SCARBOROUGH SPA (11 S. iii. 129).-The earliest association of the term 'Spe' with Scarborough will be found in Thomas Hinderwell's History and Antiquities of Scarborough and Vicinity,' 4to, with plan and plates of views, York, 1798. It is described as being one of the most accurate and interesting of all the English topographical works, being a complete history and description, not only of the town end its stupendous castle, but also of the surrounding country, &c. Hinderwell says :—

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Mrs. Farrow, a sensible and intelligent lady, who lived at Scarborough about the year 1620, sometimes walked along the shore, and observing the stones over which the waters passed to have received a russet colour, and finding it to have an acid taste, different from the common springs, and to receive a purple tincture from galls, thought it probably might have a medicinal property. Having, therefore, made an experiment herself, and persuaded others to do the same, it was found to be efficacious in some complaints, and became the usual physic of the inhabitants. It was afterwards in great reputation with the citizens of York, and the gentry of the county, and at length was so generally recommended, that several persons of quality came from a great distance to drink it; preferring it before all the others they had formerly frequented, even the Italian, French and German spaws.'

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The mixture is described as a compound of vitriol, iron, alum, nitre, and salt, and Mr. J. S. Fletcher, in his 'Picturesque Yorkshire,' seys that it is much more than probable that visitors at last took a healthy dislike to it, and a hearty liking to the scenery which surrounded the stones of a russet colour." 'It is not generally observed," says the latest historian of Yorkshire, that the people who frequent Scarborough are 28 devotedly attached to the "spaw waters as to other liquids which may be obtained in the refreshment-rooms of the adjoining saloon.' The following authors have written upon the Scarborough" Spa": Drs. Wittie, Simpson, Tunstall, Short, Shaw, and Belcombe, by whom the waters have been analyzed.

J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.

This spa was first discovered about 1620 by Mrs. Farrow, & Scarborough gentlewoman, who, observing the stones in the watercourse to be of a russet tincture, and finding the water to possess an acid taste, &c., concluded it to be of medicinal value. She took it herself, and advised its use to her neighbours, and it soon became the common physic of the neighbourhood. In a few years its fame reached Hull. Dr. Robert Wittie, who practised there from 1638 to 1656, often recommended the water to his patrons, and on his removel to York in 1656 he prepared his work upon it entitled Scerborough Spaw, or a Description of the Nature and Virtues of the Spew et Scarborough,' published 29 May, 1660.

The connexion between Col. Fairfax and

Scarborough Spa through Dr. Wittie seems fairly obvious. These particulars ere, in the main, deduced from "The Natural, Experimental, and Medicinal History of the Mineral Waters of Derbyshire, Lincolnshire, and Yorkshire, particularly those of Scerborough, by

Thomas Short, M.D., of Sheffield," London, 1734, published in pursuance of a resolution passed at a meeting of the Council of the Royal Society dated E. G. B. 17 Sept., 1733.

6

The earliest medical book seems to be Dr. R. Wittie's Scarbrough Spaw, or description of its Nature and Virtues,' 12mo, pubS. D. C. lished in London in 1660.

MARINE INSURANCE (11 S. iii. 107). Has MR. WHITWELL looked at the bibliographies referred to by me in the Register of National Bibliography' under the word insurance? The first is a volume by Mr. Frederick Martin on the History of Lloyds (1876). It contains on pp. xi-xx a bibliography of marine insurance. The second is a work on marine insurance by William Gow. The second edition came out in 1900, and contains on pp. xiii-xiv a list of the literature on the subject. The fourth edition appeared in 1909, and the bibliography is on pp. xvii-xviii.

W. P. COURTNEY.

it is on record that the magistrates of Barcelona in 1435 issued an ordinance in relation to it. And it may also be noted in English history that Lord Keeper Bacon in opening Queen Elizabeth's first parliament in 1559 used words to this effect: "doth not the wise merchant, in every adventure of danger, give part to have the rest assured?" It need only be added that treatises on marine insurance (but possibly not of the kind the querist requires) are published by Messrs. Sweet & Maxwell, and also by Mr. Butterworth. ROW TAY.

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THE BLACK PRINCE'S LANGUAGE (11 S. iii. 7, 116). The words E lo bort, es mort o pres?....Noy ay res fait are in the Limousin dialect of Occitanian, a dialect which has scarcely changed from the days of Bertram de Born to the present day when the "sirventès " of Prosper Estiéu are written in the same vigorous strain. The Black Prince spoke this language, as did our Richard a century and a half before him. I may note that noy" is a contraction of non i," so that the answer is equivalent to Fr. "[je] n'y ai rien fait."

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Paris.

EDWARD NICHOLSON.

