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to each comprising a reference to the texts of the preceding years. The third is founded on Gal. i. 15. “When it pleased "God to reveal his Son in me, immediately I conferred not with "flesh and blood."

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'If he had,' exclaims the Preacher, he had never been a convert. Flesh and blood would have started so many objections and thrown so many difficulties in the way, as would have effectually stifled the kindling conviction. "What! (they would have hastily cried) Saul "talk of turning Christian! Saul, an Hebrew of the Hebrews; a Pha"risee so celebrated for sanctity and zeal, wilt thou quit the eminent "station in the church thou wast born in, and join a sect that is every "where spoken against? Depend upon it, thou wilt be spoken against too, and be persecuted thyself as violently as ever thou hast per"secuted others. What is this call and this vision which thou pre"tendest to have had? It may be only thy fancy, a delusion; better "take no notice of it. Thou art as good already as any need to be. "Don't meddle with those new opinions, they will only bring thee "into trouble. Master, spare thyself."-This is the advice which flesh and blood always give to those who are beginning to think seriously about Religion; and if Saul had consulted with them, he had been undone. But he did not consult them; he was so fully persuaded of the truth of his divine call, that he resolved upon an imme diate compliance cost what it would and this is what I wish to see in you. This is now the third time I have been called upon by the appointment of the late Captain Young to address myself particularly to young people: and it was a wise and kind appointment, and I hope some of you, and many that are yet unborn, will have reason to respect his memory and bless God for putting it into his heart. We then as workers together with God, do again and again beseech you, that ye receive not the grace of God in vain. The last year I held to you the example of Moses, who when he was come to years, refused to be called the son of Pharoah's daughter, choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season. Perhaps while you were hearing it, you applauded his choice, and thought when you were come to years, you would do the same. But alas, the harvest is past, the summer is ended, and ye are not saved. How many could I reckon up that are old enough to choose their business, their connections, their habitations, to choose almost every thing but their Religion; and you would have chosen your Religion too, very probably, if you had not conferred with flesh and blood.' PP. 34, 35.

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Art. VIII. Conversations on Political Economy; in which the Elements of that Science are familiarly explained. By the Author of " Con"versations on Chemistry." 12mo. pp. x, 464. Price 9s. Longman and Co. 816.

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Tis not so easy a matter as might at first be supposed, for one intimately acquainted with a science, to introduce another even to the elements of it. He may begin at the beginning, define terms, lay down general principles, deduce particular truths, and go on regularly, clearing as he goes, and leaving Dothing for an after parenthesis; and yet, only overwhelm the memory, perplex the reason, and ultimately disgust his pupil with the subject. Such a plan is, no doubt, the most natural to the tutor, and the most proper for any one, who, in some degree already acquainted with the subject, should yet wish to refresh his memory upon it. He knows how the terms defined are to come into play, and whither the general principles tend; and, therefore, what he is about. He sees that the arrangement is, perhaps, the best that ean be adopted for the science abstractedly considered, the one that will most concisely develop truth, and is least liable to lead into repetition ;-and he has tha' satisfaction which arises from the contemplation of order.

A mind totally unacquainted with the subject, knows nothing of all this. With such a one, we will venture to say, the most concise and least repetitious method, is not the best; the one which most regularly develops the science, is not the most philosophical. The most philosophical, because the most natural method, is that which accommodates itself to the mind of the learner; the best teacher is he who can most fully put himself in the pupil's place.

Such a teacher, we imagine, would open a way into any science, by some observation likely to occur to an uninstructed and inquisitive mind ;-as upon the flight of a stone, the weight of a body, the game of see-saw, in mechanics ;-the circumnavigation of the globe, or the vicissitude of day and night, in astronomy; the freezing of water, or the working of a steamengine, in chemistry:-no matter what the observation, so that it involves some grand principle of the science. By leading questions he will draw the pupil to the development of the principle, and place it full before him; he will follow, or in seeming to follow, he will in some measure direct the course of the pupil's mind; making observ tions, tracing consequences, starting objections. In such an introduction to a science, the form of dialogue is obviously very desireable.

We are very glad to meet with our old friend, Mrs. B., again. We know no one under whose guidance we should rather place a beginner in chemistry or political economy. The con

'versations on chemistry' stand in no need of any praise of ours. For its luminous order,-its power, we mean, of making a child think luminously upon the subject, and then aptly following up the train of thought thus excited,-its beautiful illustrations, its pertinent experiments, its natural and well-bred dialogue, and its easy and graceful style, it stands at the very top of the scientific library of the school-room. It is the best praise we can give to the work before us, to say that it is fully worthy of its predecessor.

From such a work it is difficult to know what to quote. It makes no pretensions to originality of matter, and of the arrangement of course, we can give no specimen. We shall venture at random.

Caroline objects to the substitution of machinery for human industry, as tending to throw the poor out of employment.

Mrs. B. It may appear paradoxical, but it is nevertheless true, that whatever abridges and facilitates labour will eventually increase the demand for labourers.

Caroline. Or, in other words, to turn people out of work is the most certain means of procuring them employment!-This is precisely. the objection I was making to the introduction of new machinery.

Mrs. B. The invention of machinery, I allow, is at first attended with some partial and temporary inconvenience and hardship; but on the other hand, the advantages resulting from it are almost incalculable both in extent and duration. When any new machine or process whatever which abridges or facilitates labour, is adopted, the commodity produced by it falls in price, the low price enables a greater number of persons to become purchasers, the demand for it increases, and the supply augments in proportion; so that eventually more hands are employed in its fabrication than there were previous to the adoption of the new process. When, for instance, the machine for weaving stockings was first invented, it was considered as a severe hardship on those who had earned a maintenance by knitting them; but the superior facility with which stockings were made in the loom, rendered them so much cheaper, that those, who before were unable to purchase them, could now indulge in the comfort of wearing them, and the prodigious increase of demand for stockings enabled all the knitters to gain a livelihood, by spinning the materials that were to be woven into stockings.

