ed with Herod, for divorcing his daughter to make way for Herodias, Artas declared war against him, der pretence of adjusting their mits in Galilee. Herod was often defeated, and begged the assistance of the emperor TIBERIUS, who ordered his lieutenant in Syria to bring him Aretas either dead or alive. Vitellius immediately marched to attack the Arabian king; but hearing of Tiberius' death, he returned without giving him battle. Not long after, Aretas' deputy at Damascus joined the Jews in their persecution of Paul; and kept the gates shut night and day to apprehead him, Acts ix. 23, 24. 2 Cor. xi, 32, 33. ARGOB, a country of the halftribe of Manasseh in Bashan. It is Extremely fertile, and contained 60 walled towns, which Jair the son of Machir repaired, and called HAVOTH-JAIR. It was probably called Argob, from its capital, or from some famed Amorite to whom it had pertained, Deut. iii. 4, 14. 1 Kings ay. 13. hood of Bethel: but then it behoved. to be a city of the Samaritans, not of the Jews, contrary to Luke xxiii. 51. Jerome, and others who follow him, are certainly more in the right, who place it near Lydia, about 36 or 37 miles west of Jerusalem, and where the village Ramolah now stands. ARIOCH; (1.) A king of ELLASSAR, one of CHIEDORLAOMER'S allies, Gen. xiv. 1. (2.) A captain of NEBUCHADNEZZAR'S guard, who was appointed to slay all the wise men of Babylon at Daniel's request he delayed the execution of his orders, and introduced that prophet to the king, to tell and interpret his dream, Dan. ii. 14. : ARISE; or RISE, (1.) To proceed; spring forth, Acts xx. 30. (2.) To stand up, Hab. ii. 19. (3.) To rise from a seat, couch, or grave, John v. S. Psal. lxxxviii. 10. (4.) To appear in a glorious manner, Mal. iv. 2. (5.) To bestir one's self, Josh. i. 2. 1 Chron. xxii. 16. (6.) To be advanced to honour and au thority, Prov. xxviii. 12. (7.) To recover life, honour, power, and happiness, Mark xii. 26. Jer. xxv. 27. Amos vii. 2, 5. (8.) To begin opposition or war, Matth. x. 21. God's arising, denotes his bestirring himself in an eminent manner, and displaying his power, goodness, mercy, and justice, in the warning and relief of his people and in the ruin of his enemies, 2 Chron. xxxvi. 15. Psal. vii. 6. and xii. 5. Isa, xxxiii. 10. Amos vii. 9. Christ's arising, imports his returning to life after his death, and coming out of his grave, Luke xxiv. 46.; and his be ginning to manifest his glorious power and mercy, and other excellencies, in drawing the nations to himself, and enlightening, refreshing, and comforting his people, sellor dwelt. Some writers will Rom. xv. 12. Mal. iv. 2. Men have it to be the same with Rama- rise, when they receive quickening thaim Zophim, in the neighbour-influences from Christ; and are ARIEL, i. e. the lion of God. Jerusalem is so called for its warlike force; or Ariel may denote the temple and altar of burnt-offering. Woe was to Ariel, when the city and temple was destroyed by the Chaldeans and Romans. God distressed Ariel, and it was to him as Ariel, when the city and temple were made a scene of slaughter and blood, as the altar of burnt-offering was with respect unto beasts, Isa. xxix. 1, 2. ARIGHT, agreeably to the command and honour of God, and the edification of men, Psal. 1. 23. But wine moves itself aright, when it appears very agreeable and enticing to the drinker, Prov. xxiii. 31. ARIMATHEA, a city of Judea, where Joseph the honourable coun recovered from their spiritual death | The form of the ark was an oblong and misery, Col. ii. 12. and iii. 1.; square, with a flat bottom, and a or when they shake off sloth, and sloped roof, raised to a cubit in the bestir themselves to an active receiv- | middle: it had neither sails nor ruding of Christ and walking in him, der; nor was it sharp at the ends as the light and life of their soul, for cutting the water. This form and in obedience to his commands, was admirably calculated to make Eph. v. 14. Prov. vi. 9. Song iii. 2. it lie steady on the water, without and ii. 10, 13. Nations rise, when rolling, which might have endanthey begin to be powerful; or are gered the lives of the animals withrecovered from great distress and in; but made it very unfit for swimruin, and become honourable and ming to a great distance; or for happy, Isa. xliii. 