members were called Roeites, otherwise Re- I remember seeing in N. & Q.' another formed Quakers (although not recognized version of the last couplet, readingby the Quakers proper), and the sect never The bud may have a bitter taste, extended beyond Calverton itself, where But wait and smell the flower. their one chapel and burial-ground-long Which is the original form? ago disused-are yet pointed out. Howitt, in one of his rural books, describes what he saw at a service in the chapel. I should be glad to learn if there exists any work of reference likely to supply a definite account of the Roeites and of their tenets. William A. STAPLETON. There are traces of wording on at least one other side, but they are very faint. Who was Mr. Arter ? WILLIAM MCMURRAY. CHURCH WITH WOODEN BELL-TURRET.— I should be glad if I could be assisted to locate the subject of a water-colour drawing, probably 1820 or earlier, depicting the exterior of the south side and east end of a small stone church consisting of nave and chancel. The nave shows a doorway and two windows, the latter placed noticeably high in the wall; the chancel, a large and a small doorway at the side, and a threelight, square-headed east window of the debased period. All the doors and windows have heavy hood-mouldings. The west end of the nave carries a square wooden bellturret. The site is on high ground, with village roofs lower on the left, and woods beyond. Under the east window are plain iron rails round a tomb. W. B. H. Replies. WATSON SURR EXHIBITION OF 1851: ITS MOTTO. (11 S. ii. 410, 452, 493.) THE motto The earth is the Lord's," &c., must, as MR. WARD states, be regarded as the motto of the Great Exhibition. It was well known to be a favourite with the Prince Consort, and in addition to its appearing on the cover and title-page of the Official Catalogue, it is placed on the title-pages of the volumes of the Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue. These I possess, in addition to my father's copy of the corrected edition of the Official Catalogue. The latter bears the imprint of Spicer Brothers, wholesale stationers, and of W. Clowes & Sons, printers, Contractors to the Royal Commission. Its price was 1s. in the building, and 1s. 3d. if bought at the City office or of booksellers. At the foot of the cover are these words :Say not the discoveries we make are our own. The germs of every act are implanted within us, And God our instructor, out of that which is concealed, by Prince Albert, the Queen's reply, and the prayer by the Archbishop of Canterbury. My father has written on the cover: "Second edition, 34 pages of advertisements, no duty." The back page is occupied by Bennett the watchmaker, who paid 1,000 guineas for the privilege, which was the largest sum at that time ever given for a single advertisement. The Religious Tract Society have the third page of the cover; and among others who have pages are John Murray; Colman of mustard fame; C. Cox, King William Street, Strand (devoted to works originally published by Charles Knight); and Charles Knight, 90, Fleet Street, his Cyclopædias and other books. On p. 32 of Part I. of the Official Illustrated Catalogue it is stated that the Committee appointed "to suggest inscriptions for the Prize Medals recommended for the medal to be executed after design No. 1 the following line, very slightly altered, from Manilius ( Astronomicon,' v. 737): Est etiam in magno quædam respublica mundo. For the medal from design No. 2, the following line from the first book of the Metamorphoses of Ovid (v. 25) : Dissociata locis concordi pace ligavit. For the medal design No. 3, the following line from Claudian (' Eidyll.,' vii. 20)— Artificis tacitæ quod meruere manus." Messrs. Spicer Brothers were the exhibitors of a large roll of paper 46 inches wide and 2,500 yards in length. This was the first time that the public were informed that it was possible to make paper of any length. 66 JOHN COLLINS FRANCIS. BARLOW TRECOTHICK, LORD MAYOR (11 S. ii. 209, 298, 335).-A portrait of Barlow Trecothick, if found, would be of interest to Bostonians, for some of his relatives were born here; others lived here; he himself was married here on 2 March, 1747, to Grizel. Apthorp, a daughter of Charles Apthorp of Boston; he was a friend to the American cause before the outbreak of the Revolution; and from 1765 to 1772 he was the agent in London for New Hampshire. He died not 2 June (as sometimes stated), but 28 May, 1775 (London Chronicle, 27-30 May, 1775, xxxvii. 