"Anecdotes, ancient and modern, with Observations," 8vo. 1789. His next work was of more importance, being, "The History of Great Britain, connected with the Chronology of Europe," 2 vols. 4to. 1794-5. It is to be lamented that this very amusing collection has not been completed, but the author was called from it to continue Henry's History of England, in one volume quarto. Besides these publications, Mr. Andrews wrote "An account of Saxon Coins found in Kintbury Churchyard, Berks," printed in Vol. VII. of the Archæologia, and the account of Shaw the poet in Mr. More's Berkshire Collections. He also translated "The Savages of Europe," a French novel, and contributed many articles to magazines. On the establishment of the police in the metropolis, he was appointed one of the magistrates of the office in Queen-square. He died in 1797, and was buried at Hampstead. Gent. Mag.

ANDREWS (Lancelot), a English prelate, was born in London in 1555. From Merchant-Taylors' school he was sent to Pembroke-hall, Cambridge, where, on taking the degree of bachelor of Arts he obtained a fellowship. About the same time Hugh Price having founded Jesuscollege at Oxford, appointed him one of his first, or honorary fellows of that house. On taking his master's degree, he applied to the study of theology, and being chosen catechist in his college, he read a course of lectures on the ten commandments, with such applause, that the earl of Huntingdon took him as his chaplain, when he became president of the north, where Mr. Andrews, by his preaching and private conversation, converted many Romanists to the established church. This brought him acquainted with sir Francis Walsingham, who procured him first a living in Hampshire, and next the vicarage of St. Giles, Cripplegate. He soon after obtained a prebend in the cathedral of St. Paul, with a residentiaryship, to which was added a prebend in the collegiate church of Southwell. On the death of Dr. Fulke, he was chosen master of Pembroke-hall, and being appointed chaplain to the queen, she was so pleased with his preaching, as to make him a prebendary of Westminster, which preferment was fol. lowed by the deanry of the same church. He refused a bishopric in that reign, because he would not submit to the spoliation of the ecclesiastical revenues.

In the next,

however, he had no cause for such scruple, and having published an unanswerable defence of king James's book on the rights of sovereigns against Bellarmine, he was advanced to the bishopric of Chichester, and at the same time appointed lord almoner. In 1609 he was translated to Ely, sworn a privy counsellor of England, and afterwards of Scotland, when he attended his majesty

to that country.

On

In 1618 he was removed to the see of Winchester, with which he held the deanry of the chapel royal, to his death in 1626. His remains were interred in the church of St. Saviour, Southwark, where an elegant monument was erected to his memory; and some years ago, on opening the vault, the hair of his head and his silk cap were found in the coffin. The charities of this munificent prelate were numerous, and of the excellence of his character it is sufficient to say, that lord Clarendon thinks if he had succeeded Bancroft in the see of Canterbury, the church of England would not have suffered as she afterwards did under Abbot and Laud. Milton wrote a Latin elegy on his death. In conversation, the bishop was facetious, and of his wit, Waller the poet used to relate the following anecdote. Waller being one day at court, while king James was at dinner, attended by the bishop of Winchester, and Neile, bishop of Durham; his majesty said to the prelates, My lords, cannot I take my subjects' money when I want it, without all this formality in parliament ?" Bishop Neile quickly replied, "God forbid, sir, but you should; you are the breath of our nostrils." this the king said to the bishop of Winchester, "Well, my lord, and what say you?" "Sir," replied Andrews, "I have no skill to judge of parliamentary cases.' The king answered, "No put-offs, my lord; answer me presently." "Then, sir," said he, "I think it lawful for you to take my brother Neile's money, for he offers it." Waller remarks, that the company were pleased with this reply, and that the wit of it seemed even to affect the king, who, afterwards sported upon it in a very pleasant manner. The works of this bishop are. — 1. A volume of Sermons, folio, 1626. 2. Lectures on the Ten Commandments, with Sermons on Prayer, 1642, folio. 3. Posthumous and orphan Lectures, folio. 4. A Manual of Devotions, Greek and Latin; which has been translated into English by Dean Stanhope. 5. Tortura Torti; sive ad Matthæi Torti librum responsio, qui nuper editus contra Apologiam seren. potent. princip. Jacobi, &c.at London, 4to. 1609. 6. Responsio ad Apologiam Card. Bellarmini, 1610, 4to. 7. Theological Determinations on Usury, Tythes, &c. 8. Responsiones ad Petri Molinai. 9. Strieturæ; or an answer to Cardinal Perron. 10. Various Tracts and Speeches printed together in 1629, 4to. — - Biog. Brit.