SIR CHARLES CHALMERS, BT. (11 S. iii. 89). Sir Charles Chalmers, Baronet, was a Captain in the Royal Regiment of Artillery, and died unmarried, it is said, at Pondi cherry, on the Coromandel Coast, November, 1760. He had been recognized at the office of Lord Lyon, King of Arms, as a Baronet of Nova Scotia, and as the heir male of the estate of Cults in the parish of Jarland, co. Aberdeen; but it is difficult to say when the baronetcy was created for which he was served heir.

The only baronet of the name of Chalmers known to have been created was Sir James Chalmers, son of Gilbert Chalmers, Laird of Cults in the parish of Jarland, co. Aberdeen," who was created a baronet of Scotland, November 24, 1664, with remainder to the heirs male of his body; and this baronetcy is generally supposed to have

The baronetcy inherited by Sir Charles Chalmers was conferred in 1664. He was a grandson of the first baronet. An account of the family will be found in Anderson's 'Scottish Nation,' i. 618-19. The career of Sir Charles as sketched by Anderson differs somewhat from Major Leslie's account. He is said, for example, to have died at Pondicherry. His successors in the title (there was no estate) are traced down to the early decades of last century. Sir George Chalmers, the son of Sir Charles, was an eminent painter. His son, Sir Robert, a naval commander, died at Portsea in 1807. The son of Sir Robert was Sir Charles W. Chalmers, an officer in the royal navy. According to Anderson, he was the last baronet of whom there is any account." SCOTUS.

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[MR. H. J. B. CLEMENTS also thanked for reply.]

Notes on Books, &c.

The Cambridge History of English Literature. Edited by A. W. Ward and A. R. Waller.The Drama to 1642. Vol. V. Part I. Vol. VI. Part II. (Cambridge University Press.) THIS excellent history of literature is making steady advance, and has already, we think, established itself with serious scholars as a survey full in detail, and at the same time representing the views of experts chosen from various parts of the world. The editors in these volumes have gone to the learned of Cracow, Wisconsin and Harvard, Belfast and Leeds, besides the two great English foundations. This wide range of of The Encyclopædia Britannica' which is contributors, also to be seen in the new edition issuing from the Cambridge University Press, shows that scholarship has no boundaries, and is a pleasant contrast to those earlier days when the University Presses were virtually confined to the productions of the local alumni.

As before, we note an admirable arrangement into chapters, which greatly facilitates the work of the student. The first volume before us is concerned with early English drama as manipieces, tragedy, and comedy. Chapters fested in its origins, secular influences, religious devoted to The Plays of the University Wits,' 'Marlowe and Kyd,' and Lesser Elizabethan

are

The second volume is chiefly concerned with notable dramatists from Ben Jonson to Ford and Shirley, but chapters are also devoted to The Elizabethan Theatre,' 'The Children of the Chapel Royal and their Masters,' University Plays,' Masque and Pastoral,' and The Puritan Attack upon the Stage.' This survey, in two volumes, covers the field with a plenitude of learning which is sufficient to daunt the confidence of the most assured critic.

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Leaving for the moment the greatest name, we may mention some of the articles which have struck us most. Mr. Harold Child's work on 'Secular Influences and the Elizabethan Theatre' is admirable alike in style and matter. Mr. Arthur Symons in his chapter on Middleton and Rowley writes with a distinction and a precision of phrase which are all his own. Particularly to be commended are his generalizations on the stage of the day, and that to us surprising licence of violence which shows that it had no character to keep up.' Mr. G. C. Macaulay has a lucid and judicious study of 'Beaumont and Fletcher.' The comparison of Fletcher's style with Shakespeare's is noteworthy (vol. vi. p. 118). In vol. v. Dr. Ward's papers on The Origins of English Drama' and Some Political and Social Aspects' are not only valuable and close-packed summaries, but also put us in touch with modern life by references to the pageants of to-day, Oberammergau, and such occupations as drinking and smoking. Advancement in Colleges and Universities did not in those days always coincide with merit, but Dr. Ward is able to claim an advantage in intellectual condition for Cambridge Oxford for several years. This was due to the lesser hold the Puritans had on Cambridge. Their attack on the stage is well handled by Mr. J. Dover Wilson at the end of vol. vi. University Plays,' treated by Mr. F. S. Boas, had their culmination in Ruggle's Ignoramus,' which King James I. insisted on seeing twice. On the other hand, in 1613, when Prince Charles Frederick, the Elector Palatine, saw a comedy of Brooke's, he slept during the greater part of the performance which lasted from seven in the evening till one.

