Grant to Deorman.

UNIVERSITY

CALIFORN

[1] Will❜m kyng gret will'm bisceop and swegn fcyrgerefan and ealle mine þegnaf oneaft feaxan freondlice. [2] and ic kyde eow þat ic habbe ge unnen deormanne minan man1 þa hide landef æt gyddefdune þe hi [3] of geryden wæf. andicnellegeþolian frenciscan ne engliscan þat him æt ænigan þingan misbeode.2

friendlily. And I inform you that I will that ye-two be of-all the [3] laws possessed which ye-two were on Edward the king's day. And I will that each child be his [4] father's inheritance-taker (heir) after his father's day. And I will-not suffer that any man to-you any wrong [5] offer. God keep you.

In Sir H. James's work the dual forms get, gyt are not noticed, and the words beon eallra þæra laga we orde are translated, "be worthy all those laws," the meaning of which is not evident, but we orde is used in a legal sense, as "folc-rihtes wyrde, þagen-weres wyrde," possessed of popular rights, liable to a thane's fine, see Bosworth sub voce. Observe gret greets, contracted form, like fend sends, in the proclamation.

1 The 'a' in man is very indistinct.

2 Translation.[1] William, king, greets William, bishop, and Sweyn, sheriff, and all my thanes in Essex, friendlily. [2] And I inform you that I have granted to Deorman, my man, the hide of land at Gyddesdun which from-him [3] was off-ridden. And I will-not suffer Frenchman nor Englishman that he misuse him in any thing.

Observe the use of unnan to grant; and the phrase him of geryden wæs. The last letter m of him seems to have been worn off the parchment. In Bosworth geridan is explained, to ride, to ride through or over, to invade. Here it would seem to imply that Deorman had been deprived of the land by some raid, rather than by the Norman invasion. It is stated in the Introduction to Sir H. James's work that "his name does not appear in Domesday Book among persons holding land in England previous to the Conquest, nor indeed among any of the tenants before or after in Essex."

II.-A CORNISH GLOSSARY. By WHITLEY STOKES, Esq.

The following glossary is intended as a supplement to the Rev. Robert Williams' Lexicon Cornu-Britannicum (Llandovery, 1865), and contains about two thousand words, most of which are omitted from that Dictionary. The explanations or etymologies there given of the words now collected and marked with an obelisk (t) are either insufficient or (to my thinking) inaccurate. The present glossary has no pretension to be a complete supplement to Mr. Williams' work. Lhuyd's Archæologia Britannica has not yet been exhausted of its store of Cornish words; the list of names of places in Pryce's book should be scrutinised; and the mediæval Cornish charters and registers mentioned by Professor Max Müller in Macmillan's Magazine for April, 1867, will, doubtless, yield much valuable material to Cornish lexicographers more fortunately situated than the present writer. The Breton chartularies of Redon and Landevenic will also throw light on many names of Cornish persons and places.

Many, perhaps most, of the following words are borrowed from French, Anglo-Saxon (Old English), or Middle English. These words, which seem designedly omitted by the Rev. R. Williams, will be found not only to elucidate some of the phonetic laws of the Cornish language, but also to suggest interesting considerations as to the political and social con- — nections of the Cornish people. It will, for instance, be observed that, of the French loan-words (for example, cummyas, vyağ) several are taken from the Southern French or Provençal, and not, as might have been expected, from the Langue d'oil. A similar remark may be made as to the loan-words in Middle Breton.

As to pure Cornish words, it will be found that I have differed from Mr. Williams and followed the spelling of all

the manuscripts, except the Museum vocabulary, in writing gh for ch, the latter being reserved for the palatal surd in chy 'house and loanwords such as châchy, chattell, cheften, chet, chyffar, etc. The palatal sonant (English ;) I denote by ģ. In inlaut I have written dh for th, where the change is justified by etymology or the authority of the Passion, in which poem z is, as a rule, written for dh (7). But I have invariably written th in auslaut.

In this respect Mr. Williams has throughout his Lexicon been misled by Welsh analogy, and failed to see that at the end of a word an old dh (8) has always been sharpened into th (b). In the Passion, with the single exception of mollo3, P. 66, 3, (z =dh) never occurs as a final, but only a th. Moreover, words which, in Old Cornish, may have ended in dh, rhyme in the Middle Cornish poems with words which unquestionably end in th. See, for example, the Passion, stanza 49, 4, where beth 'erit' (W. bydd) and feth (W. ffydd, from fides), rhyme with haneth (W. henoeth, Ir, innocht) 'tonight,' and tergweth (W. teirgwaith) 'thrice. So in P. 52, 3,

' aseth (W. eistedd, O.W. estid) 'seat' rhymes with haneth. I conclude from this that in all words ending, according to the MSS., in th, that combination was pronounced sharp, as in Welsh, and should be so printed. A similar sharpening has occurred in the case of the final v: cf. meneth Oliff Mount of Olives,' P. 52, 1. So, too, both in Cornish and Breton, where the final v is an infected m, Zeuss, 135, 136, as in palf=palma, eneff=anima, or b, as in

= , , barf=barba, goff=0. Welsh gob, Ir. goba.smith.'

The abbreviations which I have used and which may require explanation are as follows :

Buhez Santez Nonn, Paris, 1837.
Cath. Le Catholicon de Jean Lagadeuc, ed. le Men, 1867.
Cr. The Creation (Gwreans an Bys), London, 1863.
D. Passio Domini nostri, ed. Norris, Oxford, 1859.
Dd. Domesday Book (Cornwall), Southampton, 1861.
Juv. Juvencus, Cambridge University Library; see Beitr. zur, vergl.

B.

0.

P.

R.

Origo mundi, ed. Norris.

Pascon agan Arluth. Trans. Philological Society, 1861-2.
Resurrectio domini, ed. Norris.

Red. Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Redon, Paris, 1863.

Z. Zeuss' Grammatica Celtica, Lipsiae, 1853.

A [MS. ha], 'go thou,' P. 34, 4. W. a.

†A-BARTH=Br. a-perz, M. 127o; Fr. de par in de par(t) le roi, etc.

ACCOMPTYA, 'to count,' Cr. 1321. p. part. acomptys, Cr. 605, 1447, 1623.

ACHEBRAN, n. pr. Dd. 3,

†ACHÊSON, see chêson 'occasion,' so in Mid. French, Burguy III., 268.

ACORD 'accord,' P. 8, 2. 0.1248, 1252.

ACORDYE 'to accord,' P. 40, 4.

ACQUYTTYA 'to acquit,' Cr. 1537.

M. 26b.

M. Br. accuitaf,

ACUSYE to accuse,' D. 1625. p. part. acusyys, D. 1859, 1999, acussys, D. 2386. M. Br. accusaff, Cath.

ADAM, n. pr. P. 152, 4.

ADELUUAN, v. Penn-.

ADVER, in hitadver (gl. messis), from ad- and ber: cf. ertrag and biado, blé, M. Lat. ablatum.

ADVOw, avows,' Cr. 2353. M. Br. avoeaf 'avouer,'

†AIDLEN (gl. abies). A Br. aedlen or édlen' sapin,' pl. édlennou is given in Villemarqué's ed. of Legonidec. Sed quære its genuineness.

AIL, V. Gofail.

AILм, n. pr. Dd. 4o.

ALABAUSTER, D. 3136.

ALMAYN, Germany,' R. 2148.

ALOES, D. 3198.

ALONG, 'belongs,' Cr. 2353.