It comprises only an account of three springs: the Old Sulphur Well, the Tewit Spring, and the Old Spa. With that respect to his memory which his merits deserve, I beg leave to submit his own words, when summing up the estimate of his labours :-"I have now given a faithful account of my experiments on the three waters most generally used at Harrogate, and I hope a more accurate analysis of them than has yet been presented to the public. There is a great variety of waters at Harrogate, of which I have not yet been able to make any accurate analysis. Among the Sulphur waters in the bog, above the village of Low Harrogate, there are some which are strongly impreg nated with hepatic air, and which contain a very small quantity of saline matter; these I have found very useful in external applications in some cases, where those which contained more salt occasioned great pain. In one of the sulphur wells, situate in the bog, I have discovered alum, and I suspect salited clay. In a chalybeate water, near the road, [St. George's,] and not far from the Crescent Garden, the iron is dissolved in muriatic acid. Sufficient attention has not been paid to these numerous waters, and many of them, though per haps capable of very useful application, have not yet been used. I hope, however, in the course of

another year, to be able to lay the analysis of them all before the public." That hope was never realized; although the necessity for it must be pretty evident to the reader, who will, I believe look in vain for alum or muriate of iron in the waters referred to.

Thus from the discovery of various important springs, and the changes in others, with the general improvements which have taken place, it can in no respect be now considered as a suitable directory to these waters.

In 1820, Dr. Scudamore published the results. of an autumnal excursion of the preceding year, to a considerable number of the most fashionable watering places in England, in which the principal springs at Harrogate are mentioned. That part of the work relating to Harrogate, taking into account the shortness of his visit, amounting only to two or three days, is creditable to Dr. Scudamore both in style and execution. He is too well aware of "the almost endless details of chemical analysis," to consider his labours at Harrogate as equal to the object intended by the present publication. Besides these works, all of which might be considered to have been respectable in their day, there has been of late years, a constant succession of small "water doctors," who on their first arrival,

seldom fail to pay their respects to the Old Sulphur Well in the form of a pamphlet analysis. As to hold fast the doctrine of sound words, as well as the results of an accurate analysis, has many advantages, and prevents mistakes, by subtracting a few grains from one material, and adding it to another, they very adroitly contrive to make a distinction without a difference. To such ephemeral productions it is equally unnecessary and unprofitable further to refer. Having thus briefly, and I hope candidly, noticed the labours of others, I now proceed to consider the nature and properties of the different waters.

ANALYSIS.

THE mineral springs at Harrogate are now so numerous, and their contents so various, that it becomes necessary to divide them into classes. This arrangement will materially conduce to a clear understanding of their properties, while it enables the physician to order, and the patient to use, that kind of water applicable to the case. The following classes are given more in reference to their present acknowledged importance than with any regard to priority of discovery or use. They are naturally divided into four:

Class I. Springs impregnated with sulphuretted hydrogen gas and saline matter.

II. Saline chalybeate springs.

III. Pure chalybeate springs.

IV. Springs containing earthy salts, with little iron and no sulphuretted hy

drogen gas.

To render this classification fully understood, it may be proper to observe that as water is the most

universal solvent with which we are acquainted, it is never in its natural state found absolutely pure * In class 1st and 4th, therefore, the term saline matter means that the water holds a larger portion than usual of saline or earthy salts in solution, while pure chalybeate in class 2nd, implies a large proportion of iron, with a comparatively small quantity of other foreign ingredients.

Of the eighteen different springs, the particular analysis of which is here given.

To Class I, Springs impregnated with sulphu-
retted hydrogen gas and saline matter, belong
Old Sulphur Well.
Thackwray's Garden Spring.
Crescent New Spring.

Starbeck, or Knaresborough Sulphur Spring.
Hospital Well, with the four sulphuretted
springs immediately adjoining the Old
Sulphur Well.

To Class II, Saline chalybeate springs.

Oddy's Saline Chalybeate or Cheltenham.
To Class III, Pure chalybeate springs.
Oddy's Chalybeate.
Old Spa.

The Malvern Holy Well, and the Ilkley Fountain, in Wharfdale are considered two of the purest natural springs in E gland: yet from Dr. Wall's Analysis of the former, and my own experiments upon the. latter, they contain nearly one grain of saline matter in a pint of water.