counteracted by remedies particularly appropriated to them. Thus, vomiting is often rettrained by exhibiting it in wine; loofenefs by combining it with opium; and oppreffion at ftomach, by the addition of an aromatic. But, unlefs for obviating particular occurrences, it is more fuccefsful when exhibited in its fimple state than with any addition; and there feems to be little ground for believing that its powers are increafed by crude fal ammoniac, or any other additions which have frequently been made.

It is now given, from the very commencement of the difeafe, without previous evacuations, which, with the delay of the bark, or under dofes of it, by retarding the cure, often feem to induce abdominal inflammation, fcirrhus, jaundice, hectic, dropfy, &c. fymptoms formerly imputed to the premature or intemperate ufe of the bark, but which are beft obviated by its early and large ufe. It is to be continued not only till the paroxyfms ceafe, but till the natural appetite, ftrength, and complexion return. Its ufe is then to be gradually left off, and repeated at proper intervals to fecure againft a relapfe: to which, however unaccountable, independently of the recovery of vigour, there often feems to be a peculiar difpofition; and efpecially when the wind blows from the caft. Although, however, moft evacuants conjoined with the Peruvian bark in intermittents are rather prejudicial than otherwife, yet it is of advantage, previous to its ufe, to empty the alimentary canal, particularly the ftomach; and on this account good effects are often obtained from premifing an emetic.

It is a medicine which feems not only fuited to both formed and latent intermittents, but to that state of fibre on which all rigidly periodical difeafes feem to depend; as periodical pain, inflammation, hemorrhagy, fpafm, cough, lofs of external fenfe, &c.

Bark is now ufed by fome in all continued fevers; at the fame time attention is paid to keep the bowels clean, and to promote, when neceffary, the evacuation of redundant bile; always, however, fo as to weaken as little as poffible.

In confluent fmall-pox it promotes languid eruption and fuppuration, diminishes the fever through the whole courfe of it, and prevents or corrects putrefcence and gangrene.

In gangrenous fore throats it is much ufed, as it is externally and internally in every fpecies of gangrene.

In contagious dyfentery, after due evacuation, it has been used by the mouth, and by injection, with and without opium.

In all thofe hemorrhagies called paffive, and which it is allowed. all hemorrhagies are very apt to become, and likewife in other increased discharges, it is much ufed; and in certain undefined cafes of hæmoptyfis, fome allege that it is remarkably effectual when joined with an abforbent.

It is used for obviating the difpofition to nervous and convulfive difeafes; and fome have great confidence in it joined with the acid of vitriol, in cafes of phthifis, fcrophula, ill conditioned ulcers, rickets, fcurvy, and in ftates of convalefcence.

In thefe cafes in general, notwithstanding the ufe of the acid, ir is proper to conjoin it with a milk diet.

In dropfy, not depending on any particular local affection, it is often alternated or conjoined with diuretics, or other evacuants; and by its early exhibition after the water is once drawn off, or even begins to be freely difcharged, a fresh accumulation is prevented, and a radical cure obtained. In obftinate venereal cafes, particularly those which appear under the form of pains in the bones, the Peruvian bark is often fuccefsfully fubjoined to mercury, or even given in conjunction with it.'

The third and laft part of the work confifts of the pharma ceutical preparations and medical compofitions of the new editions of the London and Edinburgh Pharmacopoeias, copiously interspersed with pertinent and useful obfervations. On the whole, this New Difpenfatory merits great commendation, and does equal credit to the induftry and judgment of the compilers.

ART. IV. A Collection of Engravings, tending to illuftrate the Generation and Parturition of Animals and of the Human SpeciesBy Thomas Denman. M. D. Folio. Two Parts. 13s. 6d. boards. Johnfon. London, 1787.

DR.

R. Denman's laudable defign in this collection of engravings is to facilitate, diffufe, and render more permanent, every phyfiological difcovery relative to the generation and parturition of animals, and of the human fpecies; the knowledge of fuch discoveries being, in his opinion, greatly obftructed, through the usual communication of them in a learned language, and the want of accurate drawings fo neceflary for conveying an ade-. quate idea of fubjects of that kind. We entirely coincide in opinion with Dr. Denman, and cannot but highly approve of the liberal zeal which he difcovers for the advancement of natural knowledge by the prefent publication.

The firft plate reprefents the funis of a nut, the chryfalis of the Phalana Atlas, and the eggs of the cuttle-fish; which, though taken from different parts of the creation, are joined in one plate, on account of their refemblance. Plate fecond gives a difplay of the internal parts of a frog, with the ovaria; plate third, a fection of a hen, fhewing the ovarium, with an egg perfected in the infundibulum; plate fourth, a part of the uterus of a cow, with one of the cotyledons, and a portion of the membrane; plate fifth, three human abortions, one of which contains twins; plate fixth, a morbid human ovum; plate feventh, an human ovum, about the third month of pregnancy; plate eighth, the uterus, containing the child of a woman who died in the act of parturition; plate ninth, a twin placenta with

the

the membranes; plate tenth, rupture of the uterus; and plate eleventh, inverfion of the uterus.

The feveral plates are illuftrated by explanations in English and French: they are elegantly engraved; and the very moderate price at which they are fold, abfolves Dr. Denman from all fufpicion of aiming at any profit from the publication.

ART. V. The Day of Pentecoft; or, Man restored. A Poem, in Twelve Books. By W. Gilbank, M. A. 8vo. 5s. Cadell. London, 1789..