17.; or when with riding in a boisterous sea. active fury, and terrible prepara- The length of this ark was 300 tions, they make war one with an- cubits, which, according to Dr. Arother, Matth. xxiv. 7. ; or when they buthnot's calculation, amount to a are in a terrible tumult and confu- little more than 547 feet; its breadth sion, Amos viii. 5. Jer. xlvi. 8. and 50 cubits, or 91, 2 feet; its height xlvii. 2. Rising of the spirit, de- 30 cubits, or 54, 72 feet; and its notes anger or wrath against one, solid contents, 2,730,782 solid feet; Eccl. x. 4. sufficient for a carriage of 81,062 ton. It consisted of three stories, each of which abating the thickness of the floors, might be about 18 feet high; and no doubt was partitioned into a great many rooms or apartments. This vessel was, doubtless so contrived, as to admit the air and light on all sides, though the particular construction of the windows be not mentioned. The word Tzohar, which our translation renders a window, is by some rendered a precious stone, or other marvellous matter, which at once illuminated, and afforded fresh air to every part of the ark; but we know no foundation for this but the vain fancy of the authors. The ark seems to have had another covering besides the roof; perhaps one made of skin, which was thrown over, and hung before the windows, to prevent the entrance of the rain; and this, we suppose, Noah removed, and saw the earth dry, Gen. viii. 13. The ark was built of Gopher-wood, which I take not to be cedar, pine, or box, but the cypress, a very strong and durable wood, not easily subject to rottenness. And this naturally leads one to think that it was built ARISTARCHUS, a native of Thessalonica; he became a zealous Christian, and attended Paul to Ephesus, where, in the tumult raised by Demetrius the silversmith, he hardly escaped with his life. He attended Paul in his return to Greece; and in his journey thence to Asia: and having gone with him from Jerusalem to Rome, it is said he was beheaded along with him, Acts xix. 29. and xx. 4. and xxvii. 2. Col. iv. 10. ARISTOBULUS. He is supposed to have been the brother of Barnabas, and one of our Saviour's seventy disciples, and to have preached with great success in Britain: but it is really uncertain if he was so much as a Christian; since not he, but his family, are saluted by Paul, Rom. xvi. 10. ARK. 1. Noah's ark was a large floating vessel in which he and his family, with a sample, for breed, of all the terrestrial animals, were preserved from the flood. It is pretty generally, though not certainly, believed, that he spent about 120 years in building it; and that he employed a variety of hands in that work, some in Chaldea, where grew vast quantities of cypress-wood, as late as the times of Alexander the Great; and this conjecture is confirmed by the Chaldean tradition, which makes Xsuthrus, or Noah, sail from that country; and from hence a southwind, or the northward motion of the decreasing waters, would naturally bring the ark to rest on the mountain of ARARAT. Some have imagined the ark, as we have described it, insufficient for its destined cargo of animals, and their provision for a year. But, upon a more exact calculation, the proportion of its measures to its cargo, manifests it the device of him, to 'whom all the beasts of the field, and fowls of the air, are well 'known.' The sorts of four-footed beasts which cannot live in the waters are about 72, or, as Calmet divides them, 130; and the species of the winged fowls and creeping things, may amount to about 200. Now, of the two lower stories, the one might easily station all the four-footed animals; and the other contain their provision. The uppermost was sufficient for Noah and his family, and the fowls, with their provision. Very possibly, many of the serpents might live under the water, in an unactive or torpid estate; and if so, there is no need to suppose such serpents as are peculiar to America, to have been in the ark: or if they were, the places about Chaldea might then produce them, though now it does ing it from the earth, carried it some months in a northern direc-' tion; after which the waters decreasing, it rested on the mountain of Ararat; and Noah, his family, and the various animals, went out of it, and replenished the earth, Gen. vi. vii. and viii. Heb. xi. 7. 