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against the Jews, and prevented the rebuilding the temple, and even the return of the captivity.

But now the Devil's power manifestly received a check, and the hand of God appeared in it, and that he was resolved to re-establish his people the Jews, and to have a second temple built the Devil who knew the extent of his own power too well, and what limitations were laid upon him, stood still, as it were looking on, and not daring to oppose the return of the captivity, which he very well knew had been prophesied, and would come to pass.

He did indeed make some little opposition to the building, and to the fortifying the city, but as it was to no purpose, so he was soon obliged to give it over; and thus the captivity being returned, and the temple rebuilt, the people of the Jews increased and multiplied to an infinite number and strength; and from this time, we may say the power of the Devil rather declined and decreased, than went on with success, as it had done before; it is true the Jews fell into sects and errors, and divisions of many kinds, after the return from the captivity, and no doubt the Devil had a great hand in those divisions; but he could never bring them back to idolatry, and his not being able to do that, made him turn his hand so many ways to plague and oppress them; as particularly by Antiochus the Great, who brought the abomination of desolation into the holy place; and there the Devil triumphed over them for some time; but they were delivered many ways, till at last they came peaceably under the protection, rather than the dominion, of the Roman empire; when Herod the Great governed them as a king, and re-edified, nay, almost rebuilt their temple, with so great an expense and magnificence, that he made it, as some say, greater and more glorious than that of Solomon's, though that I take to be a great-fable, to say no worse of it.

In this condition the Jewish church stood, when the fulness of time, as it is called in Scripture, was come; and the Devil was kept at bay, though he had made some encroachments upon them as above; for there was a glorious remnant of saints among them, such as old Zacharias, the father of John the Baptist, and old Simeon, who waited for the salvation of Israel; I say, in this condition the Jewish church stood when the Messiah came into the world, which was such another mortal stab to the thrones and principalities infernal, as that of which I have spoken already in chap. iii. at the

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creation of man; and therefore with this I break off the antiquities of the Devil's history, or the ancient part of his kingdom; for from hence downward we shall find his empire has declined gradually; and though by his wonderful address, his prodigious application, and the vigilance and fidelity of his instruments, as well human as infernal and diabolical, and of the human, as well the ecclesiastic as the secular, he has many times retrieved what he has lost, and sometimes bid fair for recovering the universal empire he once possessed over mankind, yet he has still been defeated again, repulsed and beaten back, and his kingdom has greatly declined in many parts of the world; and especially in the northern parts, except Great Britian; and how he has politically maintained his interest, and increased his dominion among the wise and righteous generation that we cohabit with and among, will be the subject of the modern part of Satan's history, and of which we are next to give an account.

THE MODERN

HISTORY OF THE DEVIL.

PART II.

CHAPTER I.

I HAVE examined the antiquites of Satan's history in the former part of this work, and brought his affairs down from the creation, as far as to our blessed Christian times; especially to the coming of the Messiah, when one would think the Devil could have nothing to do among us. I have indeed but touched at some things which might have admitted of a farther description of Satan's affairs, and the particulars of which we may all come to a farther knowledge of hereafter; yet I think I have spoken to the material part of his conduct, as it relates to his empire in this world; what has happened to his more sublimated government, and his angelic capacities, I shall have an occasion to touch at in several solid particulars as we go along.

The Messiah was now born, the fulness of time was come, that the old serpent was to have his head broken; that is to say, his empire or dominion over man, which he gained by the fall of our first father and mother in Paradise, received a downfall or overthrow.

It is worth observing, in order to confirm what I have already mentioned of the limitation of Satan's power, that not only his angelic strength seems to have received a farther blow upon the coming of the Son of God into the world, but he seems to have had a blow upon his intellects; his serpentine craft and devil-like subtilty seems to have been circumscribed and cut short; and instead of his being so cunning a fellow

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as before, when, as I said, it is evident he outwitted all mankind, not only Eve, Cain, Noah, Lot, and all the patriarchs, but even nations of men, and that in their public capacity, and thereby led them into absurd and ridiculous things, such as the building of Babel, and deifying and worshipping their kings, when dead and rotten; idolizing beasts, stocks, stones, anything, and even nothing; and, in a word, when he managed mankind just as he pleased.

Now, and from this time forward, he appeared a weak, foolish, ignorant devil, compared to what he was before; he was upon almost every occasion resisted, disappointed, balked and defeated, especially in all his attempts to thwart or cross the mission and ministry of the Messiah, while he was upon earth, and sometimes upon other and very mean occasions

too.

And first, how foolish a project was it, and how below Satan's celebrated artifice in like cases, to put Herod upon sending to kill the poor innocent children in Bethlehem, in hopes to destroy the infant? for I take it for granted, it was the Devil put into Herod's thoughts that execution, how simple and foolish soever; now we must allow him to be very ignorant of the nativity himself, or else he might easily have guided his friend Herod to the place where the infant was.

This shows that either the Devil is in general ignorant as we are, of what is to come in the world, before it is really come to pass, and consequently can foretel nothing, no, not so much as our famous old Merlin or Mother Shipton did, or else that great event was hid from him by an immediate power superior to his, which I cannot think neither, considering how much he was concerned in it, and how certainly he knew that it was once to come to pass.

But be that as it will, it is certain the Devil knew nothing where Christ was born, or when; nor was he able to direct Herod to find him out, and therefore put him upon that foolish, as well as cruel order, to kill all the children, that he might be sure to destroy the Messiah among the rest.

The next simple step that the Devil took, and, indeed, the most foolish one that he could ever be charged with, unworthy the very dignity of a devil, and below the understanding that he always was allowed to act with, was that of coming to tempt the Messiah in the wilderness; it is certain, and he owned it himself afterwards upon many occasions, that the

Devil knew our Saviour to be the Son of God; and it is as certain that he knew, that as such he could have no power or advantage over him; how foolish then was it in him to attack him in that manner, If thou beest the Son of God? why he knew him to be the Son of God well enough; he said so afterwards, I know thee, who thou art, the holy one of God; how then could he be so weak a devil as to say, If thou art, then do so and so?

The case is plain, the Devil, though he knew him to be the Son of God, did not fully know the mystery of the incarnation; nor did he know how far the inanition of Christ extended, and whether as man, he was not subject to fall, as Adam was, though his reserved Godhead might be still immaculate and pure; and upon this foot, as he would leave no method untried, he attempts him three times, one immediately after another; but then, finding himself disappointed, he fled.

This evidently proves that the Devil was ignorant of the great mystery of godliness, as the text calls it, God manifest in the flesh; and therefore made that foolish attempt upon Christ, thinking to have conquered his human nature, as capable of sin, which it was not; and at this repulse hell groaned, the whole army of regimented devils received a wound, and felt the shock of it; it was a second overthrow to them, they had had a long chain of success, carried a devilish conquest over the greatest part of the creation of God; but now they were cut short, the seed of the woman was now come to break the serpent's head, that is, to cut short his power, to contract the limits of his kingdom, and, in a word, to dethrone him in the world: no doubt the Devil received a shock, for you find him always afterwards crying out in a horrible manner, whenever Christ met with him, or else very humble and submissive, as when he begged leave to go into the herd of swine, a thing he has often done since.

Defeated here, the first stratagem I find him concerned in after it, was his entering into Judas, and putting him upon betraying Christ to the chief priest; but here again he was entirely mistaken, for he did not see, as much a devil as he was, what the event would be; but when he came to know, that if Christ was put to death he would become a propitiatory, and be the great sacrifice of mankind, so to rescue the fallen race from that death they had incurred the penalty of

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