6 Caroline. That was a resource in former times, but household spinning is scarcely ever seen since Arkwright's invention of spinning jennies. Where are the spinners now to find employment? The improvements in machinery drive these poor workmen from one expedient to another, till I fear at last every resource will be exhausted.

Mrs. B. No; that cannot be the case. Where there is capital the poor will always find employment. In countries possessed of great wealth we see prodigious works undertaken. Roads cut through hills, canals uniting distant rivers, magnificent bridges, splendid edifices, and a variety of other enterprises which give work VOL. III. N.S.

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to thousands, independently of the usual employment of capital in agriculture, manufactures, and trade. What is the reason of all this? It is in order that the rich may employ their capital; for in a secure and free government no man will suffer any part of it to lie idle; the demand for labour is therefore proportioned to the extent of capital. Industry, we have already observed, knows no other limits. The capitalist who employs a new machine is no doubt the immediate gainer by it; but it is the public who derive from it the greatest and most lasting advantage. It is they who profit by the diminution of the price of the goods fabricated by the machine; and, singular as it may appear, no class of the public receives greater benefit from the introduction of those processes which abridge manual labour, than the working classes, as it is they who are most interested in the cheapness of the goods.' pp. 107-110.

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Art. IX. Petit Cadeau, à la Jeunesse, ou Fables Nouvelles, en Vers Français. Composées à Londres. Par M. A. Mejanel, Professeur de la Langue Française. 24mo. pp. 68. Price 1s. Dulau, 1816. HIS little volume is entitled to considerable commendation. The language is good, and the verse much more agreeable than is the general case of French poetry. These Fables are at once entertaining and instructive; and the moral is perfectly correct and just. Its general tendency is to eradicate habits of negligence, to suppress vanity, to incite to diligence, inculcate modesty, and to enforce obedience. The work is chiefly adapted to those who have already made some progress in the language, as the style is rather above the comprehension of younger children; not however that it is obscure or abstruse. The fables in regard to the tales, are suited to young persons of different ages. Some of them are beautifully simple, and are far superior to the general style of children's fables; particularly "Les deux Ecoliers;" "Les deux Chiens;" "La "Violette & la Tulipe;" and "Le Mensonge."

The name of God occurs twice; that of the devil once. These blemishes, it may be supposed, might escape the notice of a French writer even when children are concerned; to an English eye and ear however, they are exceedingly offensive and objectionable. We hope M. Mejanel, will soon have an opportunity of acknowledging the impropriety by excluding them from a new edition.

Art. X. Infancy, a Poem. By Thomas Brock, A.M. post 8vo. pp. 52. Price 3s. Whittingham and Arliss. 1816. No person possessed of the least degree of sensibility, will,

after perusing this little poem, be disposed to criticise it with cold and captious severity. It displays no small share of cultivated taste and correct feeling: the sentiments it contains are not merely just, but they are of that cast, of which poetry is the graceful and appropriate medium: and if the versification is not of a splendid character, if there are no brilliant cor

ruscations of thought, still, there is throughout the poem, an equable flow of graceful diction, and the subject to the last maintains its interest.

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The poem opens with an apostrophe to Love, the great actuating principle of good in the heart of man.' The Author announces that it is his intention, if time can be spared from more serious occupations, to pursue the subject of DOMESTIC LIFE through its several stages.'

The following extract describes the feelings of maternal happiness awakened by her new born infant.

He wakes! and soft expressive murmurs bear
The welcome message to her wistful ear:

Th' uncurtain'd silks her well-known form disclose-
Sudden he starts, he turns, he twines, he glows;
But, ere a plaint the thirsty wish exprest,
The blooming cherub revels at the breast!
Now to the swelling sphere his lips are glued,
Now with endearing hand he ranges rude
O'er the soft surface ;-curious to explore
The honied region whence such riches pour!
Quaff on, dear babe, by a fond mother prest,
Draw life and love, unsparing, from her breast:
No foreign sweets thy little hands engage,
No mercenary streams thy thirst assuage,
Nor quench the filial flame,-seraphic glow!
Rich recompense of the maternal throe!

· And now thou turn'st to smile in tender play-
Thy winged smile, the heart-reflected ray,
Its thrilling magic darts upon her soul:
In vain she strives her feelings to controul,
But, fondly hanging o'er the lovely boy,
Yields unresisting to a mother's joy!
The tear of rapture trembles in her eye,
And the full bliss heaves the relieving sigh!

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Oh! blest the parent, whose indulgent cares,

Affection sanctifies, rewards, endears:

A fairer world is open to her view

The world of feeling, where each sense is new!
Where Nature, cloth'd in more attractive charms,

Of apathy, the stoic-breast disarms;

Studious each hostile purpose to remove,

And open all the avenues to love!

Where, rapture wak'd in every circling vein,

Joy mounts to transport, and to pleasure pain ;

Where anguish charms; as Love inflicts the smart-
Pangs that enrich, and meliorate the heart;
Which teach the novice-bosom how to feel,
And the pure springs of tenderness reveal!
For, of parental thoughts, the soul, possest,
In their soft exercise alone is blest;
From Love, new pow'rs, new energies obtains,
And, in the life bestow'd, a new existence gains!'
pp. 12-15.

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