1 Pet. iii. 20. Was not this ark a type of Jesus Christ, as the divinely devised, the Almighty Saviour of multitudes of Jews and Gentiles, from the deluge of divine wrath, by exposing him. self thereto for a time? Was it not an emblem of the church, and of our baptism, which are means of our separation from the world, and of our salvation through Jesus Christ? 1 Pet. iii. 21. 2. Jochebed made a small ARK, or vessel, in the form of a chest, of put MOSES, bulrushes; and therein she her infant child, and left him on the brink of the Nile. Exod. ii. 3, 5. The word rendered ark, in this and the former instance, signifies a dwelling or residence. Its The sacred ARK, which stood in the tim-wood, wherewith it was borne | but on a new cart, to Jerusalem, The punishment of Uzzah for touching it, made him leave it, by the way, in the house of Obed-edom. But hearing, soon after, that Obededom's family was blessed on its account, David, with great solemnity, caused the Levites carry it up to Je rusalem, to a tabernacle which he had prepared for it, in, or near to, his own palace. Thence, about four years after, and perhaps 130 years after it had been separated from the Mosaic tabernacle, Solomon caused transport it into the inmost apartment of his temple, Numb. x. 33,— 36. Josh. iii. 6. and xviii. 1. 1 Sam. iv. to vii. 2 Sam. vi. 1 Chron. xiv, by the Levites, as occasion offered. This vessel was so sacred, that it was death for any but the priest to look at it; and hence was carried under a cover, Exod. xxv. 10,-22. and xxxvii. 1,-9. Numb. iv. 5, 6, 20. and xvii, 10. Deut. xxxi. 26. 1 Kings viii. 9. Heb. ix. 4. This ark being consecrated with sprinkling of blood, and anointing of oil, was carried about with the Hebrews in their travels in the desert. Carried into the channel of Jordan, the swollen waters of that river divided and opened a clear passage for the whole congregation of Israel, It was thence transported to Gilgal, Borne 13 times in seven days around the city of Jericho, with the sound of rams horns attending it, the walls fell down before it. After the Conquest of Canaan, it was fixed in the tabernacle at Shiloh, and there continued above 300 years. Just before the death of ELI, the Israelites, probably remembering its miraculous virtue at Jericho, carried it to the field of battle. The Philistines gained the victory, and seized on the ark: they placed it in the temple of Dagon their idol, as a sacred trophy of his victory over the Hebrew God. Their idol was broken to pieces before it; and wherever they placed it, a plague of emerods on the people, and perhaps another of mice on the land, attended. The Philistines were glad to return it with divers presents. It halted at Bethshemesh; where a multitude of Hebrews, perhaps fifty thousand and seventy, were divinely struck dead for their profane looking into it. It was thence removed to the house of Abinadab, at Gibeah, or the hill of Kirjath-jearim, where, except when Saul brought it to the camp at Gabeah, 1 Sam. xiv. 18. it appears to have remained 50, if not 90 years; thence David attempted to bring it, not on the shoulders of the Levites, 41 I 1 xvi. 1 Kings viii. 11. When Manasseh, or Amon his son, set up their idols in the most holy place, proba. bly some zealous priest carried out the ark, and kept it, till Josiah or dered it to be replaced in the tem ple, 2 Chron, xxxv. 3. When the first temple was destroyed by the Chaldeans, we know not what became of the ark; but it is certain, that it, and its whole furniture, were wanting in the second temple. This being the principal symbol of the divine presence, the loss of it presaged the approaching abolition of the whole of the ceremonies, and was sufficient to make the old men weep at the laying of the foundation of their second temple, Ezra iii. 12. Hag. i. 3. The Jews, after the captivity, it is said, made one somewhat like it, and put a standard copy of the Old Testament into it. The Jewish ark was called the ark of the covenant and testimony, because it contained the tables of God's law, and the book of the covenant made with Israel; and itself was a pledge of the continuance of that covenant with them, Deut. xxxi. 25, 26. Exod. xxxix. 