FAWKES (Francis), a poet, was born in Yorkshire, about 1721. He took his master's degree at Jesus'-college, Cambridge, in 1745, and, on entering into orders, became curate of Bramham, in his native county, where he wrote, "Bramham Park," a poem. In 1754 he obtained the curacy of Croydon, where he became known to archbishop Herring, who gave him the vicarage of Orpington, with St. Mary Cray, in Kent, which, in 1774, he exchanged for the rectory of Hayes. He died in 1777. He published, in 1761, a volume of original poems and translations; and, in 1767, an eclogue, entitled, "Partridge Shooting." Besides these works he printed translations of Anacreon, Sappho, Bion, Moschus, Museus, and Theocritus. His name was also prefixed to a family bible; and after his death appeared his translation of Apollonius Rhodius. Gen. Biog. Dict.

FAYDIT (Anselm), a Provençal poet or troubadour, who was patronized by Richard Cœur de Lion. He died in 1220. He wrote a poem on the death of Richard, which Dr. Burney found in the Vatican, with the original music, as composed by the bard himself. Besides this piece, Faydit was the author of the "Palace of Love," imitated afterwards by Petrarch, and several plays. Moreri.

FAYETTE (Marie Madeleine, Pioche de la Vergne, countess of), was the daughter of Aymar de la Vergne, governor of Havrede-grace. She married the count de Fayette in 1655, and died in 1693. Her works are-1. Zaide, a romance. 2. La Princesse de Cleves. 3. La Princesse de Montpensier. 4. Memoires de la cour de France pour les anneés 1688 et 1689. 5. Histoire d'Henrietta d'Angleterre. 6. Divers portraits de quelques personnes de la cour. Dict. Hist.

FAZZELLO (Thomas), an historian of Sicily, was born at Palermo, in 1498. He was provincial of the Dominicans, and prior of their monastery at Palermo, where he died in 1570. His "History of Sicily," written in Latin, has passed through many editions, and has been translated into Italian. -Tiraboschi.

FEARNE (Charles), a law writer, was born in London, and educated at Westminster school, after which he entered of the Inner Temple, but without any thoughts of making the law his profession till driven to it by the

loss of his property in projects. He became very eminent as a chamber counsel, but neglected business for philosophical experiments and mechanical inventions, in which he benefited others, without receiving any advantage himself. He died at the age of forty-five, Jan. 21, 1794. His works are —

1. A Legigraphical Chart of Landed Property. 2. An Essay on the learning of Contingent Remainders and Executory Devises, 8vo. 3. Copies of Opinions in the case of Perrin and Blake, 8vo. 4. Observations on the Statute of Inrollments of Bargains and Sales, &c.- Europ. Mag. 1799.

FEATLEY, or FAIRCLOUGH (Daniel), a divine, was born at Charlton, in Oxfordshire, in 1582. He was educated at Magdalencollege, Oxford, and afterwards became a scholar of Corpus Christi, where he took his degrees in arts, and obtained a fellowship. In 1618 he was presented to the rectory of Lambeth, and about this time took his doctor's degree. In 1623 he and Dr. White held a disputation with two Jesuits, the result of which was printed by order of the archbishop, who gave him the rectory of Allhallows, Bread-street, and that of Acton, Middlesex. He was also appointed provost of Chelsea-college. When archbishop Laud was prosecuted, Featley appeared as a witness against him, notwithstanding which he was deprived of his preferments and sent to prison. He died in 1645. His works are numerous, but seldom read. His nephew, John Featley, went to the West Indies in the time of the rebellion, and, at the Restoration, was made doctor in divinity, procurator and prebendary of Lincoln, and vicar of Edwinton in Nottinghamshire. He died in 1666. He published some sermons and religious pieces. — Biog. Brit.