511). 66 His father was Capt. Mark Trecothick, a mariner, who presumably died late in 1734 or early in 1735, as letters of administration were granted to his widow Hannah on 22 March, 1735. The estate was inventoried at 347. 28. Barlow Trecothick's brother Mark, also a mariner, was married here to Sarah Davis on 2 April, 1740. In his will, dated 2 August, 1745, Mark appointed the cutor, and mentioned above-mentioned Charles Apthorp his exemy Hond Mother Mrs Hannah Trecothick of Boston Widow," my Sister Hannah Trecothick," and my dered his account 7 April, 1747. Brother Edward." Charles Apthorp renThe widow, Sarah Trecothick, does not mention any Trecothick in her will, dated 28 January, account rendered 8 October, 1763, by her and proved 14 February, 1750; but in an executor (her brother Amos Davis) there the item, "To Barlow Trecothick, 66 is 1,2711. 28. 1ld." 1843. 66 Barlow Trecothick's sister Hannah was I do not think NEL MEZZO is quite correct born here 2 December, 1724; and here as to the motto of the Exhibition. The married James Ivers on 23 September, 1753. motto on the title-page of the Official Cata- Their son James Ivers was born here 7 July, logue is The earth is the Lord's and all that 1754; graduated at Harvard College in 1773; therein is, the compass of the world and took the name of Trecothick on the death they that dwell therein." The quotation of his uncle Barlow Trecothick; and died in he gives as the motto is the inscription on one of the medals, and the fault that he finds with its Latin is not apparent in the introduction to the Catalogue, where the offending word "concordia is correctly given "concordi." The quality of the Committee appointed to suggest inscriptions for the prize medals was too high to make such a blunder possible. The members were :The Hon. W. E. Gladstone, The Lord Lyttelton, The Hon. T. B. Macaulay, J. T. STEELE, A portrait of Barlow Trecothick's first wife, by Robert Feke, presumably taken before her marriage, still exists (or did exist in 1878) in Boston. She died at Addington, Surrey, 31 July, 1769, leaving no children. On 9 June, 1770, Barlow Trecothick married Ann Meredith. A portrait of her by Reynolds is reproduced in Graves and Cronin's History of the Works of Sir J. Reynolds.' In the same work (iii. 987) Mr. C. W. Franks says: "I was wrong in saying that Alderman Trecothick had no children. He had a son, and that son an only child, a daughter, who married Capt. Strachey, lately of Bownham, co. Gloucester." 66 son This statement is inaccurate, the facts appearing to be as follows. This was not the son of Barlow Trecothick, who left no children, but of James Trecothick (born Ivers). Under date of 21 February, 1777, this notice was printed in The London Chronicle of 20-22 February, xl. 179: "Yesterday was married at Spring-garden Chapel, James Trecothick, of Addington-place, in Surry, Esq., to Miss [Susanna] Edmonstone, eldest daughter of Sir Archibald Edmonstone, Bt." James and Susanna (Edmonstone) Tre cothick had six children. The Gentleman's Magazine for November, 1814, p. 496, records the following marriage : "Oct. 14. Barlow, eldest son of J. Trecothick, esq., to Eliza, second daughter of Rev. Dr. [John] Strachey, archdeacon of Suffolk." In the 1881 edition (p. 442) of Burke's Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage' it is stated that this Barlow Trecothick" has one daughter, Eliza Margaret, wife of Leonard M. Strachey, Esq." Boston, U.S. ALBERT MATTHEWS. TURCOPOLIER : KNIGHTS HOSPITALLERS (11 S. ii. 247, 336, 371).—It is perhaps worth noting what were the langues, &c., in 1798, when Bonaparte took possession of Malta. I quote from 'An Accurate Historical Account of all the Orders of Knighthood,' p. 9 et seq. : 64 The Order was classed at that Period into eight Languages, or Nations, viz. 1. Provence; 2. Auvergne; 3. France; 4. Italy; 5. Arragon; 6. Germany; 7. Castile; and 8. Anglo-Bavaria ; which last was added thereto, by the late Elector Palatin Charles Theodore de Sultzbach. That Prince conferred upon the Order all the Estates of the suppressed Society of the Jesuits, situated in Bavaria; and which, at the time of their suppression, had been united to the Electoral domains. Charles Augustus, Prince of Bretzenheim, was the first Grand-Prior of this Nation, or Language. He was invested therewith in 1786; and resigned that dignity in 1799, immediately upon the death of the Elector. of England. Turcopole signified anciently in the Levant, a Light-Horseman, or a kind of Dragoon. The Turcopolier had, in this Quality, the ComGuards of the Order. The military Orders gave mand of the Cavalry, and of the English Marine this Name to those light-armed Cavaliers, who were the Esquires, or Serving-Brothers, of the Knights-Hospitalers of Saint John, or Knights of Malta, of the Templars, and the Teutonic Knights.