ANDREWS (Miles Peter), a dramatic writer, was the second son of a merchant in London, who designed him also for the same business; but to which he had little inclination. On the death of his elder brother, he succeeded to his share in the powder works at Dartford, which enabled him to purchase a noble mansion in Cleveland-row.

where he gave splendid entertainments. In the late war, he became lieutenant-colonel of the volunteers of St. Martin's parish; and died very suddenly in 1814. His plays are-1. The Election, a musical interlude. 2 Belphegor, Summer Amusements, and Fire and Water, comic operas. 3. Dissipation. 4. Better Late than Never. 5. The Mysteries of the Castle. 6. The Best Bidder. 1. The Baron of Kinkervan kotsdarsprakentcadern, comedies: none of which were ever successful on the stage. Gent. Mag. ANDROMACHUS, a native of Crete, and physician to the emperor Nero in 65. He invented theriaca, which he described in some elegiac verses. — Haller, Bibl. Med. ANDRONICUS of Cyresthes, a Greek architect, who built the famous octagonal temple of the winds at Athens, and was the inventor of the weathercock. Aulus Gellius.

ANDRONICUS of Rhodes, a peripatetic plosopher, who restored and published the works of Aristotle, which Sylla had brought from Greece. He also wrote commentaries en some of that philosopher's writings. He Lred B. C. 63. - Bayle. ANDRONICUS of Thessalonica, a learned Greek of the 15th century, who taught great reputation at Rome and Florence, when he had numerous auditors. Afteras he went to France, where he died in 14- Gen. Biog. Dict.

ANDROUET DU CERCEAU (James), a French thitect, who designed the Pont Neuf, the biding of which he began in 1578; but it was finished by Marchand in 1604. Androuet was also employed in 1596 to continue the pllery of the Louvre, but being a protes tant he was obliged to quit France during the persecution of the Calvinists, and where he died is unknown. He wrote - 1. Livre de Architecture, 3 vols fol. 2. Les plus excellents batiments de France, fol. 3. Les Edifices Romains, fol. 4. Leçons de Perspective, folio. He etched his own plates for these works, but in an indifferent style.- Moreri.

ANDRY (Nicholas), a French physician, surnamed Bois-Regard, was born at Lyons in 1658. He became professor in the royal college at Paris, and dean of the faculty of medicine. He died in 1742. His principal works are - 1. Traite de la generation des vers dans le corps de l'homme, 1710, 8vo. 2. Remarques de Medicine sur diferents sujets, 12mo. 3. Le Regime du Careme, 12mo. 3 vols. 4. Thé de l' Europe, on les proprietes de la veronique, 12mo. Examen de differents points d' Anatomie, 8vo. 6. Remarques de chemie toudant la preparation de certains remedies,

12mo. 7. Cleon à Eudoxe, touchant la pre-eminence de la medicine sur la Chirurgie, 12mo. 8. Orthopedie, ou l'art de prevener et de corriger dans les enfans, les difformités du corps, 2 vols. 12mo. Andry was a inost irritable man, and had many dis putes with his professional brethren, who attacked him with equal violence. - Biog. Universelle.

