grandfather held, among other Court offices, the post of Janitor of the Tower of Windsor Castle. I cannot find in my books of refer tion. I possess a letter written by him, dated, ence, any allusion to it. I should value any Cephalonia, March, 1824, to a gentleman holding an official position in one of the Ionian Islands, in which he mentions, amongst other matters, that he has had conferences with Byron and Mavrocordato. General Gordon (the author of the 'History of the Greek Revolution '), in a letter to the information respecting it. My mother used to tell me that it meant keeping the key-for which he received £80 a year; a mere sincure. I have a portrait of my grandfather in the picturesque Windsor uniform. In which reign was this uniform adopted ? J. P. BACON PHILLIPS. [RONSIDE OF H.E.I.C.S. BENGAL: Colonel Gilbert Ironside, gentleman referred to above, dated, Cairness, IRONSIDEALS September, 1827, says: “During my absence CONFEDERATE STATES' FLAGS. Can any reader help towards the identification of the event depicted in the following picture? The subject is the bombardment of some forts defending a river-mouth with a town in the background; the banks of the river are flat and the bed of the river appears to be staked as though to indicate channel between mudbanks. a One of the forts is flying two flags, (1) a white flag bearing in the upper corner near the staff a red canton charged with a blue St. Andrew's cross; (2) a blue (or dark green) flag bearing a white tree; in the upper corner near the staff a white crescent, the points turned towards the staff. The bombardment is being carried out by a of the Bengal Establishment, H.E.I.C.S., left by his will, proved in 1802, his military journals and diaries to his brother-in-law, Colonel Roger Elliott Roberts, who was a son of the Rev. Robert Roberts, Vicar of Aldford, Cheshire. Can any reader inform me of the present whereabouts of these journals and diaries? C. A. HIGGINS. RESERVED RENTS IN 1800. from the tenant of the house now forming part of the Woodstock Arms (public house). Are there any similar records? J. W. F. WILLIAM, PRIOR AND BISHOP.-Suffragan Bishop of Durham, he was also Prior of the Augustinian Priory of Brinkburn in Northumberland, where he died in 1483, in the church of which is his memorial slab. Can any one give his surname, or any further particulars of him? J. W. FAWCETT. PHILIP DAVEY. De la Pryme, in a local history which he wrote about 1698 makes mention of Philip Davey as having carried out the reparation of the great church of Barton-upon-Humber on the grant of the Manor by Edward II to Henry Lord Beaumont in 1307. De la Pryme's statement is said to embody a respectable tradition and to be based upon Camden. Is anything known of Philip Davey, or of other churches built by him? Not often is it possible to recover even the names of the great architects of the Gothic period. Barton-on-Humber. LANCASTER AUTHORS. W. E. VARAH. Biographical details are sought of the following, who appear to have had some association with our county town: Joseph Benson, author of 'The Battle of Flodden Field in 1513: an heroic poem collected from Antient Manuscripts,' 8vo., wrapper. Lancaster, 1805. Dr. P. A. H. Mahon, ‘An Essay on the signs of murder in new-born children,' translated by Christopher Johnson, surgeon, Lancaster. 8vo., cloth. Lancaster, 1813. Mary Wilson (of Lancaster). 8vo., cloth gilt. Manchester, 1844. Please reply direct. Oakrigg, Lancaster. Poems, T. CANN HUGHES, F.S.A. 'AUTRES TEMPS, AUTRES MOEURS." In I am interested in the peculiar psychology of what might be called Demodéism throughout the centuries, and wish to make a collection of evidences of it. Rome I have many references of such in my library, but here in France my books are not with me, and the only two examples I have lately come across are in a very able and intensely timely letter, or rather article, in The Sunday Pictorial, of June 3 this year, by Mr. Edward Cecil, deploring the degeneracy of the times under the heading 'Gentlemen in danger of becoming extinct'; and the following reference in the 'Memoirs of Mme De Motteville,' regarding the Maréchal De Bassompierre in the reign of Louis XIV: information is desired about this book. It was published in 1871, and apparently was DICKSON FAMILY OF HESLINGTON, YORKS. I am anxious to trace the name of the parents, and earlier forbears, of three brothers, William, John and George Dickson, who left Scotland hurriedly at the end of the seventeenth or beginning of the eighteenth century. They fought for the King of England and obtained grants of land at Dunnington, Langwith, and Wheldrake, Heslington, in recognition of their bravery AUTHOR WANTED. I shall be grateful to and prowess. It is understood that they are buried in Heslington Churchyard. JAMES SETON-ANDERSON. Hon. Editor of the Journal of the Society of Army Historical Research. reader who will help me to the name of the author of How like a winter hath your absence been." A. D. C. こ Replies. TRINITY SUNDAY (cliv. 441). THE answer to A. D. T.'s question is bound Cluniacs before 1090. a An appeal to Pope Alexander II (1061-1073) to include the feast in the Roman calendar was refused on the ground that there was no more need to celebrate a special feast in honour of the Blessed Trinity than to celebrate one in honour of the Unity of God, especially as the Church daily paid special homage to the Blessed Trinity in all the functions of her liturgy. At the same time he did not forbid it in those places where it was celebrated. Meanwhile the feast gained ground. At first there was no uniformity in the date on which the feast was kept: in some places on the First Sunday after Pentecost, in others the Last Sunday after Pentecost, in others again on both dates. Finally, in 1334, Pope John XXII issued a decree wherein the of Rome accepted the feast, extended its observance to all the churches, and ordered it to be kept on the First Sunday after Pentecost. In England the feast was introduced by St. Thomas of Canterbury, who established it in his diocese in 1162, in memory of his consecration as Bishop on the First Sunday after Pentecost. A successor, the Franciscan John Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury (1278-1292) composed a new office for the feast. The institution of the feast did not alter the old enumeration of the Sundays after Pentecost in the Roman calendar, but in Germany, and a few other places, the custom arose to reckon the Sunday after Trinity. The Church of England adopted the latter method. In pre-Reformation England the method of calculating the Sundays between Pentecost and Advent was not uniform. The York Rite had "Sundays after Pentecost '' : the Sarum Rite "Sundays after Trinity." RORY FLETCHER. The observance of Trinity Season (counting the Sundays from Trinity Sunday, instead of from the preceding Sunday) is peculiarly English, and outside England, followed only by churches founded by English missionaries, notably by St. Boniface in Germany. When exactly the first Sunday after Pentecost came to be called Trinity Sunday cannot be determined. Gervase of Canterbury says that St. Thomas à Becket instituted this feast soon after his consecration to Canter"but there can be little doubt bury in 1162; it was in some English office books before that date. The general observance of the day as a separate Festival in honour of the first enjoined ed by Synod Blessed Trinity was (Blunt's 'Annotated P. of Arles, 1260" Bk.') The Roman Church accepted it in 1305. a W. ARTHUR WESTLEY. St. John's Vicarage, Oldham. The observance of this Feast was originally local, and we are told by Gervase of Canterbury that it was introduced into England in 1162 by St. Thomas of Canterbury. It was made obligatory throughout the Western Church by Pope John XXII in 1334. In these islands it appears to have been after Trinity usual to reckon Sundays or "after the Octave of Pentecost" (post octavas Pentecostes), while elsewhere in Europe the reckoning was post Pentecosten, so that the English numbering is lower than the continental by one: but a confusing trace of the other system is still occasionally found |