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From the private notes of Philip Margetts, Sen., of this city, who at that time was a prominent member of the dramatic company, and played a leading instrument in the Nauvoo Brass Band, it may be seen that during May, 1851, there was a theatrical performance in the Bowery in Great Salt Lake City, by the Nauvoo Brass Band and others. The evening's performance commenced with the second act of "Robert Macaire, or The Two Murderers," a melodrama by Charles Selby, with the following named ladies and gentlemen in the cast of characters: Gomeril, Wm. Glover; Dumont, E. Martin; Robert Macaire, John M. Kay; Jacques, H. B. Clawson; Pierre, Phil. Margetts; Charles, E. Ellsworth; Sergeant Lumpy, H. K. Whitney; Louis, H. Margetts; Gend'armes, R. T. Bur

ton

and G. D. Grant; Marie, Miss Orem; Clementine, Miss M. Judd. Song, Mrs. M. Gratricks. The performance concluded with the laughable farce of "The Dead Shot," characters by the company.

In June the foundations of the Tabernacle were laid in this city, on the Temple Block. Several theatrical entertainments were given during the month by the Deseret Amateur Choir, Wm. Pitt captain and manager. On the sixteenth of May, Wm. H. Dame was elected Mayor of Parowan City, and the municipal authorities chosen.

The sale of

spirituous liquors was prohibited in Great Salt Lake City, except by physicians appointed by the City Council, by an ordinance passed June 16, 1851.

On the fourth of July of this year a grand procession was formed in Great Salt Lake City, to go to Black Rock, on the Great Salt Lake. While they were away the city was guarded by a body of fifty mounted men, with watchmen and guards in each of the wards. Horace S. Eldredge, Esq., as marshal of the day,

committee of arrangements were: S. M. Blair, Jeter Clinton, Joseph Cain, Samuel W. Richards, Alonzo H. Raleigh and L. W. Hardy. First, a military escort, commanded by Gen. D. H. Wells; second: the band carriage, with Capt. Pitt's Nauvoo Brass Band. This carriage was drawn by sixteen mules, four abreast, and attended by six mounted guards. Third: the First Presidency, Brigham Young and suite, Heber C. Kimball and suite. Fourth: the Twelve Apostles, Wilford Woodruff and family, Ezra T. Benson and family, and the family of Elder John Taylor, who was on a mission. Fifth: Strangers and invited guests. Sixth: Presidents of High Priests. quorum of the Stake and of the Seventies. Seventh: The committee of arrangements. Eighth: The Bishops, with their respective wards. Then followed about one hundred and thirty carriages and wagons. In four hours the cavalcade reached the liberty pole which had been erected at the lake. A new flag, forty-five feet long, prepared for the occasion, was waving in the breeze. The day was spent in festivity, speeches, orations, toasts, music and singing. Not until 2 o'clock of the following day (the fifth) did the procession reach the Bowery in this city, having left the lake at 10 a.m. Nothing occurred to mar the happiness of any who participated in the enjoyment of the glorious fourth of July, 1851. The entire proceedings were reported by Mr. Robert Campbell and published in the Deseret News. Beta.

'Tis great, 'tis manly to disdain disguise.-Young.

Why is the earth like a blackboard? Because the children of men multiply upon the face of it.

The difficulty of attaining perfection is understood best by those nearest unto it.

Man is not born to solve the problem of the universe, but to find out what he has to do, and to restrain himself within the limits of his comprehension.Goethe.

III.

We aim to proceed with the mode of conducting the internal affairs of the Brigham Young Academy, by the plan sketced in our last article.

The fundamental department, and consequently the first to claim our attention, is the Theological organization. All students, upon entering the Academy, are tabulated upon the records of the Theological Department, either as a member of the priesthood, the office being specified, as a lay member of the church, or as a non-member.

Since the first academic year the nature of the Theological organization, and the exercises therein embraced, have been continually rising. From being merely one exercise among many others, Theology has become the leading branch in the Academy, and its treatment, a separate and complete organization in itself. The daily exercises are conducted in three separate classes, a Primary, an Intermediate and an Academic, and consist, in the lower departments, of Biblical subjects, together with oral instruction from the standard works of the Church; and in the more advanced grades, regular exercises are taken from the Bible and all Church works. Exercises from the Book of Mormon are accompanied by illustrations from the "Suggestive map of the Book of Mormon," as compiled by Professor Karl G. Maeser. Once per week the exercises are varied by requirements being made upon the students to express their own sentiments, in place of the teachers regular instruction. From this none are exempt; the members of the Church bear their testimonies, or with the others speak upon some leading principle, or read some selection illustrative of their own ideas upon some particular point. Weekly too, is held the General Theological Class, at which all departments of the Academy are called together, and a definite programme is carried through, according to previous appointments, usually consisting of exercises on Bible and Book of Mormon subjects, reading

of essays, select readings in poetry and prose, addresses by both ladies and gentlemen, and answers to questions propounded by members of the class. This meeting is conducted by the students, the gentlemen who hold the Priesthood officiating in turns in the office of chairman, and the ladies consecutively occupying the position of secretary. The monitor of the Theological department, and two others of the leading students appointed by the Principal, form the central committee of this department; and in their hands are placed the rolls of the several departments of the Academy at the beginning of each term, from which the appointments for exercises are made.

