CANTO II.

Note 1, Stanza XLVII. Alluding to a strange phenomenon related to have taken place at sea, during Vasco da Gama's voyage, while returning to India, as Viceroy, in 1524.

Note 2, Stanza LV. The Portuguese Magallaens, usually called Magellan, who discovered the straits that bear his name, in 1520. He had fought well under Albuquerque in the East, but, being offended, entered the service of Charles V., in whose name he discovered the straits, sailing with the intention of finding a passage by the West to the Molucca Islands.

Note 1, Stanza XV.
Note 2, Stanza XXII.
Note 3, Stanza XXII.

Note 4, Stanza XXIII.

CANTO III.

The Pope.

Viriatus.

Saturn, represented as Time. Edax rerum.
D. Alfonso VI. of Leon, 1095.

Note 5, Stanza XXV. Henry of Besançon, created Count of Portugal. In him the country first began to exist, as an independent one. Note 6, Stanza XXX. The great Alfonso Henriques, his son: hero

of Ourique.

Note 7, Stanza XLIV.
Note 8, Stanza XLVI.

a Kingdom.

Note 9, Stanza LIV.

Penthesilea, Queen of the Amazons.
Battle of Ourique, 1139. Portugal declared

See arms of Portugal. The Castles belong to Algarves; which Province was finally subdued and added to the Portuguese Crown in 1252, under D. Alfonso III.

Note 10, Stanza LVII. Ulysses, who is said to have founded Lisbon. Byron, in a note to 'Childe Harold,' says the city was once called Ulisipo or Lispo.

Note 11, Stanza LVII. This was during the reign of our King Stephen, at the beginning of the Second Crusade, 1147.

Note 12, Stanza LXIII. Evora. See Murray's Handbook for Portugal.'

Note 13, Stanza LXXII. Camoens is said to have taken much of this Apostrophe from a passage in Lucan's Pharsalia, lib. II. There is a curious divergence, however, in one small sentence; for while Camoens writes :

'E Judea, que um Deos adora e ama,' the passage in Lucan is :

'Et dedita sacris

Incerti Judæa Dei.'

Note 14, Stanza LXXIII. Pompeius, as we all know, married Cæsar's daughter Julia. D. Urraca, daughter of Alfonso I. was married to D. Fernando II., King of Leon. Herculano, Vol. I. p. 419.

Note 15, Stanza LXXXV. Guadalquivir.

Note 16, Stanza LXXXVIII. Camoens omits to mention the English here. The event took place at the end of the Second Crusade, one year before our Richard I. and Phillip of France started on the Third.

Note 17, Stanza XCIII. Perillus was the inventor of the Brazen Bull; and his King, Phalaris, made him the first victim of his invention, and was afterwards so sacrificed himself.

Note 18, Stanza CXV. Battle of Salado, 1340. The Moors never recovered this blow, inflicted by the two Alfonsos. In Stanza CX. Camoens notices the name of Saracen as being falsely assumed by the Moors. But the appellation Moor' seems to have been confusedly applied to the Saracens or Arabians by the Spanish and Portuguese. This strange warlike race, stretching across all North Africa, invaded Spain from Mauritania, and there became eventually confounded with the Moors. The Portuguese called the Arabian Moslems, whom Vasco da Gama found in possession of the Indian seas, by the name of Moors; associating them with the race that had first invaded the Peninsula from Mauritania. At the date of the battle of Salado, however, the Moors had taken the lead of the Saracens in Spain.

Note 19, Stanza CXXXIV. The Portuguese daisy is a beautiful pink bell flower, of which chaplets are made. The common English daisy bears no sort of resemblance to it.

CANTO IV.

Note 1, Stanza III. Unfortunately for the miracle, each claimant was a John-D. John I. of Castile, who had married Beatrice, daughter of the late King Fernando of Portugal, and D. John, the master of the Order of Aviz, the illegitimate son of Pedro I. by D. Tereza Lorenza, a Galician lady. The great battle presently described is that of Aljubarrota, 1385, at which the Castilians were utterly and finally routed, as the Moors had been at Ourique in 1139. The now elaborate Abbey of Batalha, well worthy of a special excursion, was afterwards founded by D. John I., who claims English connexion, from having married Philippa, eldest daughter of John of Gaunt, son of Edward III. His youngest daughter, Catalina, afterwards married D. Henry, eldest son of the King of Castile; and these two marriages put an end to the mutual strife between the two Kings.

Note 2, Stanza V. João Fernandez Andeiro, killed by D. John I. Note 3, Stanza XIV. Pedro and Diogo Pereira.

Note 4, Stanxa XLVII.

Note 5, Stanza XLIX.

See note to Stanza III.

This was the Count Julien who brought
Roderick, the last of the Goths.' See

over the Moors against D.
Gibbon and Sir Walter Scott's Don Roderick.

Note 6, Stanza LIV. Alfonso V.

Note 7, Stanza LXV. This was an expedition by land, conducted by Pero de Covihão and Alfonso de Paiva. João de Barros' Decades.

Note 8, Stanza LXXXVII. Belem or Bethlehem Church and Monastery, a magnificent structure, built on the right bank of the Tagus as you sail up the imposing entrance to Lisbon. It is built on the site whence Gama embarked, and on which he landed on his return. Murray's Handbook for Portugal' contains a full account of it. It is dedicated to St. Jeronymo, and a school for poor children has been established there, where all the boys are taught trades. I have six times visited the Port of Lisbon, and five times out of the six, I have associated all its beauties with D. Manoel, Vasco da Gama and Camoens.

CANTO V.

Note 1, Stanza IV. This is, of course, the Great Henry, Duke of Viseu, son of John I. and his Queen, English Philippa of Lancaster. Note 2, Stanza XIV. The Southern Cross, by no means a striking

Constellation, and forming a sort of badly made kite, in the sky. Note 3, Stanza XIV. These two black patches are easily discernible close to the above constellation. The Magellan clouds, or patches of clustered stars, also close by, make the darkness of these patches very conspicuous. They are called by the sailors the 'soot bags.'

Note 4, Stanza XVIII. St. Elmo's light. So strange a phenomenon that it has been deemed fabulous. But Falconer mentions it :'High on the masts, with pale and livid rays, Amid the gloom portentous meteors blaze.'

See Number XVII. of the' Edinburgh Philosophical Journal.'

Note 5 Stanza XXIV. St. Helen's Bay.

Note 6, Stanza XLIV. Bartholomeo Dias. He commanded one of the vessels in Pedro Alvares Cabral's expedition of 1500, and it was lost with three others in a fearful storm, before they reached Mozambique. De Barros' Decades.

Note 7, Stanza XLV. D. Francesco de Almeida, who was killed at the Cape of Good Hope, on his return from India.

Note 8, Stanza XLVI. D. Emmanuel de Souza, Governor of Dio, and his beautiful wife, D. Leonora de Sá. The account appears to be strictly historical.

Note 9, Stanza LXI.
Note 10, Stanza LXV.

The bay of St. Blaise.

Note 11, Stanza LXVIII.

Sta. Cruz.

Rio dos Reis.

END OF THE FIRST VOLUME.

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