be drawn into it, and then ejected, not only for the purpose of cleaning it, but to render the whole warmer, and confequently more agreeable to the fenfation of the patient; or it may be held in the hand, until it acquires a proper degree of warmth. This circumstance ought never to be omitted, because if applied cold, it will fometimes occafion a further fhrinking or contraction of the nipple within the breaft; whereas, if made ufe of when warmed, it will have a tendency to relax and favour the elongation of this tender vehicle of nourishment.'

The directions concerning the management of young children, given in the appendix, may be useful to nurses. In both treatifes Mr. Grigg has, very properly, been fparing of his poetical quotations; and we fhould readily have excused him, had he been equally fparing in the citation of medical authorities.

ART. VIII. Tracts by Warburton and a Warburtonian; not admitted into the Collections of their respective Works. 8vo. 5s. boards. London, 1789.

LIVELY genius is, for the most part, connected with great

delicacy of fentiment and fenfibility to what is right or wrong, mean, or noble, in human character and conduct; a strong prefumptive proof that the unchangeable diftinction between moral good and evil is founded, not in fenfe, or in any thing analogous to fenfe, according to the opinion of a certain modern fchool, but in the pure operation of the intellect, in which the Platonifts, and the moft diftinguished among the ancient philofophers, have placed it. The editor of the tracts before us, a man of quick difcernment and quick feelings, is moved with much indignation against the injudicious, the unjuft, mean, and truckling conduct of a certain prelate, who, in his late magnificent edition of Bishop Warburton's works, has omitted two of his tracts here republifhed; who, in order to defend and gratify his patron when living, attacked, in two publications, the characters of two very learned and worthy men with most unprovoked and unprecedented virulence; but now that his patron is dead, and he himself a bishop, endeavours to obliterate all remembrance of what he judged politically expedient at the time, but what he is very fenfible cannot be reconciled either with

* The editor of the Tracts is generally understood to be the Rev. Dr. Samuel Parr, and the prelate is Dr. Hurd, the bishop of Worcester.

found criticism, the principles of morality, or the laws of ho nour. Dr. Parr, who greatly admires the talents and virtues of Dr. Leland and Dr. Jortin, the venerable characters injuriously attacked by Dr. Hurd, the Warburtonian in the title-page, vindicates their memory from the paralogifms of fophiftical reasoning, and the infinuations of a dry, fycophantifh, and cynical humour. Yet he does ample juftice to the literary talents of the Warburtonian; though thefe are greatly diminished, and even appear poor and mean when contrafted with the superior, bold, and inventive genius of his MASTER; of whofe faults, however, as well as his perfections, our most acute, learned, and candid editor of the Tracts is abundantly fenfible. This is the general result of the impreffions made by an attentive perufal of the publication under review. But as the names that it involves, both living and dead, are of no little celebrity, and the fubjects to which it refers are all of them, in the judgment of fome; and fome of them, in the judgment of all, of moment, we shall expand this critical sketch by the enumeration of the following particulars.

The tracts of Warburton republished in this collection are, 1. Mifcellaneous Translations in Profe and Verfe, from Roman Poets, Orators, and Hiftorians. First printed in 1724. They confift of Cefar's oration from Salluft, Tully's oration for Ligarius, felect letters from Pliny, the first book of Boetius's Confolation of Philofophy, Claudian's panegyric on Honorius, the battles of the cranes and pigmies, and three imitations of a fragment from Claudian. 2. A critical and philofophical Inquiry into the Caufes of Prodigies and Miracles, as related by Hiftorians. With an Effay towards restoring a Method and Purity in Hiftory. In which the Characters of the maft celebrated Writers of every Age, and of the feveral Stages and Species of Hiftory, are occafionally criticifed and explained. First printed in 1727. The editor juftly obferves that, among readers of candour and difcernment, the character of Bishop Warburton cannot fuffer any diminution of its luftre from this republication. They who mark with philofophic precifion the progrefs of the human understanding, will look up to Warburton with greater reverence and greater aftonishment, when they compare the better productions of his pen with the worfe. The faults of the one are excufed < by the imperfections of his earlier education; but the excel-lencies of the other muft be afcribed only to the unwearied activity, the unfhackled boldnefs, the uncommon and almost unparalleled vigour of his genius.' This apology was perhaps neceflary for the republication of Warburton's Tranflations and Verses, the former of which were often incorrect, and the latter inelegant and uncouth; but, in our judgment, there was no