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FECHT, or FECHTIUS (John), of Brisgaw, a Lutheran divine, was born in 1636, and died in 1716. He wrote a history of Cain and Abel; a treatise on the religion of the Modern Greeks, &c. Moreri. FECKENHAM (John de), whose real name was Howman, was born near the forest of Feckenham in Worcestershire. He was brought up in the monastery of Evesham, on the dissolution of which he obtained a pension. After this he became chaplain to Bonner; and in 1549 was sent to the Tower. Queen Mary made him her chaplain, dean of St. Paul's, and abbot of Westminster. He held a conference with lady Jane Grey, who was not moved by his arguments any more than Cranmer, Ridley, and Latimer, with whom he disputed at Oxford. His conduct to the protestants, however, entitled him to respect; and he interceded with Mary for the release of her sister. was the last mitred abbot that sat in the house of lords, where he opposed the Reformation. He died in the castle of Wisbeach in 1585. — Biog. Brit.

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FEITHIUS (Everard), a German protes

FELIBIEN (Andrew), Sieur des Avaux et de Javerci, counsellor and historiographer to the king of France, was born at Chartres in 1619. He completed his education at Paris; after which he became secretary to the French embassy at Rome, and during his stay there contracted a taste for the fine arts. On his return to France, the minister, Colbert, appointed him registrar superintendant of the royal buildings, also of arts and manufactures. He was likewise chosen secretary to the academy of architecture, and keeper of the king's cabinet of antiques. He died in 1695. His works are 1. Entretiens sur les vies et sur les ouvrages des plus excellens Peintres anciens et modernes, 5 vols. 4to. 2. Les Principes de l'Architecture, de la Sculpture, et de la Peinture, avec un Dictionnaire des termes propres de ces artes, 4to. 3. De l'Origine de la Peinture, avec plusieurs pieces detachées. 4. Conferences of the Royal Academy of Painting, 4to. Description of the Abbev de la Trappe, . Ibid.

12mo. &c.

5.

FELIBIEN (John Francis), son of the preceding, and his successor in all his places, died in 1733. He wrote-1. An Historical Collection of the Lives and Works of celebrated Architects, 4to. 2. Description of Versailles, 12mo. 3. Description of the Church of the Invalids, folio. There were two others of this name 1. James Felibien, brother of Andrew, and archdeacon of Chartres, who died in 1716. He published "Pentateuchus Historicus," 4to. 2. Michael, a Benedictine of the congregation of St. Maur, who died in 1719. He wrote a History of the Abbey of St. Denys, folio. Ibid.

dean of Christ-church. He served the office of vice-chancellor in 1645; and again in 1647, but was ejected the same year by the parliamentary visitors. He died of grief on hearing of the murder of Charles I. Feb. 1. 1648-9. A few of his discourses have been printed. -Wood.

FELL (John), son of the preceding, was born at Longworth, in Berkshire, in 1625. He was educated at Thame in Oxfordshire; and at eleven years of age was admitted a student of Christ-church, where he took his master's degree in 1643. In 1648 he was turned out of his place by the parliamentary visitors, and continued to live privately till the Restoration, when he was made prebendary of Chichester, and dean of Christ-church, when he exerted himself with great diligence in improving the college. In 1676 he was raised to the bishopric of Oxford, with leave to hold the deanery in commendam. died in 1686. He published-1. The Life of Dr. Hammond. 2. In laudem Musices Carmen Sapphicum. 3. The Vanity of Scoffing. 4. St. Clement's Epistles to the Corinthians, in Greek and Latin, with notes. 5. Life of Dr. Allestree. 6. Of the Unity of the Church. 7. An edition of St. Cyprian, folio. 8. Several Sermons. 9. Artis Logicæ compendium. 10. A Paraphrase on

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St. Paul's Epistles, 8vo. 11. An edition of the Greek Testament, with various readings. Biog. Brit.

