which appeared in 12 vols. folio, 1705. Father Hardouin died at Paris, Sept. 3. 1729; and after his death a folio volume of his, "Opuscula," was printed. — Moreri.

HARE (Francis), a learned prelate, was born in London, and educated at Eton, whence he was elected to King's-college, Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship. One of his pupils was the marquis of Blandford, son of the duke of Marlborough, who made him chaplain-general to the army. In 1708 he took his doctor's degree, and was preferred to the deanery of Worcester, which he exchanged in 1726 for that of St. Paul's. The next year he was made bishop of St. Asaph; from whence, in 1731, he was translated to Chichester. He died April 26. 1740. The bishop distinguished himself in the Bangorian controversy, against Hoadley; and he was also the author of a tract, entitled "The Difficulties and Discouragements which attend the Study of the Scriptures.' His miscellaneous works were published in 4 vols. 8vo.; besides which he was the editor of "Terence,' with notes, 4to.; and "The Book of Psalms in Hebrew," put into, what he called, the original metre. This metre, however, was refuted by Dr. Lowth, and the reputation of his Terence was ruined by Bentley, who had before addressed to him his "Remarks on Free Thinking." - Gen. Biog. Dict.

In

The as

HARLEY (Robert), earl of Oxford and Mortimer, was the son of sir Edward Harley, and born in London, Dec. 5. 1661. At the Revolution he was returned to the House of Commons for Tregony, in Cornwall; in 1690 he was chosen one of the commissioners for stating the public ac counts, and, in 1694, was ordered to bring in a bill for the frequent meeting of parliaments. In 1702 he was chosen speaker, which office he held while secretary of state, but resigned the latter place in 1708. 1710 he was constituted one of the commissioners of the treasury, and chancellor of the exchequer. On the eighth of March, that year, he was stabbed by the marquis of Guiscard, a French papist, when under examination at the council-board. sassin died in prison; and Mr. Harley, on his recovery, received the congratulations of the House of Commons. The year following he was advanced to the peerage, and made lord high treasurer; which office he resigned a few days before the death of queen Anne, in 1714. The next year he was impeached by the House of Commons of high treason, and committed to the Tower, where he was kept two years, and then, after a public trial, was acquitted. He died May 21. 1724. Lord Oxford was a liberal encourager of literature, and a great collector of books. These were sold to Osborn, and the printed catalogue of them makes four volumes 8vo. The manuscripts are in the British Museum. His lordship wrote — 1.

A Letter to Swift for correcting and im proving the English Tongue. 2. An Essay on Public Credit. 3. An Essay upon Loans. 4. A Vindication of the Rights of the Commons of England. - Collins's Peerage.

HARMAR (John), a learned divine, was the son of Dr. John Harmar, warden of Winchester, who died in 1613. The son was born about 1594, at Churchdowne, in Gloucestershire, and educated at Winchesterschool, from whence he removed to Magdalencollege, Oxford, where he took his master's degree in 1617. He afterwards became master of the school at St. Alban's, and in 1650 was made Greek professor at Oxford. In 1659 he was presented to the rectory of Ewhurst, in Hampshire, but was deprived of that and his professorship at the Restoration. He died in 1670. He wrote Latin and Greek panegyrics, on Oliver Cromwell, Richard, his son, and Charles II. He also translated part of Butler's Hudibras into Latin. His chief publications are-1. "Praxis Grammatica," 8vo. 2. "Janua Linguarum.' 3. Lexicon Etymologicum GræWood. Calamy.

cum, folio.

HARMER (Thomas), a dissenting minister, was born at Norwich in 1715. He was educated under Mr. Eames, in London, and on completing his studies, settled with a small congregation at Wattesfield, in Suffolk. In 1764 he published "Observations on Divers Passages of Scripture, illustrated by

He

the accounts of Travellers in the East.' The favourable reception which this work met with, induced the author to go on with it, till he had published four volumes. also wrote "Outlines of a Commentary on Solomon's Song ;" "An Account of the Jewish Doctrine of the Resurrection of the Dead," &c. Mr. Harmer died suddenly in 1788. Gent. Mag.