occafion

occafion whatever to apologise for republishing the inquiry into the caufes of prodigies and miracles, and the effay towards reftoring a method and purity in hiftory. These treatises display a moft profound knowledge of hiftory and human nature, and the true spirit of philofophical criticism. How finely does the author reconcile certain apparent contradictions in the introduction to the Catalinarian war of Salluft, and justify the praises that were bestowed on that noble historian?

Crifpus Romana primus in historia.”

Who, in the walks of hiftory, firft broke the enchantment of prodigies and miracles, and explored the true caufes of things? How fubtle, yet how juft, his obfervations on the causes of that love of the marvellous, fo incident to historians, and so plentiful a fource of error? But if, in the oppofite eftimates of this tract of the great Warburton's, made by Dr. Hurd on the one part, and the editors of this journal on the other, the doctor be in truth in the right, and the literary journalists in the wrong, ftill who, in this matter, are the competent judges? Certainly the world at large, to whom the Bishop of Gloucester addreffed his fentiments, and to whom the workings of an elevated and vi gorous mind muft appear refpectable, and may be useful, even when erroneous; we add, and may be useful; because, though the conclufions drawn may be falfe, the premifes may be, in part, ingenious and juft. As there is nothing folitary in the univerfe, and the combinations of things are infuite, an idea first started, or a fact first discovered may lead to other facts and ideas, and thefe again to others; the accumulation of which, under the fame claffes, form the basis of science. Even the mere excurfions of fancy, when confined within the regions of confiftency and poffibility, may be of fervice, and have been of service to the caufe of philofophy, as is happily enough illuftrated in a late publication; which, uniting philofophy with romance, attempts to throw light on human nature, by the microscope of the imagination *. To fupprefs effays fo bold, ingenious, and really philofophical, as thofe in quftion, in a publication that has, for one of its principal objects, to record many fingular and extravagant notions on the fubject of a particular religion, may be fuitable to the narrow views of clerical policy, but not to the enthusiasm of genius and a love of knowledge. This is Dr. Hurd, but not Dr. Warburton.

* Mammuth; or, Human Nature difplayed on a grand Scale; in a Tour with the Tinkers into the inland Parts of Africa. By the Man in the Moon.

The tracts by a Warburtonian, mentioned in the title-page of this collection, are, 1. An Address to the Rev. Dr. Fortin on the Delicacy of Friendship. A feventh Differtation, addressed to the Author of the Sixth. First printed in 1755. 2. A Letter to the Rev. Dr. Thomas Leland, Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin; in which his late Differtation on the Principles of human Eloquence is criticifed; and the Bishop of Gloucester's Idea of the Nature and Character of an inspired Language, as delivered in his Lordship's Doctrine of Grace, is vindicated from all the Objections of the learned Author of the first Differtation. First printed in 1764.-Prefixed to these two tracts of a Warburtonian is A Dedication, addreffed by the Editor to a learned Critic; who is no other than the reverend author of the Tracts; a preface by the editor: and Teftimonia Auctorum: in all of which the author of the Tracts is treated with indignant feverity. The editor, ftretching all the nerves of the English language to their utmoft tone, and adding occafionally the force of the Greek and Roman phrafeology, now lafhes Dr. Hurd with rods of iron, and now foothes him with ironical, or at beft with schoolboy and vulgar praife. The end of the two tracts by a Warburtonian, he fays in his dedication (to that very Warburtonian) was to deliver two illuftrious, but whimsical hypotheses, from the impertinent and tyrannical intrufions of common-fenfe.'