-Note of the Editor." The book from which I quote has neither name of author nor date. At the beginning is A Dissertation upon the existing State of Knighthood in Europe; addressed to the Right Honourable Horatio Viscount Nelson,' which proves that it was written or published some time between 22 May, 1801, and 21 October, 1805. Though published in London by J. White, Fleet Street, it was printed by J. C. Brüggemann, Herrlichkeit, Hamburgh. The above-quoted foot-note appears merely as an editorial note, but many of the foot-notes come from Hugh Clark's 'Concise History of Knighthood,' 1784. On pp. 15, 16, we read : "The last Grand-Master, duly elected, was Ferdinand Baron de Hompesch. "On the 24th of Nov. 1798 Paul the first, Emperor of Russia, assumed the dignity of GrandMaster of this Order. In 1799 His Imperial Majesty conferred the Ensigns thereof, upon the Honourable Emma Lady Hamilton, wife of the right Honourable Sir William Hamilton, Knight of the Bath, late His Britannic Majesty's EnvoyExtraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Naples: and upon Sir Home Popham, a Captain of the British Navy, who received the permission of His Sovereign to assume and wear the same.... "Sir Richard James Lawrence, is likewise a Knight of this Order." Clark's Concise History,' to the 'History The author refers (p. 17) particularly to of the Knights of Malta' by the Abbé de Vertot, and to Brydone's Tou,' presumably Patrick Brydone's Travels through Sicily and Malta,' London, 1774. I mentioned at 11 S. ii. 371 that the word Tоvρкóτоvλоs appears as a Cypriote word The Grand-Master, as well as the Cardinals, meaning a field-watchman. Perhaps the enjoys the Title of Eminence; and the Grand-word is a survival from the time (1291Officers of the Order, are as follows: 1. The Grand-Commander, is the oldest ber of the Language of Provence. 2. The Marshal, of that of Auvergne. 3. The Hospitaler, of that of France. 4. The Grand-Admiral, of that of Italy. 1309) when the Knights of St. John were 5. The Grand-Conservator of that of Arragon. 6. The Grand-Bailiff, of that of Germany. 7. The Grand-Chancellor, of that of Castile. 8. And the Turcopolier, or Captain-General of the Cavalry, of that of Anglo-Bavaria. A foot-note adds: Turcopolier, is a Term appertaining to the Order of Malta, which, previous to the Reformation, was the Title of the Chief of the Language - in two lines of the delineation Chaucer gives of his Miller in 'The Prologue,' 11. 562-3 :Wel coude he stelen corn, and tollen thryes; And yet he hadde a thombe of gold, pardee. See the illuminating and satisfactory note on the passage in the Clarendon Press edition of The Prologue,' &c., by Dr. Morris and Prof. Skeat. The miller, with his privilege of "multure" and so forth, is a robust figure in Scottish song, his various advantages and idiosyncrasies having manifestly made a strong appeal to those shrewd and candid observers whose literary gift is now the only evidence of their existence. One of the brightest of their lyrics, illustrating the miller's steady good fortune, opens thus : Merry may the maid be That marries the miller, For foul day and fair day He's ay bringing till her; Has ay a penny in his purse For dinner and for supper; And gin she please, a good fat cheese, And lumps of yellow butter. THOMAS BAYNE. Let MR. GERISH consult Chaucer. In the old time every tenant was bound to grind at the manor-mill, and the miller was paid by a toll of the grain, which toll he took and measured himself. In the days of itinerant butchers they also were suspected. Fifty years ago I can remember street-boys shouting after the butcher's man :— Butcher, butcher, killed a calf, Ran away with the best half. This was in the East Riding of Yorkshire. I have recently written about 'Itinerant Tailors' (11 S. ii. 505). I might have added itinerant butchers and pig-killers. W. C. B. Those interested in the subject of the toll levied by millers will find several references to the system as it existed in Scotland in 'The