The various Theological classes are divided into repetition quorums, each being presided over by a gentleman student holding the Priesthood, or a faithful lady student. The quorums assemble weekly, at which meetings the points disposed of during the week are discussed, and further explanation given if required. Through the medium of these repetitors the teacher is brought into closer communication with the students of his class, and the special wants of each are ascertained.

The main item of our whole Theological organization, however, is the Priesthood meeting. This is composed of all members of the Academy holding any office of the Priesthood, and the ladies who are called from time to time to assist the teachers as repititors in their respective Theological classes. To this meeting are assigned all questions pertaining to the arrangement and order of the Priesthood, and all advanced principles of the gospel, which are not deemed advisable to speak of in the promiscuous Theological classes. Such is our Theological organization, by which it is aimed to carry out as closely as possible the wishes of the donor, under the continued direction of the Priesthood in general.

The "Emulatory Method" is the plan upon which all disciplinary enactments

are made. The aim of the faculty is to place before the students all requirements, and expect of them self-government. Every department teacher selects from among his students a monitor, whose duty it is to control the order and discipline of that department, referring to the teacher only such points as may require discretionary powers to settle. In like manner the teacher of every class appoints at the organization of that respective class a senior, who is held responsible by the teacher for the order and arrangement of the class. If the class be very large, the senior is supplied with requisite sub-seniors, and thus the responsibility is distributed. By these means scarcely a student can be found who has not some appointment, some trust he is made responsible for outside of his own work. Each student's standard in his several classes is regulated and ascertained by his "Daily Record." At the end of the week the senior takes the totals of each one in that class, and hands the list to the teacher, who examines the figures at leisure, thus obtaining an insight into the record of each of his students, which he compares with his own estimate of the student's standing, and adjusts the figures accordingly. These totals are consolidated at the end of each term on the "Term Record," thus bringing within the scope of a few figures the relative standing of every pupil.

Though probably the discipline adopted appears to be complicated and difficult, any plan less complete than the one employed would prove inadequate, with an organization so extensive on the whole.

The Academy is thoroughly graded, three general standards being recognized, the Primary, the Intermediate, and the Academic. Each of these again is divided into two sections: Primary section B, comprising the Primer and First Reader grade; Primary section A, the Second Reader grade; Intermediate section B, the Third Reader; Intermediate section A, the Fourth Reader; Academic section B, the Fifth Reader grade, and Academic section A, comprising the academic and collegiate courses.

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The last named department includes three distinct courses of study; the Scientific, the Philological, and the Mathematical course.

The Faculty aims to supply the wants of the students as nearly as possible, organizing at the beginning of each term such classes as the grade of students of that term chances to demand, so that few students will enter who will not find somewhere a grade suited to their own level.

Thus ends our hasty sketch of the arrangement and development of the Brigham Young Academy. In it we have attempted to designate in plain language and clear data the true position of the institution, the prosperity of its past, and the outlook for its future career, leaving to each reader the right and opportunity of drawing his own conclusions and forming his own opinions regarding our Latter-day Saint school.

We feel that with such a successful career behind us, the future must open as it has continually done. So surely is the institution growing that it must soon change in some respects, for already necessity is compelling opinions to be discussed regarding the discontinuance of the lower departments, that the upper and more advanced grades may be better provided for. We feel and know that the institution is being sustained by the faith and prayers of the people of God, and as it is gaining firmer foothold year by year, we think none, whose opinions or wishes could prove of any avail, will refrain from saying with us, "God bless the Brigham Young Academy."

Jas. E. Talmage.

Faith is the soul, and works the body of religion.

Great minds are not only ready to take opportunities, but to make them.

Envy ought, in strict truth, to have no place allowed it in the heart of man; for the goods of this present world are so vile and low that they are beneath it; and those of the future world are so vast and exalted that they are above it.— Chesterfield.

ABOUT the year 1210, over a century after the preaching of the first crusade, the southern part of France was startled by the advent of the young boy Stephen, in the role of Peter the Hermit.

Stephen was a shepherd's boy, living in an old province on the banks of the Loire. It appears that he possessed an exceedingly active imagination and was greatly enraptured with the stories of the palmers and the songs of the troubadours, who told the wonderful tales of Palestine and the East. He was of a dreamy, visionary temperament, and the accounts he heard of the trials and sufferings of the cavaliers in their crusades to recover the holy sepulchre, sank deep into his memory, and caused his heart to throb with sympathy, and his soul to be filled with an absorbing longing to emulate the examples of those hardy, fearless knights and warriors, whose fame the palmers spread through Europe, and the troubadours sang for generations after.

