it has not been sent to and discussed by the sections.-(Suppressed.)

XLVII.

The Chamber of Deputies receives all proposals for taxes; it is not until they have been passed that they can be carried to the Chamber of Peers.-(Suppressed.)

XLVIII.

No tax can be imposed or enforced without the consent of both the Chambers and the sanction of the King.

XLIX.

The manorial tax is to be granted only for a year. Indirect taxes can be imposed for several years.

L.

The King convokes the Chambers every year; he prorogues them, and can dissolve the Chamber of Deputies; but in such a case he must call another within the space of three months.

LI.

A member of the Chamber cannot be arrested during the sittings, or six weeks before and after the sittings.

LII.

A member of the Chamber cannot be arrested for any criminal offence during the sittings, unless it be of a flagrant nature, and then only with the consent of the Chamber.

LIII.

Any petition to either of the Chambers must be made in and presented in writing; the law forbids any petition being presented personally at the bar of the Chamber.

LIV.

Ministers can be members of either Chamber; they have the right to enter both the Chambers, and be heard when they demand it.

LV.

The Chamber of Deputies has the right to impeach the ministers, and to have them tried by the Chamber of Peers, which alone has the privilege of judging.

LVI.

They can only be impeached for high treason or embezzlement. Special laws are provided for the prosecution of such crimes.-(Suppressed.)

(Articles LVII. to LXII. of the Old, the same as Articles XLVIII. to LIII. in the New Charter.)

LXIII.

There cannot, consequently, be appointed any commissions and ' tribunaux extraordinaires.' But the naming

LIV.

There cannot, in consequence, be appointed any special commissions or special sittings of courts of law, under

of the provost's jurisdic- any title or pretence

tion is not included un

der this denomination

whatever.

if their re-establishment

is deemed necessary.

(Articles LXIV. to LXXII. of the Old, the same as Articles LV. to LXIII. in the New Charter.

LXXIII.

The Colonies to be governed by special laws and regulations.

LXXIV.

The King and his successors at their coronation shall swear faithfully to observe the present Constitutional Charter.

LXV.

The King and his successors on their accession shall swear before the united Chambers to observe faithfully the Constitutional Charter.

LXXV.

The Deputies of France, after a dissolution, to retain their seats until they are replaced.-(Suppressed.)

LXXVI.

The first renewal of a fifteenth of the Chamber to date not earlier than the year 1816.-(Suppressed.) The following belong to the New Charter only:

LXVI.

The present Charter and its privileges are confided to the patriotism and courage of the national guards, and the citizens of France.

LXVII.

France reassumes her colours, and for the future no other cockade shall be worn than the tri-coloured cockade.

Special Provisions.

LXVIII.

All appointments and creation of Peers made during the reign of Charles X. declared to be null and void.

LXIX.

Separate laws to be provided for the following objects with as little delay as possible :

1. Use of Jury to crimes of the press and politi

cal offences.

2. The responsibility of ministers and other agents of power.

3. The re-election of Deputies and public functionaries who receive salaries.

4. Annual vote for the contingencies of the army.

5. Organization of the national guards, with the intervention of the said guards in the choice of their officers.

6. Arrangements which shall establish by law the state of officers of all ranks in the army and the navy.

7. Municipal and provincial institutions founded on an elective system.

8. Public instruction, and liberty to teach.

9. Abolition of the double vote, and fixing conditions as to election and eligibility.

LXX.

All laws and ordonnances contrary to the present reform of the Charter are declared to be null and void.

Vol. II. page 210.

Mr. T. Dehay, in his list of cities and towns in France (those of the department of the Seine excepted), gives-195 cities and towns possessing public libraries, containing between two to three millions of volumes, which, for a population of 32,000,000 souls, gives a proportion of one volume to every fifteen inhabitants. Paris, on the contrary, as I have said, has nine public libraries, containing 1,378,000 volumes, or three volumes to every two inhabitants, the capital containing 774,000 souls.

The number of works published in 1833 may be thus divided:

Poems, songs, incidental pieces, and irregular verse, 275.

Science, medicine, law, natural history in all its varieties, political economy, 532

Novels, tales, translated novels, fabulous legends, and traditions, works of imagination, 355.

History, facts, private and local narratives, disputations, sketches of history, 213.

Philosophy, metaphysics, morals, theories, 102.