It was to unmask the hypocrify, and to fubdue the infolence, of two impotent sciolifts, one of whom had prefumed to commend your patron without adulation, and the other, to confute him without afperity. It was to convince an undifcerning and incredulous public that Warburton was an infallible reafoner, Leland a fuperficial trifler, and Jortin a moft daftardly, a moft infidious, and a most malignant calumniator.

Readers of illiterate and grovelling minds will, I am aware, ftartle at thefe ftrange and harsh pofitions. In an agony of amazement and indignation, they will exclaim, like your lordship and d'Orville, En cor Zenodoti, en jecur Cratetis. But, by men of more enlarged and more exalted views, by men of a truly claffical tafte, who fpurn afide the coarse beverage to be found in Greek scholiafts, in order to revel on the luxurious dainties prepared by French Commentators; by men of truly philofophical penetration, who are ambitious to understand their Virgil from Warburton, and their Horace from your lordship; by all fuch enterprifing critics, and all fuch faftidious hypercritics, the tribute of admiration will be chearfully paid, both to the magnificence of the defign, and the felicity of the execution.

Now, my lord, it is not quite forgotten by men of letters, nor probably by your lordship, that, in the earlier ftages of your literary and ecclefiaftical career, you did not difdain to wield your pen, whether offenfively or defenfively, in favour of Bishop Warburton. While bigots were pouring forth their complaints, and withings were

levelling

levelling their pleafantry, against this formidable innovator; while anfwerers trembled, and readers stared; while dunces were loft in the mazes of his arguments, and scholars were confounded at the hardiness of his affertions; you, my lord, ftood forth with an avowed determination to share alike his danger and his difgrace. You affected to despise, even while you were endeavouring to reprefs, the clamours of the unenlightened herd, who faw, or pretended to fee, abfurdity in his criticifms, heterodoxy in his tenets, and brutality in his invectives. You made great paradoxes lefs incredible, by exciting our wonder at the greater, which were started by yourself. You taught us to fet a jutt value upon the eccentricities of impetuous and untutored genius, by giving us an opportunity to compare them with the trickeries of cold and fyftematic refinement. You tempted us almost to forget and to forgive, whatever was offenfive in noify and boisterous reproaches, by turning afide our attention to the more grating founds of quaint and farcastic fneers.

Recollecting, therefore, the repeated displays of your ardour and your prowess, I cannot, my lord, feel the fmalleft reluctance în calling upon you for new and more undifguifed exertions in an old and a favourite cause. I think it even impoffible for you to tarnish the well-earned reputation, either of your abilities as a writer, or your virtues as a friend, by a deliberate and invincible indifference to the future celebrity of two works, which, like thefe, are intimately connected with the prefervation of Dr. Warburton's true character, and perhaps of your own.

If fufpending, for the prefent, our examination of the fpirit which pervades your writings, we proceed to confider their pretenfions as compofitions, wide is the difference that appears between them, both in their excellencies and in their faults.

He blundered against grammar, and you refined againft idiom, He, from defect of tafte, contaminated English by Gallicifm, and you, from excefs of affectation, fometimes difgraced what would have rifen to ornamental and dignified writing, by a profufe mixture of vulgar or antiquated phrafeology. He foared into fublimity without effort, and you by effort, funk into a kind of familiarity, which, without leading to perfpicuity, borders upon meannefs. He was great by the energies of nature, and you were little by the mifapplication of art. He, to fhew his ftrength, piled up huge and rugged maffes of learning, and you, to fhew your fkill, fplit and fhivered them into what your brother critic calls ψήγματα καὶ ἀραιώματα. He fometimes reached the force of Longinus, but without his elegance, and you exhibited the intricacies of Ariftotle, but without his exactness.'

As farther fpecimens of the judgment and difcrimination of the editor, and the vigour and copioufnefs of his style, we are strongly inclined to extract the pictures he has drawn, in his preface, of Dr. Leland and Dr. Jortin. But here we are retrained by the limits of our publication.