FELL (John), a dissenting minister, was born in 1735, at Cockermouth, in Cumberland. He was brought up to the business of a taylor, from which occupation he was taken by the liberality of some friends, and placed at an academy; after which he was ordained over a congregation at Beccles in Suffolk; from whence he removed to Thaxted, and lastly to Homerton as tutor in the dissenting academy. Here he had not been long before he was censured and dismissed for reading a newspaper on the Lord's day. On this some of his friends engaged him to preach a lecture at the Scots church, London-wall; but after four sermons he died, Sept. 6. 1797. His works are 1. Genuine Protestantism, 8vo. 2. The Justice and Utility of Penal Laws for the Direction of Conscience, 8vo. 3. An Enquiry into the doctrine of Dæmons, in answer to Farmer, 8vo. 4. Remarks on Rowley's Poems. 5. An Essay towards an English Grammar, 12mo. 6. The Idolatry of Greece and Rome distinguished from that of other Heathen Nations, 8vo. 7. The Lectures abovementioned. -Prot. Dissenter's Mag.

FELLER (Joachim), professor of poetry at Leipsic, was born at Zwickhau in 1638. He wrote a poem on the Passions, at the age of thirteen, and made a rapid progress in his studies. He obtained the professorship in 1661; and in 1676 was made librarian of the university. He was killed by a fall from the window when he was asleep, in 1691. His

FELLER (Joachim Frederic), son of the preceding, was born in 1673 at Leipsic, where he took his doctor's degree in philosophy; and in 1706 became secretary to the duke of Weimar. He died in 1726. His works are 1. Monumenta varia inedita, 4to. 2. A Genealogical History of the House of Brunswick Lunenburgh, 8vo. 3. Otium Hanoverianum, 8vo. -Ibid. FELLER (Francis Xavier de), a Jesuit, was born at Brussels in 1735. On the suppression of his order he took the name of Flexier de Reval, which he afterwards changed to Feller. He published at Luxemburgh a journal, called "Clef des Cabinets;" after which he is said to have pirated many works, and among the rest, "Dictionnaire Historique." He died at Ratisbon in 1802. He wrote some ingenious pieces in defence of the Christian religion, and one against the Copernican system. - Dict. Hist. FELLTHAM (Owen), an English writer, was horn in Suffolk; but no particulars are known of his personal history, farther than that he lived many years in the family of the earl of Thomond. He wrote a book which possesses great merit, entitled "Resolves, Divine, Moral, and Political;" of which there have been many editions; and the last an elegant one, by Mr. James Cumming, of the India-board of controul. Felltham died about 1678.

FELTON (Henry), a divine, was born in Westminster in 1679. He was educated first at Westminster-school, and next at the Charter-house, from whence he removed to Edmund-hall, Oxford, where in 1702 he took his master's degree. The duke of Rutland, to whom he was chaplain, gave him the living of Whitewell in Derbyshire, on which in 1712 he took his doctor's degree, and was admitted principal of Edmundhall. In 1736 he was presented to the rectory of Bewick in Yorkshire, where he died in 1740. His works are-1. A Dissertation on reading the Classics and forming a just style, 12mo. 2. On the Resurrection of the same Body, a Sermon. 3. Sermons at Lady Moyer's Lecture, 8vo. 4. Sermons on the Creation, Fall, and Redemption of Man, &c. 8vo. This last volume was postbumous. Biog. Brit. FENELON (Francis de Salignac de la Motte), was born in the castle of Fenelon, in the province of Perigord, August 6. 1651. He studied at Cahors and Paris; and at the age of twenty-four commenced the sacred function in the parish of St. Sulpice. He next became superior to the female converts,

