Structural Geology

Alpine Alps anticline Appalachian axial plane axis Banda arc basaltic basement basin beds blocks centre clay cleavage folding compression concentric folding confining pressure continental continents core Cretaceous curve deformation depth developed diapiric dikes direction dome earth's crust elastic Eocene experiments facies flank flow Flysch geanticline Geol geosyncline gliding grain granite Hercynian High Atlas horizontal incompetent instance intrusions island arcs joints Jurassic kg/cm² kind later layer limestone lower magmatic phase marginal trough massif Mesozoic metamorphic Miocene mountain chains movement nappes normal faults northern ocean Ordovician origin orogenic belts overthrust Palaeozoic parallel Pennine nappes perpendicular plastic Pre-Cambrian Published by permission Pyrenees region ridge rift rocks sand sandstone schistosity sedimentary sediments shale shear-joints shear-planes shield sialic southern strain strata stress-field structural geology surface syncline syntectonic tectonic tension Tertiary thick thrust plane thrust-faults Triassic typical uplift Upper Valley vertical volcanic wrench-faults zone