PERSPICUITY is a moft indifpenfable quality in all literary compofition. Whatever is addreffed, either to the understanding or the heart, muft be ufelefs or nugatory in proportion as it is unintelligible. Where we have no perfect conception of the defign, the most beautiful paffages, or even the beft illuftrations, like pieces of exquifite painting which have no vifible connexion with the principal figure on the canvas, can give no interest because they have no meaning. It is from the clearness and decifion of the plan, the fable, or the scope, that all the fubordinate parts derive their relative beauty and excellence. We think The Day of Pentecoft fomewhat defective In this effential particular. The aim or drift is at least no striking feature of the work. It is nowhere impreffive. What we read. in one page never urges the perufal of the next. There is confequently no intereft to repay the trouble of poring over fo many pages. The attention is amply gratified by the art that keeps it alive. And no work will ever be popular in which this art does not predominate. It is the only attraction by which readers are fairly procured, and which ftamps a diftinétion on the efforts of genius. This want in the poem before us no other requifite could fupply. But indeed the performance discovers very little addrefs of any kind. The meafure is not polished with the finalleft degree of tafte or delicacy. We accidentally meet with fome tolerable imitations, fome ftrong lines, fome aft allufions; but the whole is fo ftarch, unnatural, and quaint, from an indifcreet ufe of obfolete words, the crude adoption of Shakefpeare and Milton's phrafeology, on all occafions, and a violent inverfion of language, that we often find ourselves impelled to fling down the book with difguft, in fpite of an inclination to be pleased.

We do not felect the following paffage as an inftance to authenticate our opinion, but for its plainnefs and fuperior beauty to any in the poem. It is addreffed to the Jewish nation, and preffes upon their attention the peculiar diftinctions they enjoyed for accomplishing the purpofes of Divine Providence:

The dread vicegerent of th' eternal God
Vouchfafed in his own person to become
Your Abraham's lawgiver, his God, his king;
His children raifed to fovereignty and state,
Our great forefather's holy faith and truth
To crown with high and everlasting fame:
But of this glory and celestial pomp
The nobler end and aim was to prepare
A royal priesthood and a chofen race;
Who might the lively oracles receive,
And by the holy figns from age to age
Deliver'd down, when times prophetic courfe
Had run full circles, might expect and know
The glorious Archetype; his rife adore;
And to a fceptic though impatient world,
Prefent the glories and atteft the claims

Of him, defcended from the heaven of heavens ;
Cloth'd in our flesh, and in the fceptred pall
Of prophet, prieft, and king; to crush the power
Of fatelefs hell, to bruife the ferpent's head;
To heal the nations by the precious balm
Of blood once offer'd; and the bleffings shower
Of knowledge, virtue, univerfal love,

Of reconcilement and immortal joys

On all the families of the peopled earth!'

From this fpecimen, however well the author's friends may think he has performed, it is obvious his poem might have been rendered lefs exceptionable. Indeed the choice of the fubject appears to us not the moft congenial to poetical excellence. The intention of the work is notwithstanding highly meritorious; and we heartily with fuccefs to every exertion in behalf of piety and goodness. Happy were it for religion if the admitted of no advocates but men of real tafte and genius.

ART.

ART. VI. A Series of Letters, addreffed to Sir William Fordyce, M. D. F. R. S. containing a Voyage and Journey from England to Smyrna, from thence to Conftantinople, and from that Place over Land to England; likewife an Account and Defcription of the Counties, Cities, Towns, and Villages, through which the Author paffed; together with the Treaty of Commerce between the Court of Great-Britain and the Sublime Porte. Tranflated from the Original into English by the Author. To which is prefixed a Short Answer to Volney's Contradictions on Ali Bey's History and Revolt; and an Appendix, containing a particular Defcription of the Holy Land, and a concife Narration of the modern Patriarchs who refided in that Holy See from the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century to the prefent Time; with fome Anecdotes. By S. L. KooμOTONITUS. 8vo. 2 vols. 14s. boards. Payne and Son. London, 1789.

TE HIS work is the production of Mr. Lufignan, author of the Hiftory of Ali Bey. It commences with an anfwer to Mr. Volney, whom the former charges with various mistakes, and even infinuates that he is only the fuppofititious author of travels clandeftinely fabricated in London. But this opinion appears fo improbable, that we muft afcribe it entirely to the jealoufy of one whofe own historical credit is in some meafure affected by the narrative. Befides, if Mr. Volney's narrative be really erroneous, its errors, fo far as we can find from the remarks of the author before us, are of fo frivolous a nature, that they hardly deferve to be mentioned.

The first of the letters is dated from Falmouth, the 30th of Auguft, 1785, and the correspondence is continued, at intervals, to within one day of a complete twelvemonth from that time. The author proceeded by fea to Smyrna, and thence to Conftantinople, from which capital he returned over land, by the way of Adriapople, Vienna, and Bruffels. In the whole of this route we meet with nothing that is interefting. The general face of the country, the good or bad walls of towns, and the probable number of inhabitants, are the common fubjects of obfervation; and where the author deviates from this beaten track, it is only to give an equally uninterefting detail of the fituation of the travellers; or to prefent us with a copy of the commercial treaty between Great-Britain and the Porte, which occupies almost a hundred pages of the first volume.

In an appendix the author has given a description of the Holy Land. Much of this is to be found in other travellers; but we shall lay before our readers his account of Mount Sion and David's palace:

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