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and in 1686 went on a mission along the coast, to convert the protestants, but with little success. In 1689 he was appointed tutor to the dukes of Burgundy, Anjou, and Berri; and in 1693 was received into the academy. His first preferment was to the abbey of St. Valery; and in 1695 he was elevated to the archbishopric of Cambray. But a storm now rose which threw a cloud over his whole life. Having published a book, in 1697, entitled " An Explication of the Maxims of the Saints concerning the interior Life," in which he justified the doctrines of the Mystics, particularly those of Madam Guyon, an outcry was raised against him, and an appeal was made to the pope, who condemned the propositions submitted to him for his decision, but at the same time reflected as strongly on the conduct of Fenelon's persecutors. "He hath erred through an excess of divine love," said the pope, "but you have sinned for the want of love to your neighbour." Fenelon, on this occasion, shewed the purity of his mind by reading a recantation in his cathedral, and suppressing the book that had given offence. Notwithstanding this he still remained obnoxious at court, and the appearance of his Telemachus was far from removing the impression. Fenelon did not publish this work himself, but a servant, whom he had employed to transcribe it, took a copy, and had proceeded in the printing of it, when an order came for its suppression. An edition, however, came out privately, and never was any performance received with more avidity, which was extremely mortifying to Louis XIV. who regarded it as a satire against his government. The most correct edition was that published in 1717, in 2 vols. 12mo. This excellent author died at Cambray, in January, 1715. Such was the universal respect in which he was held, that in the wars of Flanders orders were issued by the duke of Marlborough to spare his lands. Fenelon, though an ascetic, was far from being a gloomy one, and his piety was enlivened with cheerfulness. The rector of a parish once complained to him of the practice of the villagers in dancing on Sunday evenings; "My good friend," replied the prelate, "you and I should not dance, but allowance must be made to the poor people, who have only one day in the week to forget their misfortunes.' Besides his Telemachus, and Maxims of the Saints, he wrote "Dialogues of the Dead," 2 vols. 12mo.; Dialogues on Eloquence, 12mo.; the Lives of the Ancient Philosophers, 12mo.; Treatise on the Education of Daughters, 12mo.; a Demonstration of the Existence of God, 12mo.; Letters on Religion and Metaphysics, 12mo.; Spiritual Works, 4 vols. 12mo.; Sermons, 12mo.; Direction for the conscience of a King, &c. A splendid edition of the whole was printed at Paris, in 9 vols. 4to. 1787. - Dict. Hist.

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FENESTELLA (Lucius), a Roman historian, who died A.D. 20. He wrote Annales, also Archaici, and other works, fragments of which were published by Wasse, with his Sallust, Cambridge, in 1710. The book on the Roman magistrates, printed in his name, was written by Floccus, a Florentine, in the fifteenth century. Fabricius de Bib. Lat.

FENN (John), a learned writer, was born at Montacute in Somersetshire, and educated at Winchester-school, from whence he removed to New-college, Oxford, where he obtained a fellowship. In the reign of queen Mary he became master of the free-school at St. Edmundsbury in Suffolk; but when Elizabeth came to the throne he went to Louvain, where he died in 1615. His works are -1. Vitæ quorundam martyrum in Anglia. 2. A Translation of the Catechism of the Council of Trent into English. 3. Another of Osorius's Treatise against Haddon. 4. The Life of St. Catherine of Sienna, from the Italian, &c. Wood. FENN (sir John), an English antiquary, was born at Norwich in 1739. He took his degrees in arts at Gonville, and Caius-college, Cambridge, of which he was also fellow till his marriage in 1766. He was a member of the society of antiquaries; and in 1787 published two volumes of original letters, written by the Paston family, and others, in the reigns of Henry VI., Edward IV., Richard III., and Henry VII. On presenting these volumes to his late majesty, to whom they were dedicated, the editor received the honour of knighthood. He afterwards added two more volumes, and was proceeding with another, when he died in 1794. Gent. Mag.

FENTON (Edward), a navigator, was born in Nottinghamshire. He was at first in the military service; but afterwards joined sir Martin Frobisher in his voyage to discover a north-west passage in 1577. He also accompanied the same commander in another expedition, with the title of rear-admiral; and though unsuccessful he had spirit enough to venture upon an enterprise in the South Seas, where he had an engagement with a Spanish squadron, which he defeated, and returned home in May, 1583. In 1588 he fitted out a ship against the armada, and had an active concern on that occasion. He died at Deptford in 1603. Biog. Brit. FENTON (Sir Geoffrey), brother of the preceding. He went to Ireland, where he suppressed more than one rebellion, and contributed to reduce the whole island. died at Dublin in 1608. Richard Boyle, afterwards earl of Cork, married his daughter. He published-1. Certain Tragical Discourses, written out of French and Latin, 1567, 4to. 2. A Dispute at Paris between two doctors of the Sorbonne and two Ministers of God's Word. 3. Golden Epistles gathered out of Guevara's Works, 1577, 4to. 4. A 1 of Guicciardini's

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History of the Wars of Italy, 1567 and 1579, fol. Biog. Brit.