HARPALUS, an astronomer of Greece, who flourished about 480 B. C. He corrected the cycle of eight years, invented by Cleostratus, and increased it to nine, in which he supposed that the sun and moon returned to the same point. Meton afterwards altered this cycle to nineteen years, now called the "Golden Number.". Moreri.

HARPE (John Francis de la), a French writer, was born at Paris, Nov. 20. 1739. His father was an officer in the army, but died in poor circumstances; in consequence of which the son was taken into the college of Harcourt by the president, M. Asselin. Unfortunately, however, he lost the favour of his patron by a satire, of which he was suspected to be the author. After a confinement of some time he was set at liberty, but the disgrace made a strong impression on his mind. In 1763 he wrote his tragedy of "Warwick," which met with great success. This was followed by "Timoleon," and "Pharamond," which had less popularity. But his Eloges, particularly that on Henry IV., were much admired. In 1766 le

produced the tragedy of "Gustavus Vasa;" but neither this nor his subsequent pieces equalled his Warwick, except his "Philoctetes," a translation from Sophocles. He was much in favour with Voltaire, and wrote his eloge. In 1779 he undertook an abridg. ment of Prevost's History of Voyages; and the same year he published his poem entitled "Tangu et Felime." But his greatest work is the "Lyceum, or Course of Literature," 12 vols. 8vo. M. de la Harpe took an active part in the Revolution, and, in 1793, was thrown into prison, where he was brought to a belief of Christianity by the bishop of St. Brieux, who happened to be his fellow-prisoner. On recovering his liberty, he devoted his pen to loyalty and religion. He died in 1803. Besides the above works, he published -1. Melanges Litteraires. 2. A Translation of Suetonius, 2 vols. 3. A Translation of the Lusiad of Camöens, 2 vols. 4. Correspondence addressé à Paul I. empereur de Russe, 4 vols. 8vo. 5. Commentaire des tragedies de Racine, 7 vols. 8vo. 6. Refutation de l'Esprit de Helvetius. 7. A Translation of the Psalms, 8vo, - · Dict. Hist.

HARPOCRATION (Valerius), a rhetorician of Alexandria, who flourished A. D. 360. He wrote "A Lexicon upon the Ten Orators of Greece," which is extant, and was printed by Aldus at Venice, in 1603, folio. The best edition is that of Gronovius, Leyden, 1696, 4to. Fabricius Bibl. Græc.

HARPSFELD (John), dean of Norwich, was born in London, and educated at Winchesterschool, from whence he removed to Newcollege, Oxford, where he was admitted to a fellowship in 1534. He became chaplain to Bonner, who made him archdeacon of London, and gave him the living of St. Martin, Ludgate, which he resigned for that of Layndon, in Essex. A few months before the death of queen Mary he was made dean of Norwich, which preferment he lost in the next reign, and was sent to the Fleet prison; but recovered his liberty, and died in London, in 1578. He wrote Homilies; and a Chronology, from the Deluge to 1559. His brother, Nicholas Harpsfeld, was professor of Greek at Oxford, fellow of New-college, archdeacon of Canterbury, and prebendary of St. Paul's. But on the accession of queen Elizabeth he lost his preferments, and was kept in confinement at Lambeth for some years. He died in 1583. His works are-1. Dialogi sex contra summi pontificatus, monasticæ vitæ, sanctorum sacrorum imaginum, oppugnatores et pseudo-martyres,

4to.