35. It was called the ark of God's strength. It was the residence of the symbol of his almighty and glorious presence, and the pledge of the manifestation of his power, Psal. c. 8. and lxxviii. 61. It was probably an imitation of the Hews, that the Egyptians, Trojans, Greeks, Romans, &c. had their sared chest in which they locked up the more holy things pertaining to their idols. xxxiii. 2. Christ is perhaps called the arm of the Lord, because, in and by him, God displays the exceeding greatness of his power, in our creation, preservation, and chiefly redemption, Isa. liii. 1. Christ's arm, wherewith he gathers his lambs, or people, is his saving power, mercy, and love, by the exertion of which he brings them to himself, Isa. xl. 11. Men's outward strength, riches, or other accomodations, are called their arm. They depend on them, and are by them qualified for an active accomplishment of theirpurposes, Psal. x. 15. and xxxvii. 17. Jer. xlviii. 25. Human power, and force of armies, &c. is called an arm of flesh, it is but weak and fading, 2 Chron. xxxii. 8. It seems the an. cient warriors made bare their right arm, or both, when hotly engaged in battle: in allusion to which, God is said to make bare his arm, when, in a very noted and signal manner, he exerts his power and mercy for the deliverance of his people, and the destruction of his enemies; or when he openly reveals his Son to and in men, as the power and wis Was not the Jewish ark typical of Jesus Christ? How excellent and glorious his person! how marvellous the union of his natures! his Father's law was in his heart, and was magnified and made honourable by his divine and everlasting atonement; he is the delightful rest of his Father: the great centre of all religious worship, and means of our familiar intercourse with God; the matter of both testaments; and the wonder of angels, ministers, and saints. He was solemnly consecrated to his work by the Spirit of grace: for a long time he had no settled abode on earth: having finished transgression and made an end of sin, he, with great solemnity entered into the temple above; nor shall he ever be lost or change his residence. The ark of God's testament is seen in his temple, when Je-dom of God, Isa. lii. 10. And Ezesus Christ and the mysteries of his grace, are clearly discovered and known, Rev. xi. 19. ARM, that bodily member by which we chiefly exert our strength, 2 Sam. i. 10. And hence power, and whatever qualifies one for an active performance of actions, is called an arm. God's high, holy, strong, or outstretched arm, is his almighty power, displayed in a high, holy, vigorous and remarkable manner, in the making of all things; in the bringing Israel out of Egypt; in effectuating our redemption; in converting his people; and in delivering his church, Jer. xxxii. 17. Exod. vi. 6. Isa. lii. 10. and Ixii. 8. and Ixii. 12. God is the arm of his people, in giving them strength, support, protection, provision, Isaiah kiel's uncovered arm, at his visionary siege of Jerusalem, imported the furious and active manner in which the Chaldeans would assault it, Ezek. iv. 7.-ARMS sometimes denote strong armies or warriors, Dan. xi. 15, 22, 32. To ARM; (1.) To furnish with, or put on weapons or arms for war, Gen. xiv. 14. Numb. xxxi. 5. (2.) To get and exercise such epiritual graces as are bestowed of God for the defence of our soul, 1 Pet. iv. 1. ARMAGEDDON; the Hebrew name given to the place where the Popish and Mahometan troops shall be destroyed under the sixth vial. Its name alludes to Megiddo, where Barak, with 10,000 dispirited, and almost unarmed men, entirely routed, |