FENTON (Elijah), an ingenious poet, was born at Shelton in Staffordshire, in 1683. He was admitted a pensioner of Jesus' college, Cambridge; but after taking his bachelor's degree he quitted the university, and became secretary to the earl of Orrery. After this he was chosen master of the school of Sevenoaks in Kent: but in 1710 he gave up this appointment upon promises made to him by Bolingbroke, which were never performed. He then returned to the family of lord Orrery; after which he assisted Pope in his translation of the Iliad and the Odyssey, for which he was inadequately rewarded. By the interest of Pope he was appointed tutor to the son of lady Trumbull; at whose seat he died in 1730. His poems were printed in 8vo. in 1717. He also wrote the Lives of Milton and Waller. — Ibid.

FERDINAND of Cordova, a Spaniard of the fifteenth century, who for the extent of his knowledge, has been called another Crichton. He was a brave soldier, a good musician, and an excellent painter. To complete the climax of his accomplishments, he was an astrologer, and foretold the death of Charles the Rash, duke of Burgundy. He wrote a treatise De Artificio omnis Scibilis; and Commentaries on the Almagest of Ptolemy.

- Moreri.

FERDINANDI (Epiphanius), an Italian physician, was born at Otranto in 1569, and died in 1638. He published-1. Observationes et Casus Medici. 2. Theoremata Me dica. 3. De Vita Propaganda. 4. De Peste. - Ibid.

FERDUSI, a Persian poet, was born at Tus or Meshed. He was originally a peasant; but his talents procured him the patronage of the Sultan Mahmud, of Gazna, who em ployed him to write the History of Persia in a series of poems. This work took up thirty years; but instead of an adequate reward, he was recompensed with as many small pieces of money as there were verses in the volume. Indignant at this treatment, Ferdusi fled to Bagdad, and there found a more liberal protector in the caliph. He died A. D. 1020. His works forin a collection, called “Shahnama." -Jones's Life of Nadir Shah.

FERG, OF FERGUE (Francis Paul), a landscape painter, was born at Vienna in 1689. He settled in London, where he became reduced to poverty by an imprudent marriage, and died miserably in 1740. He adored his landscapes with ruins in a grand taste. - Pilkington.

FERGUSON (Adam), a distinguished writer, was born in 1724, at Logierait, in Scotland, of which parish his father was minister. He was educated at the school of Perth, from whence he removed to St. Andrew's, and after obtaining his degree of master of arts, he went to Edinburgh to qualify himself for