over

6

Prof. Thornydyke of Columbia writes ably on Ben Jonson, and concludes with the note that Dickens, who knew Jonson's plays "well, and himself acted Bobadill, must to no inconsiderable extent have been indebted to their suggestion." We do not believe this, and think it more reasonable to say that Jonson influenced Fielding and Smollett, who influenced Dickens. Prof. Saintsbury's two chapters on the Life and Plays of Shakespeare and the Poems,' written in his characteristic style (incidentally he defends the use of neologisms), are full of good sense, and state briefly and lucidly the main points which any one attacking the question of fact and legend ought to consider, while largely brushing away that mist of probabilities or possibilities which critics often substitute for certainties. The information available, according to him, comes to very little, though other people think it comes to a great deal. The summary of the plays and their

critical attitude of the Professor is always enlightening. In discussing Hamlet' he dwells on the character of Claudius, a welcome change after the reams that have been blackened by studies of the prince and protagonist of the play, There is a useful comparison drawn between Thackeray and Shakespeare and their methods of vivifying character. Nothing much is said of the special sides-law, classics, &c.-on which Shakespeare has been studied; but this is, perhaps, not much loss. The mastery of 'trisyllabic substitution" in blank verse is noted as founded on good principles of English prosody.' It is also, we might add, eminently Greek.

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In the Plays attributed to Shakespeare' Prof. Moorman finds nothing of the master, except in the case of The Two Noble Kinsmen.' The Rev. Ernest Walder has a succinct account of 'The Text of Shakespeare,' which is meritorious in the main as should, however, have laid before readers the a survey of a difficult question. He definite statement of Heminge and Condell at the beginning of the First Folio. That statement is remarkable in many ways as going counter to what we might expect, but we do not think it fair to disregard it, as some do, as the untrustworthy advertisement of a tradesman. Mr. J. G. Robertson's 'Shakespeare on the Continent is full of interesting detail which is little known. With these guides and the formidable Bibliographies the student should be well equipped to form a judgment on our supreme poet.

of

We note a few items in this last section, where. course, individual opinion must prevail, Tolstoy's criticism is mentioned, but not the actual booklet in English. Our copy is called Tolstoy on Shakespeare' (Everett & Co.), and includes also some fireworks by Mr. Bernard botany there Shaw. In is Shakespeare's Garden,' by the Rev. J. Harvey Bloom (Methuen, We think that the late Alfred Nutt pub1903). lished a paper on the fairies of Shakespeare; and there is a book on Shakespeare and Music (1890) by Mr. E. W. Naylor, a Cambridge man, We should also have mentioned the new edition of Mr. W. Carew Hazlitt's Shakespear: Man and his Work' (Quaritch, 1908). Mr. J. L.. The Name of William Haney has written on Shakespeare: a Study in Orthography' (Philadelphia, 1906). Cambridge Shakespeare," edited by W. A. Neilson (Houghton & Mifflin,, 1906), is a useful one-volume edition. Julius Cæsar,', for which two commentaries only are given, is available in The Elizabethan Shakespeare,' edited by W. H. Hudson (Harrap). Swinburne's volume A Study of Shakespeare, given as of 1880, reached a fourth edition in 1902. Under Special Aspects we

The

the

should add Criminal Types in Shakespeare,' by A. Goll, a translation from the Danish by Mrs. C. Weekes Shakespeare's Proverbs,' by (Methuen, 1909). Mary Cowden Clarke, edited by W. J. Rolfe (Putnam, 1908), is an attractive collection. lett's Concordance is preferable to M. C. Clarke's, the act and scene. as containing notice of the actual line as well as

Bart

We forbear to add more, and it is possible that some of the books we note have been mentioned and have escaped our eye. If so, it is not the fault of the Bibliography, which is arranged in excellent subdivisions.

BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES.-FEBRUARY. MESSRS. DEIGHTON BELL & Co.'s Catalogue 22, New Series, contains Rothschild's Extinct Birds, imp. 4to, half-morocco, 201. Foster's Stuarts, 2 vols., folio, one of 550 copies, 61. 68. Stubbs's Cambridge, roy. 4to, one of a hundred copies, 21. 28. Byron, the edition de luxe of Coleridge and Prothero, 13 vols., 4to, 250 copies printed, 61. 68. There are works under Theology and Church History, besides Greek and Latin Classics, Archæology and Philology, and Oriental Literature. The last section includes The Jataka, being tales of the Anterior Births of Gotama Buddha, 7 vols., 1877-97, 21. 158. Under Palestine Exploration Fund is The Survey of Western Palestine, 8 vols., 4to, 127. 128. Natural History includes Jarrell's British Birds, 4 vols., 21. 12s. 6d. There are 47 vols. of The Annual Register, 1760-1814, 11. 158. Under Freemasonry is Gould's History, 6 vols., 4to, ll. 18. A copy of Gladstone's Past Years, 1843-78, 7 vols., is priced 158. Among works under Bibliography is Hindley's Catnach Press, 4to, 128. 6d., and Catalogue of the Printed Books and MSS. in the Rylands Library, 3 vols., 4to, 21. 108. There is the first series of the Early English Dramatists, edited by Farmer, 13 vols., 4to, large paper, only 60 copies printed, 21. 158. Also the Tudor Facsimile Texts, edited by Farmer, 43 vols., 4to and folio, 427. 10s. The publications of the English Dialect Society from the commencement in 1873 to 1900 complete, including Parish's Dictionary of the Sussex Dialect, 7 vols., half-calf, and the remainder in original wrappers, are offered for 157. Among additions are Littré's Dictionary, Paris, 1877-8, 5 vols., 4to, half-morocco, 31. 10s. The Vatican Bible, 1209, one of the hundred copies of the complete reproduction, 4 vols., imp. 4to, 201. Eighteenth-Century Colour Prints, one of fifty copies, 10. 108.; Old English Masters engraved by Cole, 127. 128. The life and works of the Wards, by Frankau, 151. Under Walt Whitman is the Book Lover's Camden Edition, New York, 1902, 10 vols., half-vellum, 91. 98.

Messrs. S. Drayton & Sons, Exeter, forward Catalogues 222 and 223. The former contains Britton's Cathedral Antiquities, 5 vols., 4to, half-morocco, 1836, 21. 15s.; the first edition of Casa Guidi Windows, Chapman & Hall, 1851, 12s. 6d. ; and some curious old Children's Books. Under Local is an account of the Bristol Riots, 2 vols., 1832, 12s. 6d. There are works under Heraldry, Ireland, Natural History, &c. Catalogue 223 is devoted to Divinity, and includes the names of Newman, R. J. Campbell, Dean Alford, Henry Drummond, Liddon, Hook, Stanley, and many others.

Mr. Francis Edwards sends two catalogues. The one devoted to important books on Native Races comprises Skeat and Blagden's Malay Races and Skeat's Malay Magic; Dennett's and Leonard's The Negroes of West Africa, and others, all at greatly reduced prices. The other catalogue is a short list of new remainders: we note Boccaccio, Rigg's translation, with Chalon's twelve fine plates, the two volumes with separate portfolio, containing 8 extra plates, 17. 68. Holmes's Bookbindings in the Royal Library at Windsor, 4to, 27. 10s. ; Cox's Introduction to Folk-lore, 18. 9d.; Jennings's Rosicrucians, 48. 6d.;

The Literary Club edition of Dr. Johnson's Complete Works, 16 vols., roy. 8vo, cloth, gilt literature is The Mafeking Mail, a news-sheet tops, 31. 38., published at 87. Under a curiosity in published daily during the siege, 18s.

Mr. William Glaisher's Catalogue 375 is a supplementary one of Publishers Remainders. We note a few: Delane of 'The Times,' 2 vols., 78. 6d.; Duke of Argyll's Passages from the Past,' 2 vols., 58.; The Letters of Lord Chesterfield,' 3 vols., 8s. 3d.; Life of the Right Hon. Hugh Childers,' 2 vols., 38. 6d.; The Orrery Papers,' 2 vols., 98.; Dobell's Sidelights on Lamb,' 2s. 6d.; Wright's Life of Walter Pater,' 2 vols., 78. 6d.; Scott, 25 handy pocket volumes, India paper, calf, in cloth cabinet, 21. 28.; Seyffert's 'Dictionary of Antiquities,' large 4to, 6s.; and Herbert Spencer's Autobiography,' 2 vols., 6s. 6d. Under the heading A Great Art Work' is The Bible in Art,' 786 illustrations, 2 massive 4to volumes, 128.

Mr. J. Jacobs's Catalogue 56 opens with a Collection of Spiritualistic Manuscript Records made by Henderson Mackenzie, bound in 7 vols., 4to., 1857-65, 12. 128. Under Carlyle are first editions. Defoe items include the first edition of The Fortunate Mistress, 1724, 5l. 58. (wants frontispiece, age-stained throughout). We note a copy of Shakespeare, Stockdale's edition, 1807, 6 vols., 4to, 10l. 10s., and some early and rare Tracts by Swift. Under Tortoise-Shell Binding is Le Nouveau Testament, Amsterdam, 1697, and Les Pseavmes de David, together in 1 vol., 21. 28. Works under Americana, George Colman, France, and Paris are also offered. Among Autograph Letters is one of George Washington's, August, 1778, written from Fort Wayne, 31. 38.

[Notices of other Catalogues held over.]

Notices to Correspondents.

ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately, nor can we advise correspondents as to the value of old books and other objects or as to the means of disposing of them.

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