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Quarries Geological Science in Cromarty -The Danes at Cromarty — The
Danish Professor and the "Old Red Sandstone" — Harmonizing Tendencies
of Science.
178
CHAPTER XI.
Ichthyolite Beds An interesting Discovery - Two Storeys of Organic Remains
in the Old Red Sandstone Ancient Ocean of Lower Old Red Two great
Catastrophes Ancient Fish Scales Their skilful Mechanism displayed by
examples - Bone Lips Arts of the Slater and Tiler as old as Old Red
Sandstone Jet Trinkets - Flint Arrow-heads Vitrified Forts of Scotland
— Style of grouping Lower Old Red Fossils - Illustration from Cromarty
Fishing Phenomena - Singular Remains of Holoptychius - Ramble with Mr.
Robert Dick- Color of the Planet Mars Tombs never dreamed of by
Hervey - Skeleton of the Bruce - Gigantic Holoptychius "Coal money
Currency "- Upper Boundary of Lower Old Red - Every one may add to the
Store of Geological Facts Discoveries of Messrs. Dick and Peach.
192
CHAPTER XII.
Ichthyolite Beds of Clune and Lethenbarn
Limestone Quarry
Destruction
>>
of Urns and Sarcophagi in the Lime-kiln-Nodules opened Beautiful
coloring of the Remains - Patrick Duff's Description - New Genus of Moray-
shire Ichthyolite described - Form and size of the Nodules or Stone Coffins —
Illustration from Mrs. Marshall's Cements - Forest of Darnaway The Hill
of Berries Sluie Elgin - Outliers of the Weald and the Oolite - Descrip-
tion of the Weald at Linksfield - Mr. Duff's Lepidotus minor - Eccentric
Types of Fish Scales - Visit to the Sandstones of Scat-Craig - Fine suit of
Fossils at Scat-Craig True graveyard Bones, not mere Impressions - Va-
rieties of pattern The Diker's "Carved Flowers "- Stagonolepis, a new
Genus Termination of the Ramble.
212
CHAPTER XIII.
SUPPLEMENTARY,
Supplementary - Isolated Reptile Remains in Eigg
Small Isles revisited - The
Betsey again - Storm bound - Tacking- Becalmed Medusæ caught and
described Rain - - A Shoal of Porpoises - Change of Weather The bed-
ridden Woman The Poor Law Act for Scotland Geological Excursion
Basaltic Columns Oolitic Beds - Abundance of Organic Remains - Hybo-
dus Teeth - Discovery of reptile Remains in situ
re-examined-Explanation suggested Sail for
Clouds- - A Leak sprung - Peril of the Betsey
Pails Safe in Harbor Return to Edinburgh.
Musical Sand of Laig
Isle Ornsay- Anchored
At work with Pump and
233
CONTENTS.
PART II.
RAMBLES OF A GEOLOGIST.
CHAPTER I.
Embarkation -A foundered Vessel - Lateness of the Harvest dependent on the
Geological character of the Soil-A Granite Harvest and an Old Red Harvest
-Cottages of Redstone and of Granite - Arable Soil of Scotland the result
of a Geological Grinding Agency Locality of the Famine of 1846 - Mr.
Longmuir's Fossils - Geology necessary to a Theologian Popularizers of
Science when dangerous "Constitution of Man," and "Vestiges of Crea-
tion" - Atop of the Banff Coach A Geologist's Field Equipment — The
trespassing"Stirk " — Silurian Schists inlaid with Old Red Bay of Gamrie
how formed Gardenstone - Geological Free-masonry illustrated How to
break an Ichthyolite Nodule - An old Rhyme mended A raised Beach
Fossil Shells Scotland under Water at the time of the Boulder-clays. 255
CHAPTER II.