ANEAU OF ANULUS (Bartholomew), ́a learned Frenchman of the sixteenth century. He was a native of Bourges, and had for his tutor Melchior Volmar, who instilled into his mind the principles of the reformed religion. Aneau acquired a great reputation for his learning, and was chosen professor of rhetoric in the new college at Lyons, the duties of which station he discharged so well, as to be appointed principal. Here he lost his life in a remarkable manner; for a stone being thrown from the college at a priest, who was carrying the host in a procession, the mob rushed into the building and assassinated the principal, June 21, 1565. He wrote Latin and Greek poems, and published among other books, a translation of Sir Thomas More's Utopia into French.

Gen. Dict.

ANELLO (Thomas), commonly called Massaniello, a fisherman of Naples, was born in 1623, when that kingdom was subject to the house of Austria, and governed by a viceroy. The people had borne the foreign yoke with great patience till 1646, in which year a new and oppressive tax upon all kinds of fruit being imposed, occasioned general discontent. But though the archbishop interested himself on behalf of the distressed populace, nothing was done for their relief, as the farmers of the taxes had art enough to persuade the governor that the clamour only proceeded from the rabble.

At this time Massaniello, who was in his twenty-fourth year, earned his livelihood by fishing, and observing the murmurings that prevailed, he began to entertain

some

idea of redressing the grievance. Having imparted his design to the Banditto Perone, and his companions, they laughed at him, but when he assured them that he was in earnest, they readily promised him their assistance. Shortly after this, the fish of Massaniello being seized for the tax, he went among the fruiterers and advised them not to make any more purchases of the country dealers, till the impost should be taken off, which they promised. In the mean time he collected a number of idle boys, to each of whom he gave a small cane, and taught them certain cries suited to the object which he had in view. The shopkeepers, agreeable to the instructions which they had received, refused to trade with the country people, and a riot ensuing, the regent sent an oflicer named Anaclero, to quell the tumult. The multitude, however, grew more incensed at his appearance, and

he was glad to save his life by a precipitate retreat. The populace now gathered in great numbers, and Massaniello, by his harangues, inflamed them to acts of more daring violence. After burning the tollhouses, they marched to the palace of the viceroy, which they entered and rifled. The governor himself escaped with difficulty, and the prince of Bisignano, to whom the people were much attached, quitted the city. Thus left without a head, the multitude chose Massaniello for their leader, and the banditto Perone as his assistant. A stage was erected in the market-place, where this new ruler sat to give audience, and to minister justice, which he did with equal gravity and impartiality. One hundred and fifty thousand men obeyed his orders, and an incredible number of women, armed like Amazons, were enrolled in the same cause. In this state of things, the viceroy applied to the archbishop, whose mild persuasions had nearly succeeded in restoring order, when an attempt being made to assassinate Massaniello, the negociation was broken off, and the rage of the people burst forth with redoubled fury. In this exigency, the viceroy had recourse once more to the archbishop, who prevailed upon Massaniello to renew the treaty, and to visit the palace, which he did with uncommon pomp on horseback, dressed in cloth of silver, a plume of feathers in his hat, and a drawn sword in his hand, attended by fifty thousand armed followers. On the Sunday following, the terms were ratified at the cathedral church, and every thing had an auspicious appearance; when, unfortunately for Massaniello, ambition induced him to violate his engagement, and to hold a power which he knew not how to direct. His conduct became capricious, and so tyrannical, that four persons took an opportunity of dispatching him. The last words which he uttered were "Ungrateful traitors!" His head was thrown into one ditch, and his body into another. Hist. of Impostors.

ANEURIN, called the sovereign of bards, a British poet and chieftain, who bore a conspicuous part in the battle of Cattraeth, which he made the subject of a poem, to be found in the Welsh archaiology, with another piece of his, entitled the Odes of the Months, being all that is preserved of his works. He died about A. D. 570. He is supposed to have been the same with Gildas the ecclesiastical historian. -Owen, Cambrian Biog.