2. Historia Anglicana Ecclesiastica, fol. 3. Historia hæresis Wickliffianæ. — Wood.

HARRINGTON (Sir John), an English poet, was born at Kelston, near Bath, in 1561. Queen Elizabeth was his godmother, and he received his education at Eton-school, from whence he removed to Cambridge, where he

took his degrees in arts. In 1591 he published a translation of Ariosto's " Orlando," by which he is now principally known. He received the honour of knighthood from the earl of Essex, which gave great offence to the queen. In the next reign he was created knight of the Bath. He died in 1612. Sir John was a man of great wit, but very thoughtless, by which means he lost most of his estates. Riding near Bath, he turned to his man, and said, " John, this manor of Nyland was once my land." On which John

as readily replied, "If you had had more wit, sir, it would have been your's yet, sir." He wrote "An Account of English Bishops;" printed in 1651; and again, with his epigrams, in a miscellany, entitled “Nugæ Antiquæ," 3 vols. 12mo. He is to be distinguished from lord John Harrington, the companion and correspondent of prince Henry, son of James I. He died in 1613, aged twenty-two. Wood. Warton's Poetry, &c.

Not

HARRINGTON (James), a political writer, was born at Upton, in Northamptonshire, in 1611. He became a pupil of Chillingworth at Trinity-college, Oxford, and on leaving the university went abroad. While in the Netherlands he entered into the military service, and was afterwards attached to the queen of Bohemia, and her son, the prince elector. On his return to England he took the side of the parliament against the king; but afterwards he became a domestic to his majesty, whom he attended on the scaffold. withstanding this he was a determined republican, as appears in his political romance, entitled "Oceana," which was printed in 1656, and dedicated to Oliver Cromwell. Harrington formed a society, in order to carry his scheme of a republic into effect, which association was called the Rota Club. In 1661 our author was sent to the Tower, and removed from thence to St. Nicholas's Island, near Plymouth; but being in a state of insanity, his friends obtained his discharge, on giving security for his behaviour. He died in 1677. His works were published by Toland, in one volume, folio, 1700; and again by Birch, in 1737. — Biog. Brit.

HARRINGTON (Henry), a descendant of sir John Harrington, was born at Kelston, the family seat in Somersetshire, Sept. 29. 1729. He had a private education, after which he went to Queen's-college, Oxford, where he took his degrees in arts, and entered upon the study of physic. He proceeded to his doctor's degree in that faculty in 1762, and about the same time settled at Wells; from whence he removed to Bath, where he continued to practise with reputation, till his death, Jan. 15. 1816. Dr. Harrington was an excellent classical scholar, a good poet, and devotedly attached to music. He.composed several admirable catches, and other pieces of a higher description in his favourite science. His other publications are- 1.

An Ode to Harmony. 2. An Ode to Discord. 3. The Witch of Wokey; a ballad in the old English style. 4. The Geometrical Analogy of the Doctrine of the Trinity. He was the father of the corporation of Bath, in which city he founded a musical club, called the Harmonic Society. - Annual Biog.

HARRIOT (Thomas), a mathematician, was born at Oxford in 1560. He became a commoner of St. Mary-hall, where he took his degree of B. A. in 1579; after which he was taken into the family of sir Walter Raleigh, and assisted him in the study of the mathematics. In 1585 sir Walter sent him to Virginia, of which settlement he published an account. On his return to England he was patronised by the earl of Northumberland, who settled a pension on him of one hundred and twenty pounds a-year. Harriot died of a cancer in the lip, July 2. 1621. His "Artis Analytica Praxis" was printed after his death; and it is put beyond all doubt that Des Cartes stole from it, without acknowledgement, those improvements in algebra, which he published as his own. Harriot has been charged most unjustly with being a sceptic in religion. Biog. Brit.

HARRIS (George), a civilian, was the son of Dr. John Harris, bishop of Landaff, who died in 1738. The son became a member of Oriel-college, Oxford, where he took his doctor's degree in 1750, at which time he was admitted into the college of advocates. He died April 19. 1796, leaving the bulk of his fortune to charitable uses. His works are- 1. Observations on the English Language, 8vo. 2. D. Justiniani Institutionum, with an English translation, and notes, 4to. · Coote's Catalogue of Civilians.