Character of the Rocks near Gardenstone - A Defunct Father-lasher A Geo-
logical Inference Village of Gardenstone- The drunken Scot -Garden-
stone Inn Lord Gardenstone - A Tempest threatened The Author's
Ghost Story The Lady in Green Her Appearance and Tricks - The Res-
cued Children The murdered Peddler and his Pack Where the Green
Dress came from Village of Macduff Peculiar Appearance of the Beach
at the Mouth of the Deveron Dr. Emslie's Fossils Pterichthys quadratus
Argillaceous Deposits of Blackpots - Pipe-laying in Scotland
Blackpots Clay - Mr. Longmuir's Description of them - Blackpots Deposit a
Re-formation of a Liasic Patch Period of its Formation.
Fossils of
270
CHAPTER III.
Character of the Coast
From Blackpots to Portsoy
Burn of Boyne Fever
Phantoms - Graphic Granite - Maupertuis and the Runic Inscription -
Explanation of the quo modo of Graphic Granite - Portsoy Inn Serpentine
Beds - Portsoy Serpentine unrivalled for small ornaments Description of
it Significance of the term serpentine Elizabeth Bond and her "Letters ''
From Portsoy to Cullen - Attritive Power of the Ocean illustrated The
Equinoctial - From Cullen to Fochabers - The Old Red again - The old
Pensioner - Fochabers Mr. Joss, the learned Mail-guard - The Editor a
sort of Coach-guard On the Coach to Elgin - Geology of Banffshire
Irregular paging of the Geologic Leaves - Geologic Map of the County like
Joseph's Coat - Striking Illustration.
291
CHAPTER IV.
Yellow-hued Houses of Elgin - Geology of the Country indicated by the coloring
of the Stone Houses Fossils of Old Red north of the Grampians different
from those of Old Red south - Geologic Formations at Linksfield difficult
to be understood Ganoid Scales of the Wealden Sudden Reaction, from
complex to simple, in the Scales of Fishes · Pore-covered Scales Extraor-
dinary amount of Design exhibited in Ancient Ganoid Scales Holoptychius
Scale illustrated by Cromwell's "fluted pot" Patrick Duff's Geological
Collection - Elgin Museum Fishes of the Ganges - Armature of Ancient
Fishes Compensatory Defences - The Hermit-crab - Spines of the Pime-
lodi-
Ride to Campbelton - Theories of the formation of Ardersier and
Fortrose Promontories Tradition of their construction by the Wizard,
Michael Scott A Region of Legendary Lore.
307
CHAPTER V.
Kaes' Craig
Rosemarkie and its Scaurs
A Jackdaw Settlement - "Rose-
markie Kaes" and "Cromarty Cooties"-"The Danes," a Group of Ex-
cavations At Home in Cromarty- The Boulder-clay of Cromarty "begins
to tell its story " One of its marked Scenic Peculiarities - Hints to Land-
scape Painters
-"Samuel's Well "A Chain of Bogs geologically accounted
for Another Scenic Peculiarity "Ha-has of Nature's digging"
Author's earliest Field of Hard Labor - Picturesque Cliff of Boulder-clay
Scratchings on the Sandstone Invariable Characteristic of true Boulder-
clay-Scratchings on Pebbles in the line of the longer axis-Illustration from
the Boulder-clay of Banff.
-
The
324
CHAPTER VI.
Organisms of the Boulder-clay not unequivocal — First Impressions of the
Boulder-clay-Difficulty of accounting for its barrenness of Remains Sir
Charles Lyell's reasoning — A Fact to the contrary Human Skull dug from
a Clay-bank The Author's Change of Belief respecting Organic Remains
of the Boulder-clay Shells from the Clay at Wick Questions respecting
them settled - Conclusions confirmed by Mr. Dick's Discoveries at Thurso
Sir John Sinclair's Discovery of Boulder-clay Shells in 1802 - Comminution
of the Shells illustrated Cyprina islandica - Its Preservation in larger Pro-
portions than those of other Shells accounted for - Boulder-clays of Scot-
land reformed during the existing Geological Epoch - Scotland in the Period
of the Boulder-clay "merely three detached groups of Islands” — Evidence
of the Subsidence of the Land in Scotland Confirmed by Rev. Mr. Cum-
ming's conclusion - High-lying Granite Boulders - Marks of a succeeding
elevatory Period - Scandinavia now rising Autobiography of a Boulder
desirable A Story of the Supernatural.
