Spectroscopy of Transition Metal Ions on SurfacesBert M. Weckhuysen, Pascal Voort, Gabriela Catana Leuven University Press, 2000 - 308 pagina's Chemical industries are based on catalytic processes as both bulk and fine chemicals are often produced with heterogeneous catalysts. Transition metal ions dispersed on high-surface area inorganic solids are very important catalysts and a full characterization of these materials requires a profound knowledge of the oxidation state, coordination environment and dispersion of the metal ions on the catalyst surface. Such information can only be obtained by using a combination of complementary spectroscopic techniques. 'Spectroscopy of Transition metal ions on Surfaces' serves as an introduction to some of the most important spectroscopic techniques nowadays used for studying the chemistry and catalytic properties of transition metal ions on surfaces. The basic principles and the strengths and weaknesses of continuous wave electron spin resonance, pulsed electron spin resonance, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are critically reviewed by internationally recognized experts. This gives the reader a solid background for judging literature results and for planning and conducting his/her own experiments. Each chapter closes with several relevant examples mainly from the recent literature. In addition, the use of in situ techniques and chemometrical techniques has been included because of its growing importance in catalyst characterization. As a consequence, the book has been written as a text not only for graduate students, but also for anyone else who is new in the field and wants a recent update. The following scientists have contributed to this textbook: Br. |
Veelvoorkomende woorden en zinsdelen
absorption adsorbed adsorption alumina assigned atoms B.M. Weckhuysen band binding energy binding-energy bond calcination Catal cavity characterization Chem chemical shift Chemistry cm¹ Co² complex components coordination coupling Cr² Cr³ Cr3+ crystal field crystalline Cu2+ detected diffuse reflectance doublet echo electron spin Electron Spin Resonance ENDOR ESEEM ESR signal ESR spectra experimental Fe3+ frequency heterogeneous catalysts hyperfine infrared intensity interaction isotropic K.U.Leuven Knözinger Larmor frequency ligands magnetic field materials measurements metal oxide microwave modulation molecular molecular sieves molecules MoO3 nuclear spin nuclei obtained octahedral orbitals oxide catalysts oxygen paramagnetic parameters peaks phase Phys powder protons pulse quantitative quantum number R.A. Schoonheydt Raman scattering Raman spectroscopy ratio reaction reduction sample silica solid spectrometer spectrum splitting structure symmetry techniques temperature tetrahedral transition metal transition metal ions values vanadium vibrations WAVENUMBER X-band zeolite