the ministry. His first situation as a clergyman was in the capacity of chaplain to the 42d regiment of foot, with which he served in Flanders till the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, and then returned to Edinburgh; where, in 1759, he was appointed professor of natural philosophy, which chair he afterwards resigned for that of moral philosophy. In 1767 he published his "Essay on Civil Society," which was well received, and the author honoured with the degree of doctor of laws. Soon after this he married a nicce of Dr. Black; and in 1773 he accompanied the late earl of Chesterfield on his travels. In 1776 he published an answer to Dr. Price "On Civil Liberty," which procured him the favour of the ministry, who appointed him secretary to the mission sent to America, in 1778, to effect a reconciliation between the two countries. On his return, Dr. Ferguson sat down to the duties of his professorship, and the composition of his "History of the Roman Republic," which work was published in 3 vols. 4to. in 1783. He now resigned his professorship in favour of Mr. Dugald Stewart, and took that of mathematics as less laborious. In 1793 he reduced his lectures to the form of "a Treatise on Moral and Political Science," 2 vols. 4to.; and not long afterwards went abroad. On his return he settled at St. Andrew's, and died there, Feb. 22. 1816. Besides the works already noticed, he published " Institutes of Moral Philosophy," 8vo. as a text book for Annual Biography. FERGUSON (James), a mathematician, mechanic, and astronomer, was born in 1710, at Keith, in Banffshire. His parents being poor, he was employed by a farmer to keep his sheep; in which situation he acquired a knowledge of the stars; and, froin his observations constructed a celestial globe. This attracted the notice of some gentleman, who gave him farther instructions in mathematics, to which he added a proficiency in drawing. At length his improvement was such, that he went to Edinburgh, where he drew portraits in miniature, and this profession he pursued afterwards in England. In 1743 he published astronomical tables and calculations, and gave lectures in experimental philosophy, which he repeated in many towns of England. Among his auditors was the late king when prince of Wales, who afterwards settled a pension on him of fifty pounds a-year. In 1763 he was chosen a member of the Royal Society, without the usual fees. He was a plain unassuming man; and what is very remarkable, though he calculated much, it was always done by common arithmetic, as he understood very little algebra. He died in 1776. His works are 1. Astro

students in that class.

nomical Tables and Precepts, 8vo. 2. Tables and Tracts. 3. Introduction to Astronomy, 8vo. 4. Astronomy explained upon sir Isaac Newton's Principles. 5. Lectures in Mechanics, Hydrostatics, Pneu

matics, and Optics. 6. Select Mechanical Exercises. 7. The Art of Drawing in Perspective. 8. An Introduction to Electricity. 9. Three Letters to the Rev. John Kennedy. Several papers in the Philosophical Transactions. - Life by himself. Hutton's Math. Dict.

FERGUSON (Robert), a nonconformist divine, and politician, was a native of Scotland, and beneficed in Kent till he was ejected in 1662. After this he became a plotter against government, and was concerned with the duke of Monmouth, whose memorial he drew He always contrived to escape, though large sums were offered for his apprehension. At the Revolution he came into favour, but was despised by all men of integrity. He died in 1714. Ferguson was a calvinist; and wrote some books on religious subjects. Calamy. Burnet.

up.

FERGUSSON (Robert), a Scotch poet, was born at Edinburgh in 1750. He received his education at Dundee; and next at St. Andrew's, from which university he was expelled for his irregularities. On this he returned to Edinburgh, and became clerk in an attorney's office; but at last became insane, and died in the asylum for lunatics, Oct. 16. 1774. His poems in the Scottish Dialect are much admired by his countrymen. - Life by Irving.

FERMAT (Peter), a French mathematician, was born at Toulouse in 1590. He was bred to the law, and became counsellor to the parliament of Toulouse, where he died in 1664. His mathematical works were printed in 2 vols. folio, 1679. His son, Samuel Fermat, was the author of several works. Moreri.

FERNE (sir John), an antiquary, was born in Lincolnshire, and educated at Oxford, from whence he removed to the Inner Temple. In the beginning of the reign of James I. he was knighted and made keeper of the king's signet of the council for the north. He died about 1610. Sir John published "The Blazon of Gentry," 4to. 1586. -Wood.

FERNE (Henry), a bishop, was the son of the preceding, and born at York in 1602. He was first a commoner of St. Mary-hall, Oxford, and afterwards fellow of Trinitycollege, Cambridge. On entering into orders he was presented to the livings of Masham in Yorkshire, and Medborn in Leicestershire. He was also made archdeacon of Leicester; and in 1642 took his doctor's degree. The same year he published a piece in defence of the king, with whom he was a favourite. After the Restoration he was made master of Trinitycollege, dean of Ely, and bishop of Chester. He died in 1661. His works are 1. The Case of Conscience touching rebellion. 2. Episcopacy and Presbytery considered, 3. Sermons and Tracts. - Wood.

FERNEL, OF FERNELIUS (John Francis), a physician, was born at Mont Didier, in