ANFOSSI (Pascal), an Italian musician, was born at Naples in 1736. After studying at his native place, he removed to Rome, where he became composer to the theatre, but the failure of one of his operas induced him to travel through Italy to Paris, where he presented to the academy of music, his "Inconnue persecuteé," adapted to French words. In 1782, he visited London, and

ANGE DE ST. JOSEPH (Le Pere), a Carmelite of Toulouse, whose real name was La Brosse. He lived several years in Persia as a missionary; and on his return became provincial of his order in Languedoc, where he died in 1697. His publications are, a Latin translation of the Persian Pharmacopœía, printed at Paris in 1681, 8vo. ; and a book entitled "Gazophylacium linguæ Persarum," printed at Amsterdam in folio, 1684. His reputation as an oriental scholar was completely destroyed by the learned Thomas Hyde, who proved that he was totally ignorant of the Persian idiom, and that the Pharmacopoeia, which he published, was in reality translated by father Matthieu. - Dict. Hist. Biog. Brit.

ANGE DE ST. ROSALIE, an Augustine monk, was born at Blois in 1655, and died in 1726. He compiled the History of the royal family of France, and of the great officers of the crown, which was published after his death in 9 vols. folio. He was also the author of the State of France, in 5 vols. 12mo. - Dict. Hist.

ANGEL (John), an English divine, was born in Gloucestershire, and educated at Magdalen-hall, Oxford. After taking his degrees in arts, and entering into orders, he became a popular preacher among the Puritans, and in the civil war, was chosen lecturer of Grantham, where he died in 1655. He wrote "The right Government of the Thoughts," 8vo. and four Sermons. Wood, Athen. Oxon.

ANGELI (Bonaventure), an Italian historian, was a native of Ferrara, in which city he became so eminent as a lawyer, that the affairs of the duke were entrusted to his management. He afterwards settled at Parma, and became historiographer of that place.

He died there in 1576. After his death appeared his "Istora della citta di Parma e descrizione del Fiume, Parma," 4to. He wrote also a description of the same city; the life of Ludovico Catti, a lawyer, and some other works. — Biog. Universelle.

ANGELI (Baldus), a physician, was born in the Romana, in the 16th century. He wrote a Latin piece on the nature of vipers, printed in 1589, 4to. — Gen. Biog. Dict.

ANGELI (Peter), or Degli Angeli, an Italian poet, was born in 1517 at Barga in Tuscany, whence he is sometimes called Bargæus. He understood Latin and Greek at ten years of age, after which he was sent to study the law at Bologna, but neglected that pursuit for the belles lettres. account of some satirical verses which he

On

rate at the request of a lady, he was obliged to quit Bologna, and seek an asylum at Venice, where he lived with the French bassador three years, being employed in copying Greek manuscripts. He next accompanied another ambassador to Constantinople, and made the tour of Greece and Asia Minor. In 1546, he became profor of Greek and Latin at Ragusa, from whence he was invited to take the chair of belles lettres at Pisa. After occupying that tation seventeen years, he exchanged it for the professorship of moral and political philosophy. In 1575, he accompanied ardinal Ferdinand de Medicis to Rome, where be settled on a handsome pension, and published his poems, which he dedicated to the cardinal, who presented him two thousand florins of gold. When his eminence became grand duke of Florence, Angeli followed him, and published there his Syrias," a Latin poem on the deliverance of Jerusalem. He died in 1596. His works are-1. Three Funeral Orations in Latin, on Henry II. of France, on the grand duke Cosmo, and the grand duke Ferdinand, his patron, 1587. 2. De Ordine legendi Scriptores Historiæ Romanæ. & Poemata varia, 4to. In this collection are the Cynegeticon, a poem on the chace, and the Syrias above mentioned, which are as best performances. 4. De privatorum publicorumque urbis Romæ eversoribus

, 4to. 5. Poesie Toscane, 8vo. Letters in Latin and Italian. 7. Memoirs dtown Life. Moreri.