About the time of Stephen's birth, Richard the lion-hearted, king of England, returned from Palestine, where he had achieved a romantic fame by his daring exploits, that filled Europe with admiration for his courage and valor. The story of his conflicts with Saladin, whom he fought at Acre and Jaffa; of his capture of Cyprus and romantic marriage there; and of how he refused to look upon Jerusalem, whose capture and possession he had so long fought for, saying he would not look upon a city he could not conquer; all these and many similar accounts afforded the favorite theme of every catholic land. Stephen had heard them in his childhood and dreamed of them day and night among the flocks on his native hills. impatient of the time when he should be a man, and be able to join the Christian forces in some new campaign, for the recovery of the holy relics of Jerusalem, which were still held by the unsanctified infidel, since the capture of the city by the Sultan in 1187.

He was

During this time many wild schemes were planned by which to overthrow the

Arabian hosts and drive them from the sacred land. On the other hand the failure of past attempts discouraged the statesmen and warriors of the European nations; though they keenly felt that the cause was the most noble and that it ought to have the support and favor of God, according to the enthusiastic promises of the priests. Yet there was some cause for the repeated failures and dire disaster that had prevented former crusaders from accomplishing their object. The ingenuity of the monks soon discovered what this cause of failure had been, and when the boy Stephen appeared with his remarkable story, they were not slow to encourage him and announce it. They declared that the crusaders had been unsuccessful because the warriors who had gone to Palestine had been sinful men, and that God would display His power in the recovery of Jerusalem, through the agency of babes and sucklings, whose innocence would cower even the unbridled passions of the infidel.

Stephen's pretentions were founded upon a dream or vision which he said had been given to him while he was asleep. It was as follows: He dreamt there came to him a weary pilgrim, with a sorrowful face and with garments tattered and torn. Stephen's heart was touched with pity at the sight, and he asked the stranger what he could do to relieve his distress. The pilgrim replied that he must preach a crusade to the young; that Providence had decreed that children should recover the sepulchre of the Lord, and that through his efforts they would rally in multitudes for the divine undertaking. Stephen afterwards said he thought that the pilgrim, who came to him, was the Savior himself. When he awoke from his remarkable dream, his soul was filled with joy, and he fancied that he had already unfurled the banner of the cross, and had gath ered to his standard the children of every Christian land.

He began at once to tell his com panions, the shepherd boys, his dream,

and asked them if they would go with him, taking the cross as the emblem of their mission, and fight beyond the seas for the sake of the Holy Pilgrim that had appeared to him. The boys were delighted at the prospect of so wonderful an undertaking, and readily promised to follow him wherever he should lead them.

Stephen, elated with the encouragement thus received, left his flocks, and announced himself as a prophet, commissioned by Heaven to recover the holy sepulchre. His preaching at first attracted a small band of children, who followed him wherever he went, praying continually: "Lord Jesus, restore Thy cross to us." He pictured his mission in such glowing colors, showing what glory and renown would fall upon those who enlisted with him, that soon the number of his followers began to increase, first to hundreds, then to thousands, and finally tens of thousands throughout France, listening to the eloquence of his appeal, and to hundreds of other boy-preachers who had become identified with him, were enrolled in the cause. The spirit of the crusade exerted such a powerful influence on the youth of the cities and towns, that parents were utterly unable to control their children; many ran away from home. "No bolts nor bars," says a historian of the young enthusiasts, "No fear of fathers nor love of mothers could hold them back. Girls as well as boys joined the ranks and swelled the procession that followed Stephen. Whole villages were depopulated of children."

The cry of the young crusaders filled all southern France. The alarm was taken up from city to city, attracting the attention of all Christendom. The authorities of government and church in France were divided in opinion respecting the movement. The wiser and more intelligent, of course, discountenanced it, and were in favor of crushing it, before serious consequences should ensue. But the superstition of the time, aided by the lower orders of priests and laity, was such that it carried every popular undertaking, no matter how absurd to reason

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it might appear. Those who expected gain from the enterprise, and we shall see they were the worst of men, encouraged the preaching of Stephen and the parading of the hosts that followed him. Philip Augustus, the king, a wise and sagacious monarch, issued a proclamation, ordering the children to return to their homes, but even this changed the purpose of comparatively few.

By the time that the preaching of Stephen, who now professed to work miracles, and was almost worshiped by his companions, had reached its height, it is estimated that he had thirty thousand followers, with whom he marched to the great seaport town of Marseilles.

The harbor was crowded with vessels, and though in the zealous preaching of the crusade it was said they would not be needed, for God would cause the water to disappear and enable them to go over dry shod to Syria, yet the leaders, among them many priests and monks, proceeded to make arrangements for embarking the army of children. The ships were easily procured, their owners even offering to carry them to Palestine free of charge. This fact alone should have revealed the wicked designs they had in view, and doubtless would, had not the priests and monks of the valiant band of crusaders been in league with them. When the vessels were ready they were filled one after another, and set sail, leaving the dark towers of the grand old commercial city in the distance. At first the weather was fair, and the children's hearts were full of hope, delighted alike by the novelty of the enterprise, and in the beauty of the sky, the air and the sea.

"But one day the sky was overcast. The wind arose. The vessels were crowded, and when night settled upon the deep the boys began to be afraid. The wind increased in power until it became a gale. The ships were driven before it, all their precious cargo of living, terrified children, were huddled together in the extreme of distress and alarm. The fleet was scattered. A number of the vessels were driven on the rocks and breakers off the island of