336
CHAPTER VII.
Relation of the deep red stone of Cromarty to the Ichthyolite Beds of the System
Ruins of a Fossil-charged Bed - Journey to Avoch Red Dye of the
Boulder-clay distinct from the substance itself — Variation of Coloring in the
Boulder-clay Red Sandstone accounted for Hard-pan how formed - A
reformed Garden - An ancient Battle-field-Antiquity of Geologic and
Human History compared - Burn of Killein Observation made in boy-
hood confirmed Fossil-nodules Fine Specimen of Coccosteus decipiens
- Blank strata of Old Red - New View respecting the Rocks of Black Isle-
A Trip up Moray and Dingwall Friths Altered color of the Boulder-clay -
Up the Auldgrande River - Scenery of the great Conglomerate - Graphic
Description - Laidlaw's Boulder Vaccinium myrtillus Profusion of Trav-
The Boulder Clach Malloch Its zones of Animal and Vege-
elled Boulders
table Life.
355
CHAPTER VIII.
Its
Imaginary Autobiography of the Clach Malloch Boulder Its Creation
Long Night of unsummed Centuries- Laid open to light on a desert Island
-Surrounded by an Arctic Vegetation Undermined by the rising Sea-
Locked up and floated off on an Ice-field-At rest on the Sea-bottom
Another Night of unsummed Years - The Boulder raised again above the
waves by the rising of the Land Beholds an Altered Country - Pine For-
ests and Mammals · Another Period of Ages passes The Boulder again
floated off by an Iceberg — Finally at rest on the Shore of Cromarty Bay-
Time and Occasion of naming it-Strange Phenomena accounted for by Earth-
quakes - How the Boulder of Petty Bay was moved The Boulder of Auld-
grande - The old Highland Paupers - The little Parsi Girl Her Letter to
her Papa - But one Human Nature on Earth Journey resumed
Burying Ground
An aged Couple - Gossip.
Conon
375
CHAPTER IX.
The Great Conglomerate — Its Undulatory and Rectilinear Members Knock
Farril and its Vitrified Fort The old Highlanders an observant race - The
Vein of Silver Summit of Knock Farril Mode of accounting for the
Luxuriance of Herbage in the ancient Scottish Fortalices - The green Graves
of Culloden Theories respecting the Vitrification of the Hill-forts Com-
bined Theories of Williams and Mackenzie probably give the correct account
-The Author's Explanation-Transformations of Fused Rocks-Strathpeffer
-The Spa Permanent Odoriferous Qualities of an ancient Sea-bottom con-
verted into Rock - Mineral Springs of the Spa - Infusion of the powdered
rock a substitute Belemnite Water- The lively young Lady's Comments
-A befogged Country seen from a hill-top Ben-Wyvis - Journey to
Evanton - A Geologist's Night-mare The Route Home - Ruins of Craig
house - Incompatibility of Tea and Ghosts - End of the Tour.
393
CHAPTER X.
Recovered Health Journey to the Orkneys-Aboard the Steamer at Wick
- Mr. Bremner Masonry of the Harbor of Wick The greatest Blunders
result from good Rules misapplied Mr. Bremner's Theory about sea-washed
Masonry Singular Fracture of the Rock near Wick - The Author's mode
of accounting for it "Simple but not obvious" Thinking— Mr. Bremner's
mode of making stone Erections under Water- His exploits in raising
foundered Vessels Aspect of the Orkneys - The ungracious Schoolmaster
In the Frith of Kirkwall Cathedral of St Magnus Appearance of
Kirkwall-Its "perished suppers" Its ancient Palaces Blunder of the
Scotch Aristocracy The patronate Wedge - Breaking Ground in Orkney —
Minute Gregarious Coccosteus True Position of the Coccosteus' Eyes
Ruins of one of Cromwell's Forts - Antiquities of Orkney — The Cathedral
Its Sculptures - The Mysterious Cell - Prospect from the Tower - Its
Chimes Ruins of Castle Patrick. 414