Monastery' (chap. xiii. and notes). Apropos of MR. GERISH's reference to the case of the honest miller of Great Gaddesden, I remember reading in Milling some years ago a paragraph about an epitaph which was said to mark the last resting-place of an American miller. It ran :— God works wonders now and then : The epitaph may possibly be apocryphal, 66 Sussex lays claim to an 'honest miller who resided at Chalvington; but tradition says that he throve so ill that he hanged himself to his own mill-post. For further particulars see Sussex Archæological Journal (vol. iii.), and The Antiquary for June, 1909, in which the subject of honest millers is dealt with in an article on 'Sussex Windmills.' P. D. M. [SCOTUS and A. T. W. also thanked for replies.] EMINENT LIBRARIANS (11 S. ii. 489, 538). -For G. H. Pertz, "Oberbibliothekar of the Royal Library, Berlin, see an article in Meyer's Konversationslexikon.' There is an account of his son Georg Pertz, who translated Burns into German, in Brümmer's 'Lexikon der deutschen Dichter des 19 Jahrhunderts.' G. H. Pertz's most important service to Germanic philology is his finding the manuscript of the Old High German Strassburger Blutsegen,' published by Jakob Grimm. An account of this monument is given in Paul's Grundriss der germanischen Philologie,' Band II., p. 66. H. G. WARD. Aachen. GREAT SNOW IN 1614 (11 S. ii. 508). — Stow refers to the severity of the winter of 1613-14 in his annals thus :— "The 17th of January began a great Frost, with extreame Snow which continued untill the 14th of February, and albeit the Violence of the Frost and Snow some dayes abated, yet it continued freezing and snowing much or little untill the 7th of March." Some account of this severe frost is to be found in a contemporary chapbook, the title-page of which runs as follows: Derbyshire)." "At York a heavy snow fell in January and eleven weeks frost, and then the river Ouse overflowed, which flooded the streets, and lasted ten days, destroying many bridges (Whittock's York)." The above quotations are from T. H. From my transcription of the ancient ALFRED CHAS. JONAS. A graphic account of a singular custom once prevalent in Dumfriesshire, indicative of the detestation in which the memory of the persecutor Grierson of Lag was long held in that part of Scotland, will be found in The Burns Country,' by Mr. C. S. Dougall, The observance, not 1904, pp. 271-4. necessarily confined, however, to the Christmas season, represented the persecutor as a grotesque animal figure, crawling on all fours in search of Whigs. SCOTUS. Fosbroke, Antiquities,' p. 668, states that some mummers bears, others like unicorns, bringing presents. were disguised like There is a small illustrated plate of these, and a reference to Strutt's Sports,' 124, 189, 190. TOM JONES. In my own childhood (fifteen to twenty years ago) at Epworth in Lincolnshire, we never had a Christmas tree, but always a bush of the type described by ANCHOLME. It was formed of two wooden hoops placed An interesting and verbatim account of one inside the other cross-wise, and then the great snow will be found in The Reli-trimmed with evergreens, such as holly, quary, vol. iv. p. 194, taken from the Youl- ivy, box, &c. Apples, oranges, and small greave parish register; also an account of a fancy articles were suspended from the great drought in the following spring, when framework, and a light hung in the middle only two showers of rain fell in over four I have seen such bushes in other months. Nature always pays its debts." houses not many years since in the same place, and my father tells me they were common in South Notts in his boyhood. the kissing-bush." It was there called H. I. B. We called it "the holly-bush." A. C. Describing the great snow in the winter of 1614-15, Chambers ('Domestic Annals of Scotland') quotes from Balfour's Annals of Scotland,' and cites other authorities to show the terrible severity of the season. W. SCOTT. 6 or below. 66 The earliest of those I knew over sixty years ago were much the same as described by ANCHOLME. The most used name for them in Derbyshire was "kissing-bush,' because at every cottage Christmas gathering every one child, maid, lad, as well as mother and father-had to be kissed under it, or, if it hung too low from the kitchen beam, by the side of it, and under it all the kissing forfeits in the games had to be redeemed. At one of the editorial references given I described the making of the Christmas 66 |