ALICO (John), an Italian painter, was bert at Fiesole in 1387. He was a domitican, and painted the chapel of Nicholas V. who offered him the archbishopric of Florence, which he refused. He died in 1448. - Vasari.

ANGELIERI (Bonaventure), a monk of the erder of St. Francis, was a native of Mar

sala in Sicily. He became vicar-general of his order at Madrid, and afterwards, ace of the fathers of the Observance. He published-1. Lux magica, cœlestium, terrestrium et inferorum, 1685, 4to. 2. Lux magica academica, pars secunda, 1687, 4. These singular performances were to have been followed by twenty-two more on the same subjects. The author was living in 1707.-Dict. Hist.

ANGELIS (Domenico), an Italian ecclesiastic, was born at Lecce, the capital of Otranto in 1675. After studying in his own country, he travelled for improvement, became a member of several learned academies, and on entering into orders, obtained some valuable preferment. Philip V. of Spain honoured him with the title of historiographer of Naples, and the duke of Gravina made him his secretary. He died * Lecce in 1718. He wrote the lives of several persons of eminence; an historical

discourse on the foundation of the city of Lecce; and Italian poems. — Biog. Univ.

ANGELIS (Peter), a painter, was born at Dunkirk in 1685. He came to England in 1712, and obtained considerable business; but in 1728 he travelled to Italy, where he lived three years, and on his return to settle in this country, stopped at Rennes, where he died in 1734. He painted conversations and landscapes with small figures, and the representations of fruit and fish. Walpole, Anecd. of Painting.

ANGELIS (Stephen de), an Italian mathematician, was educated under Bonaventure Cavalieri. He was for some time a Jesuit, but quitted the order, and became a teacher of mathematics at Padua, where he died at the close of the seventeenth century. His works are- 1. Miscellaneum hyperbolicum et parabolicum, 4to. 2. Della Gravita dell' Aria et Fluidi, 1671, 4to. 3. Discourses on the Opinions of Copernicus, &c. — Gen. Biog. Dict.

ANGELO (James), a Florentine of the fifteenth century. After studying mathematics, he went to Constantinople, where he applied sedulously to the Greek language, and on his return was appointed secretary to the pope. He died about the year 1420. He translated from Greek into Latin-1. Cosmographiæ Ptolomæi. Ptolomæi quadripartitum. vita, &c.

- Ibid.
ANGELO. See BUONAROTTI.

2.

3. Ciceronis

ANGELO (Thomas d'), a dominican, died at Messina, 1720. He wrote an ecclesiastical history of Sicily, and other works. Dict. Hist.

ANGELONI (Francis), an Italian historian, was born at Terni, in the duchy of Spalatto, and died at Rome in 1652. He wrote an illustration of the history of Rome, by medals, printed in 1685, folio; also the history of Terni, 4to. 1646. - Dict. Hist.

ANGELUCCI (Theodore), an Italian poet and physician, was born at Belforte in the march of Ancona, and is said to have held a professorship at Padua. It is certain that he was a member of the academy of Venice, and principal physician at Montagnana, where he died in 1600. His works are 1. Sententia quod metaphysica sit eademque physica, 4to. 2. Exercitationum cum Patricio. 3. Ars Medica, 4to. 4. De natura et curatione malignæ Febris, 4to. 5. Deus, canzone spirituale di Cælio magno, &c. 6. Capitolo in lode della Pazzia. 7. Eneide di Virgilio, tradotto in verso sciolto, 12mo. Biog. Universelle. ANGELUS (Christopher), a native of Greece, who was so persecuted by the Turks, as to be compelled to leave his country after suffering many tortures. In 1608 ne came to England, and found a patron in the bishop of Norwich, who placed him in Trinity-college, Cambridge, from