HARRIS (James), a learned gentleman, was born at Salisbury, July 20. 1709, his mother being sister to the celebrated author of the Characteristics. He was educated at the grammar-school of his native city, and from thence went to Wadham-college, Oxford, after which he entered himself a student of Lincoln's-Inn. In 1744 he published "Three Treatises. The first concerning Art; the second concerning Music, Painting, and Poetry; the third concerning Happiness." The year after this Mr. Har. ris married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of John Clarke, esq. of Sandford, in Somersetshire. By this union he had five children, of whom two daughters and a son, the present lord Malmesbury, survived him. In 1751 he published another work entitled "Hermes, or a philosophical Enquiry concerning universal Grammar.' In 1761 he was returned to parliament for the borough of Christ Church, which he continued to represent to his death. The next year he was appointed one of the lords of the admiralty, from which board he removed in 1763 to that of the treasury, where

he remained till the change of ministry in 1765, when he went out of office. In 1774 he became secretary and comptroller to the late queen, who delighted much in his conversation. Mr. Harris published in 1775 his "Philosophical Arrangements;" which volume was followed by his " Philological Inquiries;" printed in 1780, but not published till after his death; an event that happened Dec. 22. 1780. All his works have been published by his son, in 2 vols. 4to., with a biographical memoir prefixed.

HARRIS (John), a learned writer, was born about 1667, and educated at St. John'scollege, Cambridge, where he took his master's degree in 1691, and that of doctor in divinity in 1698. He was first instituted to the rectory of Barming, in Kent, which he resigned for St. Mildred, Bread-street, London. He had also the perpetual curacy of Stroud, in Kent, and a prebend in Rochester-cathedral; notwithstanding which preferments, he died very poor, Sept. 7. 1719. His works are-1. Sermons preached at the Boyle's Lecture. 2. A Collection of Voyages and Travels, 2 vols. folio, 1704. This was afterwards improved by Dr. Campbell.

3. A Treatise on the Theory of the Earth. 4. A Treatise on Algebra. 5. A translation of Pardie on Geometry. 6. Astronomical Dialogues. 7. Lexicon Technicum; or a Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, 2 vols. folio, 1708; afterwards enlarged to 3 vols. This was the foundation of all our Cyclopædias. 8. A History of Kent, folio. Dr. Harris was secretary and vice-president of the Royal Society. — Rees's Cyclopædia.

1578.

HARRIS (Robert), a divine, was born at Broad Campden, in Gloucestershire, in He was educated at Magdalen-hall, Oxford, after which he had the living of Hanwell, in Oxfordshire; but in the Rebellion he joined the ruling powers, and became one of the reformers of the university; where he was admitted D. D. and president of Trinity-college. He died in 1658. His works were published in one volume, folio, 1654. Wood.

HARRIS (Walter), a physician, was born at Gloucester about 1647, and educated at Winchester-school, from whence he removed to New-college, Oxford, where he obtained a fellowship, as being of the founder's kin. On embracing the Roman catholic religion, he resigned his fellowship and went to France, and there took his doctor's degree. He then returned to London, and, about the time of Oates's plot, renounced popery, in a pamphlet published in 1679. Revolution he was appointed physician to the king. He was also fellow of the college, and died about 1730. His works are1. Dissertationes Medica et Chirurgica, habitæ in amphitheatro regali. 2. Pharmacologia anti-empirica. 3. De morbis acutis infantium, 8vo. This was translated

At the

An Ode to Harmony. 2. An Ode to Discord. 3. The Witch of Wokey; a ballad in the old English style. 4. The Geometrical Analogy of the Doctrine of the Trinity. He was the father of the corporation of Bath, in which city he founded a musical club, called the Harmonic Society. Annual Biog.

HARRIOT (Thomas), a mathematician, was born at Oxford in 1560. He became a commoner of St. Mary-hall, where he took his degree of B. A. in 1579; after which he was taken into the family of sir Walter Raleigh, and assisted him in the study of the mathematics. In 1585 sir Walter sent him to Virginia, of which settlement he published an account. On his return to England he was patronised by the earl of Northumberland, who settled a pension on him of one hundred and twenty pounds a-year. Harriot died of a cancer in the lip, July 2. 1621. His "Artis Analytica Praxis" was printed after his death; and it is put beyond all doubt that Des Cartes stole from it, without acknowledgement, those improvements in algebra, which he published as his own. Harriot has been charged most unjustly with being a sceptic in religion. - Biog. Brit.