AMYRUTZES, a peripatetic philosopher, and native of Trebizond, who flourished in the 15th century. Having abjured the christian religion, the sultan Mahomet II. gave him several preferments, and employed him in translating some books of the christians into Arabic. Bayle. ANACHARSIS, a Scythian philosopher, who travelled to Athens in the time of Solon, by whom he was greatly esteemed. He was the only stranger the Athenians ever admitted to the honour of citizenship, and Croesus invited him to Sardis, with the offer of great riches, but he replied, "that he came to Greece for improvement and not for money." On his return to Scythia, he attempted to introduce the customs and institutions of Greece, which brought upon him the enmity of his countrymen. Going one day into a wood, to perform a sacred rite to the goddess Cybele, he was shot by the king. Many of his apophthegms are preserved by Lælius, Plutarch and others. An Athenian once reproaching him with being a Scythian: "True," says Anacharsis, "my country is a disgrace to me, but you are a disgrace to your country." Some spurious letters were published under his name at Paris, in 1552. - Diogenes Laertius. Fenelon's Lives of the Philosophers.

ANACREON, a Greek lyric poet, was born at Teos, in Ionia, about the 6th century B. C. He was entertained by Polycrates at Samos, and afterwards lived with Hipparchus, the son of Pisistratus, on whose death he returned to Teos, and remained there till the revolt of Histaeus, when he removed to Abdera, where he was choked in the act of drinking, by a grape-stone. From the few particulars that can be gathered of his life, it is evident that Anacreon was a man of vicious principles and debauched manners. His amatory and bacchanalian poems, however, are exquisitely beautiful, lively, and natural. The best editions of Anacreon are those of Barnes, Maittaire, and Baxter; but the most splendid is that of Spaletti, printed at Rome in 4to. 1781. Bodoni also pub lished in 1784, a superb edition on vellum, at Parma. There have been two good translations of Anacreon in our language, one by Fawkes, and the other by Moore. Gen. Biog. Dict.

ANAGNOSTA (John), a Byzantine historian, in the year 1433. He wrote De Ro

ANANIA (John Lorenzo de), a native of Taverna in Calabria, in the 16th century. He wrote a work entitled "Cosmographia," printed at Venice in 1576, 4to. - Gene Dict.

ANASTASIUS the Sinaite, so called from being a recluse of Mount Sinai, where he lived in the 7th century. He wrote some pieces on practical divinity, published at Ingoldstadt, 1606, 4to. — Cave's Hist. Lit.

ANASTASIUS (Theopolitanus), bishop of Antioch in the 6th century, was banished in 570 for holding the opinion, that the body of Christ was incapable of suffering even before the resurrection. Afterwards he was restored to his see, and died in 599. - Fabric. Bibl. Græc.

ANASTASIUS BIBLIOTHECARIUS, a Greek, who was librarian of the Vatican, in the 9th century. His chief work is the Liber Pontificalis; the best edition of which is that of 1718, 4 vols. folio. He is said to have assisted at the council of Constantinople in 865, and to have translated its canons into Latin. - Dupin.

ANATOLIUS (St.), a native of Alexandria, was bishop of Laodicea, in Syria, in 269. He wrote a tract on the time of celebrating Easter, printed in the ، Doctrina Tempo rum," 1634. — Dupin.

ANATOLIUS patriarch of Constantinople in the 5th century. He contended with Pope Leo for the equality of the two churches, but afterwards yielded with more submission to the pontiff than became his station. He died in 458. - Moreri.

ANAXAGORAS, of Clazomene, a celebrated philosopher, was born B. C. 500. He inherited a considerable estate in his own country, which he relinquished to indulge his thirst for knowledge at Athens, where he applied to the study of poetry and eloquence. Afterwards he left Athens to attend the lessons of Anaxinenes, at Miletus, under whoun he made a great progress; but on returning to his own country, he found that his estate was gone to ruin, which he affected to consider a fortunate circumstance, as leaving him free to pursue his studies. He then removed to Athens, where he taught philoso phy, and had, among numerous pupils, Euripides, the tragedian, and Pericles, the ora tor; if not also Socrates and Themistocles His reputation, however, created him eno