HARRIS (George), a civilian, was the son of Dr. John Harris, bishop of Landaff, who died in 1738. The son became a member of Oriel-college, Oxford, where he took his doctor's degree in 1750, at which time he was admitted into the college of advocates. He died April 19. 1796, leaving the bulk of his fortune to charitable uses. His works are- 1. Observations on the English Language, 8vo. 2. D. Justiniani Institutionum, with an English translation, and notes, 4to. Coote's Catalogue of Civilians.

HARRIS (James), a learned gentleman, was born at Salisbury, July 20. 1709, his mother being sister to the celebrated author of the Characteristics. He was educated at the grammar-school of his native city, and from thence went to Wadham-college, Oxford, after which he entered himself a student of Lincoln's-Inn. In 1744 he published "Three Treatises. The first concerning Art; the second concerning Music, Painting, and Poetry; the third concerning Happiness." The year after this Mr. Har. ris married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of John Clarke, esq. of Sandford, in Somersetshire. By this union he had five children, of whom two daughters and a son, the present lord Malmesbury, survived him. In 1751 he published another work entitled "Hermes, or a philosophical Enquiry concerning universal Grammar." In 1761 he was returned to parliament for the borough of Christ Church, which he continued to represent to his death. The next year appointed one of the lords of the admiralty, from which board he removed in 1763 to that of the treasury, where

he was

he remained till the change of ministry in 1765, when he went out of office. In 1774 he became secretary and comptroller to the late queen, who delighted much in his conversation. Mr. Harris published in 1775 his "Philosophical Arrangements;" which volume was followed by his " Philological Inquiries;" printed in 1780, but not published till after his death; an event that happened Dec. 22. 1780. All his works have been published by his son, in 2 vols. 4to., with a biographical memoir prefixed.

HARRIS (John), a learned writer, was born about 1667, and educated at St. John'scollege, Cambridge, where he took his master's degree in 1691, and that of doctor in divinity in 1698. He was first instituted to the rectory of Barming, in Kent, which he resigned for St. Mildred, Bread-street, London. He had also the perpetual curacy of Stroud, in Kent, and a prebend in Rochester-cathedral; notwithstanding which preferments, he died very poor, Sept. 7. 1719. His works are 1. Sermons preached at the Boyle's Lecture. 2. A Collection of Voyages and Travels, 2 vols. folio, 1704. This was afterwards improved by Dr. Campbell. 3. A Treatise on the Theory of the Earth. 4. A Treatise on Algebra. 5. A translation of Pardie on Geometry. 6. Astronomical Dialogues. 7. Lexicon Technicum; or a Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, 2 vols. folio, 1708; afterwards enlarged to 3 vols. This was the foundation of all our Cyclopædias. 8. A History of Kent, folio. Dr. Harris was secretary and vice-president of the Royal Society. - Rees's Cyclopædia.

1578.

HARRIS (Robert), a divine, was born at Broad Campden, in Gloucestershire, in He was educated at Magdalen-hall, Oxford, after which he had the living of Hanwell, in Oxfordshire; but in the Rebellion he joined the ruling powers, and became one of the reformers of the university; where he was admitted D. D. and president of Trinity-college. He died in 1658. His works were published in one volume, folio, 1654. Wood.

HARRIS (Walter), a physician, was born at Gloucester about 1647, and educated at Winchester-school, from whence he removed to New-college, Oxford, where he obtained a fellowship, as being of the founder's kin. On embracing the Roman catholic religion, he resigned his fellowship and went to France, and there took his doctor's degree. He then returned to London, and, about the time of Oates's plot, renounced popery, in a pamphlet published in 1679. At the Revolution he was appointed physician to the king. He was also fellow of the college, and died about 1730. His works are 1. Dissertationes Medica et Chirurgica, habitæ in amphitheatro regali. 2. Pharmacologia anti-empirica. 3. De morbis acutis infantium, 8vo. This was translated